梨麦间作系统水分效应与土地利用效应的研究

对黄淮海平原农区宽带距多行带梨麦间作系统水分效应、产量效应与土地利用效应进行了研究。结果表明：小麦拔节一乳熟期间，间作系统内小麦日蒸腾耗水比单作麦田低21．6％；距梨树0．0～7．0m，为土壤水分的降低区，7．0～25．0m为土壤水分提高区，间作系统总体上使麦田0～200cm土壤贮水量提高11．81％；间作系统内小麦水分利用率比单作麦田约高8．7％；间作系统小麦单产量比单作麦田高6．6％，土地当量值可达1．19。就水分效应和土地利用效应而言，在黄淮海平原农区发展这种宽带距多行带梨麦间作模式具有一定的可行性。     

滨海盐渍土防护林树种选择的研究

对北方沿海泥质海岸不同类型盐碱地进行造林树种选择试验，并以NaCI溶液处理结合沙培盆栽，测定树木生长指标及生理生化指标。通过综合判定，筛选出柽柳、沙枣、小胡23杨、绒毛白蜡、刺槐、群众杨、抗虫榆、白城杨、中林46号杨、辽宁杨等适合重、中、轻及苏打盐渍土类型的盐碱地造林树种。     

太行山区浆水镇土地资源优化配置研究

山区土地资源优化配置的主体核心是确定各种农作物、林果、牧草资源的占地比例及规模。装水镇土地资源优化配置利用方向,在于建设发展以板栗、苹果为主的林果生产基地,畜牧养殖业在于发展以消耗饲草为主的大牲畜(主要是牛)和山羊,另外,种植在5级地上的粮食作物,应以旱作为主。     

川南几种竹种退耕还林植被恢复研究

本文用空间代时间的方法研究了长宁县竹林退耕还林在时间序列上的植被恢复特点。除毛竹外,和一般树种相比,竹类恢复为森林的时间较短,3 a~5 a即可成林。但竹种类型间成林速度存在差异,丛生竹成林最快,散生竹较慢。梁山慈竹和硬头黄竹退耕后可以一次成林,毛竹退耕可先进行农林复合经营直到群落郁闭。随着竹林的恢复,草本层生物量逐渐减少,地被物层生物量增加,各竹种新生个体的生态位逐渐扩大。人工栽植5 a的毛竹扩散规律研究结果表明,随着毛竹栽植时间的延伸,毛竹产生的新竹数目增多,个体变大,距离变远(170 cm),也存在大小年变化。人工促进竹林植被恢复速度明显较快。     

Impact of Land Tenure Change on Land Use

China is a public ownership country. At present, theownership of land belongs to the country andcollectivity. In China, the meaning of ownership ofland is the light that the owners of land can possessthe land, use the land, get some interest from the landand deal with the land according to laws. The 4 sectionsof ownership of land can either be combined or beseparated to carry out. In practice, these 4 sections ofownership are usually separated to carry out. The tenureof land is an independent…     

金沙江干热河谷生态问题与退耕还林技术模式的研究

通过对金沙江干热河谷生态环境和经营条件分析，提出适合金沙江流域不同海拔和立地条件的退耕还林的技术模式，论述了经济林模式、生态林模式、用材林模式和林草混交立体模式的适用立地条件、造林树种、经营技术及经济效益。     

Land tenure and farm management efficiency: The case of smallholder rubber production in customary land areas of Sumatra

This study assesses the impact of land tenure institutions on the efficiency of farm management based on a case study of rubber production in customary land areas of Sumatra, Indonesia. Using the modes of land acquisition as measures of land tenure institutions, we estimated tree planting, revenue, income, and short-run profit functions, and internal rates of return to tree planting on smallholder rubber fields. We find generally insignificant differences in the incidence of tree planting and management efficiency (defined as residual profits) of rubber production between newly emerging private ownership and customary ownership. This is consistent with our hypothesis that tree planting confers stronger individual rights, if land rights are initially weak (as in the case of family land under customary land tenure systems). On the other hand, short-term profits are higher on land that is rented through share tenancy. This result indicates that rubber trees are over-exploited under renting arrangements due partly to the short-run nature of the land tenancy contracts and partly to the difficulty landowners face in supervising tapping activities of tenants in spatially dispersed rubber fields. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Alley cropping of sorghum with Leucaena during the post-rainy season on Vertisols in semi-arid India

A field experiment was conducted for two years (1989– 1991) on a Vertisol in Bijapur, India in a split-plot design, replicated four times, to evaluate the potential of alley cropping post-rainy season sorghum between Leucaena hedgerows. Leucaena produced on average 2.74 t per ha of prunings and 1.57 t per ha of wood annually. Alley cropping decreased sorghum yields by 28 to 45% when all Leucaena prunings were removed from the system and by 21 to 24%, when on average 1.92 t per ha prunings were applied to the soil annually. The reduction of sorghum yield increased as higher rates of N were applied to sorghum. Although alley cropping increased organic carbon by 21% and available N by 19% at the time of crop sowing, it did not result in increased crop yields because of competition for water between hedgerows and crops. Calculation of land equivalent ratios based on total Leucaena biomass indicated that alley cropping was more productive than sole cropping of sorghum only in one year, and that, too, when no N was applied to sorghum. Therefore, alley cropping of Vertisols with post-rainy season sorghum is not likely to have any advantage in the short term. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

基于遥感与GIS的临淄区土地利用变化与生态环境效应研究

根据临淄区2008年、2012年和2018年三期土地利用数据,利用地理信息软件对2008-2018年这10年间临淄区的土地利用变化和生态环境效应进行了计算分析。结果表明:研究区2008~2018年主要土地利用类型为耕地和建设用地。10年间,草地和建设用地的面积增加,耕地、林地、水域和其他用地的面积减小,耕地减少的面积最大,建设用地增加的面积最多。草地增加的面积主要来自耕地和林地,建设用地主要来自耕地;耕地和水域为生态高敏感类型,林地为中敏感,草地低敏感,建设用地和其他用地不敏感。2008~2018年期间的土地利用类型变化导致临淄区中高风险、较高风险和低风险区域的面积不断增加,而中风险和低风险的面积不断减少,临淄区区域总体生态风险增加;10年间,生态环境质量指数逐年下降,2008~2012年,耕地转换为建设用地是生态环境质量恶化的主要因子,耕地转换为草地是生态环境质量改善的主要因子;2012~2018年,草地转换为建设用地是生态环境质量恶化的主要因子,建设用地转换为耕地是生态环境质量改善的主要因子。     

沙地樟子松树坨移栽技术研究

为提高沙地大树移栽成活率 ,尽快成林 ,本文论述了沙地移栽大树坨成败因素、方法 ,提出樟子松树坨以 6～ 8年生为最佳 ,超过 10a不宜移栽。同时提出沙地树坨移栽的 2种新方法