Agronomic performance and genetic shifts of genotype mixtures in peanut

Summary Little information is available on the genetic shifts that may take place when seed mixtures of peanut are grown over time. Five peanut lines with distinct seed coat colors, but similar plant types, pod yields, and maturities, were grown in pure stands for four years. A mixture with equal numbers of seed from each of the five lines was grown each year. All mixtures were subsampled and grown in subsequent years without reconstitution. Yield, 100-seed weight, and total sound mature kernel proportions from the mixtures were higher than the pure stand average of the five lines, but yield and total sound mature kernel proportions were lower than the average adjusted for individual line production. The best component line was significantly better than the mixture for pod yield, 100-seed weight, and proportion of sound mature kernels. Intergenotypic competition shifted the mixture composition to increase the proportion of one of the high yielding lines after only two years, while other high yielding lines in the test either maintained or decreased their original proportion. The two lowest yielding lines in pure stand also decreased in proportion over time.Contribution of the Florida Agricultural Experiment Station. Journal Series No. R-00550.     

目的论翻译原则下电影《狄仁杰之神都龙王》的字幕翻译探究

狄仁杰在武则天统治时期判决积案、疑案,纠正冤案、错案、假案,是我国历史上以廉洁勤政著称的清官.本文以2013年徐克导演的古装动作片《狄仁杰之神都龙王》为案例,探讨目的论翻译三原则下该影片中的字幕翻译.     

家蚕抗菌肽对花生青枯病菌的抑制作用初报

试验结果表明，家蚕抗菌肽对花生青枯病具有抑制作用。家蚕抗菌肽粗制品用量在２０～２５μｌ／孔时，抑制效果较明显。花生青枯病病菌的生长速率与家蚕抗菌肽浓度对数值间呈负相关。     

喷施黄腐酸对花生生长发育的影响

花生叶面喷施稀释１０００倍的黄腐酸（ＦＡ）溶液可以增加花生的单株有效花果和单株根瘤数，使叶片叶绿素含量提高，果针提早入土，加快果针膨大，提高花生饱果率，增加荚果产是。喷施试验结果表明，以苗期，始花期、下针期３次喷施黄腐酸效果最佳，其次为始花期和下针期２次喷施黄腐酸的处理，而只于苗期１次喷施黄腐酸的处理效果不明显。     

Above- and below-ground biomass dynamics in a sole cropping and an alley cropping system withGliricidia sepium in the semi-deciduous rainforest zone of West Africa

A considerable amount of data is available about above-ground biomass production and turnover in tropical agroforestry systems, but quantitative information concerning root turnover is lacking. Above- and below-ground biomass dynamics were studied during one year in an alley cropping system withGliricidia sepium and a sole cropping system, on aPlinthic Lixisol in the semi-deciduous rainforest zone of the Côte d'Ivoire. Field crops were maize and groundnut. Live root mass was higher in agroforestry than in sole cropping during most of the study period. This was partly due to increased crop and weed root development and partly to the presence of the hedgerow roots. Fine root production was higher in the alleys and lower under the hedgerows compared to the sole cropping plots. Considering the whole plot area, root production in agroforestry and sole cropping systems was approximatly similar with 1000–1100 kg ha^–1 (dry matter with 45% C) in 0–50 cm depth; about 55% of this root production occured in the top 10 cm. Potential sources of error of the calculation method are discussed on the basis of the compartment flow model. Above-ground biomass production was 11.1 Mg ha^–1 in sole cropping and 13.6 Mg ha^–1 in alley cropping, of which 4.3 Mg ha^–1 were hedgerow prunings. The input of hedgerow root biomass into the soil was limited by the low root mass ofGliricidia as compared to other tree species, and by the decrease of live root mass of hedgerows and associated perennial weeds during the cropping season, presumably as a result of frequent shoot pruning.     

周人“祈农”民俗传统的延续与演绎——陇东“二月二龙抬头”节俗的农业文化内涵管窥

＂二月二龙抬头＂节是西北民间重要的传统节日,也是一个与农业生产有密切关系的节日。本文主要以陇东地区民间＂二月二龙抬头＂节俗的民俗事项＂祭龙、舞龙、画图拜蛇、打灰簸箕、打瞎瞎、洒灰、击房檐、社祭、担晨水、炒豆豆、吃搅团糊龙头、拍瓦片、理龙头、唱大戏、迎富、避龙忌＂等蕴含的文化内涵入手,以期管窥其对周人＂祈农＂民俗传统的延续与演绎,从而揭示其在当代社会的价值以及对其进行保护的意义。     

酵素菌对花生的增产作用研究

试验结果表明，花生施用酵素菌，能使主根增长，须根密度明显增加，根瘤菌数增多，叶面积系数和叶绿素含量均有提高，主要病害的发病株率大大降低。荚果产量比对照增23.60%，并能促进土壤速效养分的释放，增强土壤供肥能力。     

Evaluation of aqueous Moringa seed extract as a seed treatment biofungicide for groundnuts

In a search for alternatives to currently used fungicides, the potential of aqueous Moringa seed extract (AMSE) as a seed treatment was evaluated. Seeds of groundnut, Arachis hypogea L cv Dakar, were soaked in AMSE at concentrations of 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 g litre(-1) for 24 h. Comparison was made with Apron Plus (metalaxyl+carboxin+furathiocarb), until recently a recommended seed-treatment chemical, and distilled water, which was the medium for extraction of Moringa seeds. The results showed that AMSE has potential for use as a biofungicide on groundnut seeds, since all the concentrations used except 1 g litre(-1) brought about significant reduction in the incidence of fungi on the seeds, such reduction increasing as the dosage of AMSE increased. There were no significant differences in control between the highest concentration of AMSE (20 g litre(-1)) and Apron Plus at the manufacturer's recommended level. Water also produced slight reductions in the incidence of fungi, although this was not significant at P = 0.05. The sensitivity to AMSE of the fungi tested varied, Mucor sp being the most sensitive and Aspergillus niger the least, with Rhizopus stolonifer and Aspergillus flavus intermediate.     

Effect of Supplementation with Leguminous Crop Residues or Concentrates on the Voluntary Intake and Performance of Kirdi Sheep

Twenty young Kirdi (West African Dwarf) rams, averaging 22 kg live weight and 15 months of age, were randomly assigned to four feeding groups of 5 animals each. The groups were subjected to an 8-week feeding trial to determine the effect of different protein supplements on their voluntary intake of rice straw and on their performance. The animals in one of the groups were maintained on a daily basal diet of rice straw given ad libitum and 250 g of rice bran per animal (control). Other groups were fed the basal diet, supplemented with 300 g of groundnut haulms (GH diet), 45 g of cotton seed cake (CSC diet) or 210 g of chopped cowpea vines (CPV diet) per animal per day. The average daily weight gains of the animals feeding on the control, GH, CSC and CPV diets were 20.00, 48.93, 52.14 and 49.29 g, respectively. The gains in live weight of the supplemented groups did not differ significantly (p>0.05), but there was a difference (p<0.05) in live weight gain between the supplemented groups and the control. The differences in intake of rice straw among the groups were highly significant (p<0.01). Cotton seed cake increased (p<0.01) the intake, while feeding crop residues tended to depress the intake of rice straw. Variations in the height at withers, heart girth and scapulo-ischial length did not differ significantly (p>0.05) among the groups. In terms of live weight gain and intake of rice straw, cotton seed cake was the most effective supplement, but, since the crop residues are more readily available to farmers in this area of the country, they merit more attention.