Transgenic sorghum with suppressed synthesis of kafirin subclasses: Effects on flour and dough rheological characteristics

Arising from work showing that conventionally bred high protein digestibility sorghum types have improved flour and dough functionality, the flour and dough properties of transgenic biofortified sorghum lines with increased protein digestibility and high lysine content (TG-HD) resulting from suppressed synthesis of several kafirin subclasses, especially the cysteine-rich γ-kafirin, were studied. TG-HD sorghums had higher flour water solubility at 30 °C (p < 0.05) and much higher paste viscosity (41% higher) than their null controls (NC). TG-HD doughs were twice as strong as their NC and dynamic rheological analysis indicated that the TG doughs were somewhat more elastic up to 90 °C. CLSM of doughs and pastes indicated that TG-HD had a less compact endosperm protein matrix surround the starch compared to their NC. The improved flour and dough functional properties of the TG-HD sorghums seem to be caused by reduced endosperm compactness resulting from suppression of synthesis of several kafirin subclasses which modifies protein body and protein matrix structure, and to improved protein-starch interaction through hydrogen bonding specifically caused by reduction in the level of the hydrophobic γ-kafirin. The improved flour functionality of these transgenic biofortified sorghums can increase their commercial utility by complementing their improved nutritional quality.     

地膜覆盖对冬小麦下一代幼苗性状的影响

对地膜穴播、膜侧沟播、露地条播冬小麦主要农艺性状、下一代幼苗性状的研究,结果表明：地膜覆盖栽培可使单株分蘖数,穗粒数,穗粒重,单产增加,但分蘖成穗率,根/冠比小,基部节间延长,抗倒伏性降低;灌浆早、灌浆速率快,种子成熟早、种子生命力旺盛,下一代幼苗期单株干重、耐寒、耐旱、耐高温能力较强。     

Petiole and leaf nitrate studies in sunflower

Abstract

This study was conducted at two sites in Mississippi to determine whether petiole and leaf NO^‐ ₃ monitoring could be used as a management tool in making fertilizer N recommendations for sunflower (Hellanthus annuus L.). Petiole and leaf samples were taken at the four leaf stage at both sites, and later at two week intervals at Brooksville. Petiole and leaf NO^‐ ₃ at the four leaf stage was significantly influenced by rate of N application at both sites. The level of petiole and leaf NO^‐ ₃ was highly correlated with rate of N application as well as with seed yield. The concentration of NO^‐ ₃ in petioles and leaves was greatest at the four leaf stage and showed quadratic declines as the season progressed. Petiole and leaf NO^‐ ₃ showed the highest correlations with rate of N application and seed yield at the four leaf stage than at any other sampling time at Brooksville, indicating that this was the “best” period for taking petiole and leaf samples. However, analysis of petioles and leaves at the four leaf growth stage for NO^‐ ₃ may have limited potential of becoming a useful tool in making N fertilizer recommendations for sunflower. This is due to the sensitivity of both petiole and leaf NO^‐ ₃ to time of sampling and locational differences, as well as lack of information on response of sunflower to N applied after this stage of growth.     

高留胚糯稻突变体原胚糯的选育与营养成分分析

为创新高营养糯稻品种,采用250 Gy60Co-γ射线诱变处理宁粳3号种子,结合组织培养技术,选育出留胚率高达80%以上的优质高产抗病糯稻突变体原胚糯;同时,对原胚糯留胚米、宁粳3号糙米和精米进行蛋白质、矿物质、氨基酸等营养成分的测定,并对三者进行比较分析。结果表明,原胚糯留胚米蛋白质含量达8.25%,主要矿物质K、Ca、Mg、Na、Gu、Zn、Fe含量分别为898.41、107.55、95.13、21.39、1.11、12.12、10.51 mg·kg~(-1),17种氨基酸总含量达117.2 g·kg~(-1),人体必需氨基酸含量达39.6g·kg~(-1),均显著高于宁粳3号精米,具有与宁粳3号糙米相当的营养价值。本研究结果为进一步开发和利用原胚糯奠定了基础。     

非物质文化遗产主题公园设计探析——以河北白沟文化公园为例

遗产类主题公园是园林设计的一个新课题。主题公园能够运用多元化的表现手法将非物质文化遗产的保护、传承融于一体,是新时期非物质文化遗产保护和开发中不可多得的物化载体。本文以白沟非物质文化遗产公园设计为例,公园定位以展示河北省非物质文化遗产宝库中的精华为背景和景观素材;设计的基本思想是从数量众多的非物质文化遗产中提炼出设计元素并与公园的整体设计紧密联系在一起;总体布局力求做到历史风貌、现状地形和游憩功能三者的有机结合。     

不同药剂混配组合对二化螟的防治效果

选用毒死蜱、氯虫苯甲酰胺、阿维菌素和甲维盐4种化学药剂的单剂及其混配组合,在室内对二化螟进行了毒力测定,筛选出最佳混配比例（有效成分）：毒死蜱与甲维盐（1∶1）、毒死蜱与氯虫苯甲酰胺（10∶1）、阿维菌素与氯虫苯甲酰胺（1∶1）、 阿维菌素与毒死蜱（1∶1）, 其共毒系数分别为376.77、 254.84、 247.10和682.34。 田间试验结果表明,室内所获得的混配组合对二化螟的防治效果均达到76.4%以上,可有效防治二化螟,且对水稻生长安全。     

南瓜汁的酶解法制取及其在发酵面制品中的应用

研究了南瓜酶法制汁工艺,确定了最佳酶法制汁工艺参数。结果表明:面粉中添加一定量的南瓜能够改善制品的色泽,增加制品的光泽,还能改善产品的质地和风味。但添加量过高会直接影响制品的感官品质,降低面坯的发酵速度;添加过少则失去研究的意义。500 g面粉中添加125 g南瓜汁、3 g酵母调制面团,经2 h发酵,所得制品最优。     

罗氏沼虾低温有水保活试验

通过对保活温度(12、15、17、20、23、25 ℃),虾与水质量比(1∶6、1∶8、1∶10、1∶12、1∶15)和暂养时间(0、12、24、36、48 h) 3个因素的单因素试验和正交试验,确定罗氏沼虾低温保活的最佳工艺条件,并检测低温保活过程中的水质指标及肌肉、血液、肝脏等虾体组织指标的变化,探究影响罗氏沼虾的保活机理。结果表明：罗氏沼虾的临界温度为9 ℃;单因素试验中,最佳保活温度为20 ℃,最佳虾与水质量比为1∶10,最佳暂养时间为24 h;正交试验中,最优工艺为保活温度20 ℃、虾与水质量比1∶12、暂养时间24 h,保活24 h内存活率可达100%;以正交优化后的最优工艺条件进行罗氏沼虾的低温保活试验,水样中氨氮质量浓度和菌落总数显著上升(P＜0.05),但溶解氧质量浓度、pH均仍在适宜罗氏沼虾存活范围内变化,肌肉糖原质量分数、pH和三磷酸腺苷(ATP)质量分数下降,乳酸浓度显著上升(P＜0.05),血液谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)活力显著上升(P＜0.05),肝脏糖原质量分数显著下降(P＜0.05),总超氧化物歧化酶(T–SOD)活力先降后升,而丙二醛(MDA)含量则先升后降。说明水质指标的变化会影响虾体肌肉、血液及肝脏各组织正常的生理代谢,从而影响其保活时间和存活率。     

河南银杏核用品种种核特征比较研究

对河南银杏主产区10个银杏栽培品种的种核形态、种核性状、各性状之间的相关系数、种仁可溶性蛋白质含量等进行比较分析.结果表明,不同品种种核性状变异程度不同,核型指数对提高产量有重要意义,不同品种间种仁可溶性蛋白质含量差异较大,有一定的育种潜力.     

论休闲农业景观设计

休闲农业是以农业景观和农村空间为主要吸引物的旅游活动。发展休闲农业有利于拓展旅游空间、实现农业的高产高效和改善农业生态环境。借鉴美国土壤保护局的土地景观分类法,构建休闲农业景观分类系统;根据马斯洛需求层次理论,提出休闲农业景观设计应遵循的原则;最后从景观生态学的角度出发,介绍了休闲农业景观中斑、廊、基的规划设计方法。