祁连山南麓退耕地人工植物群落的枯落物容水性能

对位于祁连山南麓的青海省大通县退耕地人工植物群落的枯落物容水性能进行了研究。该地区从20世纪80年代初期陆续退耕还林的人工植物群落年龄虽只有10~27 a,但其枯落物层厚度已达2.9 cm,相当于天然植物群落(30~200 a)的56.9%;其枯落物容水量平均达4 mm,相当于天然植物群落的35.7%。研究表明退耕地植物群落的林龄越大,植物垂直层数越丰富,则枯落物干物蓄积量和容水率越大,枯落物容水量也越大。在人为去除枯落物层后,其地表径流速度较去除前增加了33%~35%,枯落物层的缓流、滞流作用十分明显。经逐步回归分析,影响植物群落枯落物容水量的因素99.8%的为枯落物干物的蓄积量、林龄、植物层数和枯落物容水率。     

The role of agroforestry in the farming systems in Rwanda with special reference to the Bugesera-Gisaka-Migongo (BGM) region

The Rwandan farmers, faced with a perpetual land shortage, have evolved certain intensive systems of organic agriculture. These systems, particularly the homestead (compound) farming, involve the combination of food, fodder and tree crops. to a certain extent these systems can satisfy the multiple needs of the subsistence farmers living under several risks and constraints. However, they cannot cope with the expanding food demand of the rapidly increasing population. Some multipurpose, low-input technologies and agroforestry approaches have been designed to improve the productivity of these traditional systems; these include inter/mixed cropping systems and rotations, alley cropping with leguminous trees and shrubs, use of planted fallow, planting tree legumes on anti-erosive lines, mixed farming,community forestry and woodlots, and tree planting on farm/field boundaries. The essential aspects of these technologies are briefly discussed.ISAR-IITA FSR PROJECT, B.P. 629, Kigali RwandaISAR-Swiss Intercooperation, c/o Forestry Department, B.P. 617, Butare, Rwanda     

内蒙古自治区的沙漠及沙漠化土地

文章叙述了采取系统抽样的方法,通过现地调查和遥感解译相结合,获取样地信息,利用数理统计的原理计算出各类沙漠化土地面积,利用卫星遥感技术、卫星定位技术和地理信息系统相结合,确定内蒙古沙漠和沙漠化土地的分布。监测表明,截至1999年内蒙古沙漠和沙漠化土地面积为42.08×104km2,占内蒙古自治区总面积118.3×104km2的35.6%。与1994年全国沙漠化土地监测结果对比,5a来全区沙漠化土地面积增加了15629km2,年均增加3126km2。内蒙古沙漠和沙漠化土地面积居全国第二位,而沙漠化土地扩展速度和可治理沙漠化土地面积居全国第一位。     

热泵木材干燥机的发展与应用

阐述了应用热泵木材干燥机干燥木材的工作原理及其优越性，介绍了几种热泵木材干燥机的流程及其应用，并对各种热泵木材干燥机流程的特性进行了分析和探讨。     

中坝村退耕还林效益分析

笔者通过对秭归县茅坪镇中坝村退耕还林的现场详细调查,主要是水土保持经济林的单位面积效益进行评价,并使之与退耕还林前的农业生产效益相比较,阐明退耕还林的经济可行性和采取合理的相应措施。     

Evaluation of potential land productivity in Wulushan,West China

The general situation of the total land resources in Wulushan, West China was studied by field investigations with the aid of a GIS software, called Region Manager. The current status of land use in Wulushan is described. The potential land productivity was evaluated by a fuzzy comprehensive method, We take each plot as a basic unit of evaluation on the basis of an index system of land resources in Wulushan which was developed from the investigation data. Evaluation of potential land productivity is the key part of land management. A guideline is presented in this paper for a proper utilization of the land resources and to develop the productive capacity of the land.     

大屏嶂森林公园道路下边坡裸露地覆绿研究

大屏嶂森林公园应该是具有和谐性、稳定性和统一性的生态园区，在建设过程中对原有植被的破坏要及时恢复，以促进生物群落的形成，加速生物群落的演替进程，促进生物群落向稳定的方向发展。本文采用土壤改良、优先选择速生树种和乡土树种等方法对森林公园道路下边坡裸露地复绿开展了研究。种植两年后裸露地已郁闭，并形成了具乔木、灌木与草本三个层次的植物群落。     

闽南山地桉树纤维材优良无性系的选择研究

对福建漳州岩溪、天马 2个试验点 1 3个桉树纤维材无性系的生长性状、木材纤维形态和化学组分等性能进行测定与分析 ,并经多性状综合评判 ,选择出具有较高的生长量、生物量和纤维产量 ,适合闽南山地发展的C9、C1 0、EC1、EC3、C6共 5个纤维材优良无性系 ,其中尤以C9、C1 0、EC1三个无性系的各性状为最优。这 5个无性系 ,3a生年平均树高和胸径生长量、每株干材重量和纤维产量分别可达 3 93～ 6 60m、3 83～ 4 97cm ,9 71～ 2 0 48kg·a- 1 和 4 3 6～ 9 5 2kg·a- 1 ,而且木材纤维形态和化学组成等特性良好 ,可进一步扩大繁殖、推广应用。