减施基肥追施钾肥对设施辣椒产量的影响

为探索追施钾肥对辣椒减肥增效的应用效果,通过设置5个施肥处理：常规施肥(CK)、80%常规施肥(T₁)、80%常规施肥+高钾水溶肥(T₂)、60%常规施肥(T₃)、60%常规施肥+高钾水溶肥(T4),开展不同施肥方式对设施辣椒物候期、形态特征、花果特性、产量的影响研究。结果表明：与当地常规施肥相比,T₂处理在常规施肥减少20%基肥的基础上,在花期、果期有针对性地追施高钾水溶肥,可使辣椒采收期延长14d,单株结果数增加2.6个,有效实现增产9579.0kg/hm²,增产幅度达到41.0%,增效达38 316元/hm²。该施肥方式可作为辣椒减肥增效生产的参考。     

减施氮肥对旱地花生农艺性状及产量的影响

为明确减施氮肥对提高氮肥利用效率和稳定提高花生产量的途径,采用田间小区试验,研究减量施用氮肥和配施有机肥、钙肥对花生生长发育及产量的影响。结果表明,减施氮肥可显著降低肥料贡献率、花生主茎高、侧枝长、生物积累量和饱果数,最终降低产量,减氮量越多影响作用越大。减量施用氮肥同时增施有机肥,可显著提高花生主茎高、侧枝长、生物积累量、饱果数及产量,其中N1O3处理效果最为理想,其主茎高、侧枝长、生物积累量、饱果数及产量均优于常规施肥处理(CK),较之分别增加2.63%、1.44%、3.74%、2.58%、2.41%、3.89%,但差异不显著。减量施用氮肥同时配施钙肥可显著增加花生地下部生物积累量、单株荚果数、饱果数及产量,其中N1Ca2处理效果最为理想,其地下部生物积累量、饱果数及产量均优于常规施肥处理,较之分别增加6.86%、0.81%、6.92%,但各处理与CK间差异均不显著,减氮配施钙肥处理对主茎高、侧枝长、地上部生物积累量的影响不明显。本研究为花生生产中氮肥减量、提高花生产量提供了技术途径。     

电动汽车同步变速箱传动振荡抑制

在股票价格满足CEV且受布朗运动和泊松过程共同驱动的模型下,对支付交易费用的交换期权定价进行研究,给出了期权价格满足的偏微分方程,并发现定价模型中股票价格的幂指数与波动率弹性α的选取有关,同时交易费用受泊松强度参数λ的影响,且随着λ的变大而变小.     

基太阳热辐射变化的绿地类型对降温影响分析(英文)

[目的]研究太阳热辐射变化下的绿地类型对降温的影响。[方法]对夏季居住区的5种不同绿地类型(大乔木、小乔木、灌木、草本和裸地)在同一太阳热辐射条件下产生的不同降温效果,及其随日进程过程中的变化规律进行研究。[结果]绿地中的温度变化主要随太阳热辐射强度的日变化而变化,但其中以大乔木为主的绿地,通过树冠层对太阳热辐射的吸收、转移和反射作用,较大缓解了下垫面的温度环境,其下垫面温度与太阳热辐射的相关性R=0.156,降温达1.9℃,而草坪下垫面温度与太阳热辐射的相关性高达R=0.820,仅降温0.6℃,两者的表层温度相比,草坪要比大乔木高2.9℃。[结论]该研究中绿地树冠表温与气温线性关系的建立有助于为今后对较大规模数量的绿地温度测量提供新的方法。     

新疆塔城地区滴灌玉米施肥现状与减施对策

对新疆塔城地区滴灌玉米生产施肥现状进行3年的农户调研,分析玉米施肥中存在的主要问题,提出相应解决途径.调研结果表明,化肥平均施用量为N 378 kg/hm2,P2O5189 kg/hm2,K20 56 kg/hm2,氮磷投入明显高于全国平均水平;氮肥偏生产力44.2 kg/kg,低于全国平均水平;磷肥基施农户平均占比5...     

The impact of cronartium flaccidum on the growth of pinus sylvestris

The blister rust of two‐needle pines in Europe is caused by the rust fungus, Cronartium flaccidum (Alb. Schw.) Wint. There are two races of the fungus: One host‐alternating and another pine‐to‐pine race. The latter race is considered to be more common in northern Sweden. The impact of this rust on growth of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) was investigated in three selected stands in northern Sweden. Radial stem increment was reduced 40–70% by severe attacks and 20–40% by minor attacks. The reduction of stem volume growth was probably greater. The faster growing trees seemd to be more severely attacked. Trees growing on poor soils appeared to lose almost as much growth capacity from a minor attack as from a severe attack.     

辽河三角洲地区高产水稻氮肥投入阈值及利用率

通过6年的定位试验,在辽河三角洲地区研究了氮肥用量对粳稻产量和经济效益的影响,确定了本地区水稻氮肥适宜用量和减施标准。试验于2011~2016年在辽宁省盘锦市盘山县开展,6个氮肥用量分别为N 0、160、210、260、315、420 kg/hm~2。结果表明:高量施氮显著降低了水稻的有效穗数、千粒重,增加了秕谷率,导致产量显著下降;氮肥回收利用率、农学利用率表现为N160=N210N260N315N420,偏生产力表现为N160N210N260N315N420,氮肥回收利用率和农学利用率年际间变化呈现逐年升高的趋势;2011~2012年目标产量施氮量和最佳经济效益施氮量呈逐渐增加趋势,2013年后趋于平稳。综合考虑水稻产量和经济效益,确定辽河三角洲地区氮肥施用阈值为210~245 kg/hm~2,较现行农民习惯施氮量降低5.77%~19.23%。     

Reducing Antimicrobial Usage in Pig Production without Jeopardizing Production Parameters

Antimicrobial usage (AMU) has been described to be high in pig production. Although farmers are aware of the high usage, little is known about intervention to improve the situation. This study evaluated the extent to which AMU could be reduced in pig production by the optimization of herd management, biosecurity status, vaccination strategy, anthelmintic therapy and advice on prudent AMU. Furthermore, the effects of these interventions on the herd production results were explored. This intervention study was conducted on 61 Flemish pig herds and included three visits per herd. During the initial visit, information was gathered on herd management, biosecurity status (quantified by means of the Biocheck.UGent^? risk‐based scoring system), vaccination strategy, anthelmintic therapy and AMU. This info was then translated into a herd‐specific action plan which was discussed with the farmer and herd veterinarian/other advisors during the second visit. In the final herd visit (±8 months later), comparable data were obtained to evaluate the progress. Overall, a significant improvement of 2.4 points external and 7 points internal biosecurity on the herds was obtained, combined with additional vaccination, anthelmintic therapy and prudent AMU. This was accompanied by a significant reduction in the AMU with a decrease of 52% for the pigs from birth till slaughter and 32% for breeding animals, based on treatment incidences (TIs) and included an important reduction in the use of critically important antimicrobials. More importantly, the increased biosecurity levels and decreased AMU were combined with significantly improved technical results such as the number of weaned piglets per sow per year (+1.1), daily weight gain (+5.9 g/day) and mortality in the finisher period (?0.6%). Guided interventions as a team effort of farmer and herd veterinarian/other advisors have shown to be a promising method in the reduction of AMU in pig production.     

南方红壤区农田道路强降雨侵蚀过程试验

以南方红壤区江西水土保持生态科技园为研究区,通过野外调查选择4种典型农田道路(即裸露土路、碎石道路、泥结石路和植草土路)设置12个原位试验小区,采用人工模拟降雨试验研究了3.0 mm/min强降雨条件下农田道路侵蚀过程及特征。结果表明:被高度压实的农田道路产流时间短(小于2 min),并在2～6 min内径流趋于平稳,径流系数高达65%以上;农田道路产流初期侵蚀率较大,随后下降并在一段时间内趋于稳定。降雨后期,裸露土路路面出现细沟和微型切沟导致侵蚀率有所增大;与裸露土路相比,碎石道路、泥结石路和植草土路均可以改变路面径流的水力学特征,实现土质道路防护和减少侵蚀产沙的作用,减沙效益最低也可达40%左右,并以植草土路的水土保持效果最佳。     

不同重金属离子对异化铁(Ⅲ)还原过程的影响

以水稻土土壤浸提液作微生物接种液,人工合成的F e(OH)3为唯一电子受体,测定了厌氧培养过程中F e(Ⅱ)浓度的变化,探讨了添加Cu2+,Zn2+,Pb2+,Cd2+,Hg2+和A s5+对铁还原过程的影响及添加不同浓度Cu2+和Hg2+对F e(Ⅱ)浓度的影响,并以土壤中添加不同浓度的Cu2+试验作为对比。结果表明,不同重金属对异化铁还原影响不同,在同一浓度的几种重金属中,Cu2+和Hg2+对异化铁还原抑制最强;不同浓度Cu2+和Hg2+对异化铁还原有不同程度的抑制,主要表现在增加异化铁还原发生前的时间,减慢异化铁还原的速率,当Cu2+和Hg2+浓度增加到一定程度时异化铁还原几乎不发生;水稻土中含有大量铜时,铁还原也会被抑制;添加外源氧化铁可以减轻铜对水稻土铁还原的影响。