臭椿叶提取物抗炎作用研究

[目的]探究臭椿叶提取物的抗炎作用。[方法]建立二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀模型和10%蛋清生理盐水致小鼠足肿胀模型,观察臭椿叶提取物的抗炎效果。[结果]与模型组相比,臭椿叶提取物高剂量组能够明显对抗10%蛋清生理盐水导致的小鼠足肿胀,对二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀也有一定的抗炎效果,但效果不十分明显。[结论]臭椿叶提取物具有一定的抗炎作用。     

Nutrient concentration of corn as effected by poultry manure

Abstract

The elemental composition of corn was evaluated during the 1973 growing season in an experiment with various rates of poultry manure. In general, the nutrient concentration of plant tissue reflected poultry manure applications with the exception of Mg which declined and Ca, Fe and Na which appeared to be largely unaffected. The elemental concentrations in the corn tissue were not in a toxic range however, the nutrient balance was changed by poultry manure application. Sampling of corn early in the growing season can be quite valuable with respect to predicting nutrient concentration of more mature corn for Mg, Mn, B and Zn, but it leaves much to be desired for the other elements tested.     

不同水分条件下燕麦穗颈维管束结构与穗部性状的关系

为了解不同水分条件下燕麦穗颈维管束结构与穗部性状的关系,在大田栽培条件下,连续两年设置灌溉和旱作两个水分处理,以内燕5号、燕科2号、品5号、坝莜9号4个燕麦品种为材料,观测抽穗期穗颈维管束性状、灌浆速率和穗部产量性状。结果表明,燕麦穗颈维管束发育受干旱影响,干旱条件下各品种的大维管束数目、大维管束面积、大维管束韧皮部面积、大维管束导管直径较灌溉处理均显著降低,其中坝莜9号维管束各性状对干旱反应最敏感,其大维管束面积降低幅度最大,达到55.47%。灌水条件下坝莜9号两个年度大维管束面积分别较内燕5号、燕科2号、品5号高出32.66%、15.77%、9.50%;旱作条件下品5号的维管束性状优于其他3个品种,大维管束面积分别较内燕5号、燕科2号、坝莜9号高出20.04%、4.42%、 20.42%。旱作条件下4个品种的灌浆速率较灌溉处理均降低,品种间差异较大,品5号两个年度平均灌浆速率最优,分别较内燕5号、燕科2号、坝莜9号高出21.95%、21.34%、7.93%;灌水条件下坝莜9号的平均灌浆速率分别较内燕5号、燕科2号、品5号高出23.94%、28.17%、17.84%,穗粒重分别高出40.39%、 10.33%、4.27%,穗粒数分别高出40.78%、19.42%、17.37%。经相关分析,灌水条件下大维管束数目与穗长呈现极显著相关;旱作条件下大维管束导管直径与总小穗数、穗长、穗粒数呈极显著相关,其中与总小穗数相关性最大。因此,灌溉可促进燕麦维管束发育和籽粒灌浆,进而获得高产。     

玉米株型相关性状的QTL定位

玉米株高、穗位高和雄穗分枝数是影响玉米抗倒伏性、耐密性、植株透光率及生产潜力的重要株型性状。因此,本研究以自交系T32和黄C为亲本组配了F₂和F_2:3群体,利用完备区间作图法对株高、穗位高和雄穗分枝数进行QTL检测和效应值分析。结果表明,F_2:3家系在三个环境中共检测到10个QTL位点,单一环境下单个QTL的表型贡献率介于5.84%~11.03%之间。其中,株高受部分加性效应(A)、显性效应(D)、部分显性效应(PD)和超显性效应(OD)的调控;穗位高受到部分显性效应(PD)、显性效应(D)和超显性效应(OD)的调控;雄穗分枝数受到加性效应(A)、部分显性效应(PD)和超显性效应(OD)的调控。两个环境条件下调控株高和穗位高表达的QTL,分别位于Bin3.06(bnlg1350~phi102228)和Bin4.05~Bin4.06(umc2391~umc2283)同时调控株高和穗位高。三个环境条件下调控穗位高和雄穗分枝数表达的QTL,分别位于Bin8.05(umc1121~bnlg1782)调控穗位高、Bin8.07(bnlg1065~bnlg1823)调控雄穗分枝数。通过在不同环境条件下稳定检测到的株高、穗位高和雄穗分枝数QTL位点,以期为玉米相关性状的遗传研究、精细定位及基因克隆提供有益参考。     

Malassezia pachydermatis isolated from normal and diseased external ear canals in dogs: a comparative analysis

To investigate the role of Malassezia pachydermatis as a pathogenic agent in canine otitis, a comparative analysis of isolates from normal and diseased external ear canals in dogs was undertaken. Specimens were collected from the ears of dogs with unilateral or bilateral otitis and from healthy dogs. Mycological analysis was by direct microscopy and fungal culture on Sabouraud's dextrose agar and Dixon's agar. Of the otitis specimens, 63.7% showed typical Malassezia cells on cytological examination. In samples taken from the healthy ears of dogs with unilateral otitis, only 21.43% (P<0.05) showed evidence of Malassezia. M. pachydermatis was identified cytologically and culturally in 57.53% (P<0.05), 14.29% and 30.0% of samples from the ears of dogs with otitis, from the healthy ears of dogs with unilateral otitis and from the ears of healthy dogs with no otitis. In the group with otitis associated with M. pachydermatis, the poodle was the most common breed (39.29%; P<0.05), whereas in the group without otitis, the German Shepherd breed was prominent (although this observation was not statistically significant). In both groups, the majority of dogs with M. pachydermatis were aged between 1 and 3 years (P<0.05). The higher incidence of M. pachydermatis isolated from the ears of dogs with otitis externa suggests a putative pathogenic role of this yeast in this condition.     

Effects of fabric surface energy on human thermophysiological responses during exercise and recovery

The present paper reports a study on influences of fabric surface energy of cotton and polyester garments on clothing microclimates and human thermophysiological responses during intermittent exercise and recovery. Eight healthy males wearing the garments prepared performed exercises and rest according to the following protocol: rest for 30 min, run on treadmill for total 60 min of three sessions with different intensity and duration, and then sit quietly for 30 min for recovery, all at 30 °C and relative humidity of 30 %, while the microclimate humidity (H _mc ) and temperature (T _mc ), the clothing outside surface humidity (H _co ) and temperature (T _co ), the skin temperatures and ear canal temperature (T _{ear_canal} ) were measured. The garments are made of: (a) hydrophilic and hydrophobic cotton knitted fabrics, and (b) hydrophilic and hydrophobic polyester knitted fabrics. During and after exercise, for cotton, hydrophilic garment resulted in significant lowerΔH _mc , ΔH _co , ΔT _mc during recovery, higher , lowerΔT _{ear_canal} andΔT _forehead . For polyester, hydrophilic garment resulted in significantly lowerΔH _co , ΔT _co , higher , higherΔT _forehead during E1, E2 and recovery session but lower during E3. In summary, surface energy of cotton garments had significant influences on human thermophysiological responses during exercise and recovery, and hydrophilic cotton garment was better than hydrophobic one to reduce heat stress. Surface energy of polyester garments had influences of lower significance, and hydrophilic garment appeared better than hydrophobic garment.     

种植密度和行距配置对玉米穗位叶光合特性的影响

玉米穗位叶叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)均随密度增大而呈降低趋势,且均在生育后期差异较显著。光合作用关键酶磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(PEP-Case)和1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶(RuBPCase)活性亦呈降低趋势。叶绿素含量、Pn、Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ、PEPCase和RuBPCase活性在低密度下各行距配置间均无显著差异,但在中高密度下,"80+40"配置均高于其他配置,尤其是在生育后期差异显著,适宜的行距配置可提高穗位叶光合能力。     

氮素穗肥施用时期对粳稻品质的影响

[目的]明确穗肥施用时期对粳稻(Oryza sativa L.)稻米品质的影响。[方法]在施纯氮225 kg/hm2的大田试验条件下,研究不同穗肥施用时期对郑稻5号和豫粳6号品质的影响。[结果]不同的穗肥施用时期对水稻品质有明显的影响。对于品种郑稻5号,在抽穗期施用穗肥能提高稻米品质。而对于豫粳6号,穗肥施用时期对其加工品质和外观品质的影响各不相同,对于加工品质以倒3叶时期为佳,外观品质以抽穗期较好。[结论]穗肥施用时期对稻米品质有一定影响。     

小麦的穗分化与温光反应

1982—1985年在北京地区的小麦多期播种试验中,强春性小麦在三叶期开始了穗分化的伸长期.随着冬性的增强,伸长期的主茎叶数逐渐增多,天数也逐渐增加.强春性品种的穗分化对温度和日长都无严格要求,高温可促进分化.冬性品种的穗分化可在温度较低、日长较短逐渐转入温度较高、日长较长的条件下顺利进行.过渡类型小麦穗分化的温光条件居中.伸长期或二棱末期是过渡类型和冬性小麦完成春化反应的标志.     

Effect of alien 5R(5A) chromosome substitution on ear-emergence time and winter hardiness in wheat-rye substitution lines

Ear emergence time and response to vernalization were investigated in 12 alien substitution lines in which a pair of chromosomes 5A of recipient spring wheat cultivars was replaced by a pair of chromosomes 5R of Siberian spring rye ‘Onokhoiskaya’. The recipients were 12 spring cultivars of common wheat, each carrying different Vrn genes. Spring rye ‘Onokhoiskaya’ had the Sp1 (now called Vrn-R1) gene for spring growth habit located on chromosome 5R, but its expression was weaker. The Vrn-R1 gene had no effect on growth habit, ear emergence time and response to vernalization in wheat-rye substitution lines. Ears emerged significantly later in the 5R(5A) alien substitution lines than in the recipient wheat cultivars with the Vrn-A1/Vrn-B1/vrn-D1 or Vrn-A1/vrn-B1/Vrn-D1 genotypes. No difference in ear emergence time was found between most of the 5R(5A) alien substitution lines and the cultivars carrying the recessive vrn-A1 gene. The presence of the Vrn2a and Vrn2b alleles at the Vrn2 (now called Vrn-B1) locus located on wheat chromosome 5B was confirmed.The replacement of chromosome 5A by chromosome 5R in wheat cultivars ‘Rang’ and ‘Mironovskaya Krupnozernaya’, which carries the single dominant gene Vrn-A1, converted them to winter growth habit. In field studies near Novosibirsk the winter hardiness of 5R(5A) wheat–rye substitution lines of ‘Rang’ and ‘Mironovskaya Krupnozernaya’ was increased by 20–47% and 27–34%, respectively, over the recurrent parents.