基于高光谱成像技术识别水稻纹枯病

【目的】利用高光谱成像技术对水稻纹枯病进行早期的快速无损识别,结合判别分析方法建立相应的鉴别模型。【方法】以健康和感染纹枯病的水稻幼苗为研究对象,采集叶片和冠层各180个样本的380~1 030 nm波段的360条高光谱图像,剔除明显噪声部分后,以440~943 nm波段作为水稻样本的光谱范围,分别用不同的方法预处理获得水稻叶片的光谱曲线。采用偏最小二乘–判别分析(PLS-DA)对不同预处理的光谱建模。采用MNF算法对冠层的原始光谱数据进行特征信息提取,并基于特征信息建立线性判别分析(LDA)模型和误差反向传播神经网络(BPNN)判别模型。【结果】标准正态变量变换(SNV)预处理后建立的PLS-DA模型的预测集判别正确率最高,为92.1%。基于特征信息的LAD和BPNN模型的判别结果优于基于全波段的PLS-DA判别模型。基于最小噪声分离变换特征信息提取的BPNN模型取得了最优效果,建模集和预测集正确率分别达99.1%和98.4%。【结论】采用高光谱成像技术对水稻纹枯病生理特征进行无损鉴别是可行的,本研究为水稻纹枯病的识别提供了一种新方法。     

聚乙烯基木塑复合材料动态弹性模量预测模型1）

以PE基木塑复合材料的动态弹性模量预测模型为研究对象,利用无损检测的方法对PE基木塑复合材料的动态弹性模量进行检测。将制备方式与实验结果分别利用回归预测模型与灰色理论系统的GM（1,N）／GM（1,N,X（0））模型进行拟合预测,结果表明灰色GM（1,N,X（0））模型对PE基木塑复合材料的动态弹性模量有比较好的拟合能力和相对高的预测精度。     

Evaluation of ultrasonic sensor for variable-rate spray applications

Automatic variable-rate sprayers require accurate measurement of canopy size. An estimate of canopy size is made by measuring the distance to the canopy at several elevations above the ground; an ultrasonic sensor was used to determine canopy distance in this study. It is sometimes necessary to conduct spray operations during harsh operating conditions. In this study ultrasonic sensors were subjected to simulated environmental and operating conditions to determine their durability and accuracy. Conditions tested included exposure to extended cold, outdoor temperatures, cross winds, temperature change, dust clouds, travel speeds and spray cloud effects. The root mean square (RMS) error in a series of measurements of the distance to a simulated plant canopy was used to test for significant difference among treatments. After exposure to outdoor cold conditions for 4 months, the RMS error in distance measured by the ultrasonic sensor increased from 3.31 to 3.55 cm, which was not statistically significant. Neither the presence of dust cloud nor the changes in cross-wind speeds over a range from 1.5-7.5 m/s had significant effects on the mean RMS errors. Varying sensor travel speed from 0.8 to 3.0 m/s had no significant influence on sensor detection distances. Increasing ambient temperature from 16.7 to 41.6 °C reduced the detection distance by 5.0 cm. The physical location of the spray nozzle with respect to the ultrasonic sensor had a significant effect on mean RMS errors. The mean RMS errors of sensor distance measurements ranged from 2.3 to 83.0 cm. The RMS errors could be reduced to acceptable values by proper controlling the sensor/spray nozzles spacing on a sprayer. In addition, multiple-synchronized sensors were tested for their measurement stability and accuracy (due to possible cross-talk errors) when mounted on a prototype sprayer. It was found that isolating the pathway of the ultrasonic wave of each sensor reduced detecting interference between sensors during multiple sensor operation. Test methods presented herein may be useful in the design of standardized testing protocols for field use distance sensors.     

驱动式圆盘犁扭矩测定系统的设计

对一种以笔记本电脑为硬件平台的驱动式圆盘犁扭矩数据采集系统,进行田间测试,结果表明,其操作简单,工作性能稳定,测定结果准确,可作为圆盘犁等农业机械田间试验的一种有效测试手段.     

水稻超高产育种的理论和方法

 水稻超高产育种是当前世界性的热门课题，也是难题。现在我国人口已近十二亿，水稻是我国粮食生产的大头。高产更高产，难度越来越大。它的超高产育种，既无现成的理论和方法可循，就只能摸索前进。本文试图将几十年来多少人的汗水心血所凝成的宝贵经验，全面加以分析整理，藉以进一步完善过去所提出的理想株形与优势利用相结合的大方向，优化性状组配以及杂交后代选择标准等理论和方法，以供国内外同行参考试用。     

兽用止痢、止泻中草药制剂的配方及药理鉴定

[目的]研制出具有止痢,止泻功效的兽用中草药配方制剂。[方法]使用该中草药制剂配方对患畜进行临床疗效试验和药理试验。[结果]疗效试验表明,该配方对家畜腹痛、腹泻及粪便变化有较好疗效,治愈率达92%。药理试验表明,该配方对受试动物的胃肠运动有显著的抑制作用,其药物的止痢,止泻的功效极为显著,且对受试动物是安全的,可靠的。[结论]该配方对治疗仔猪白痢,仔猪黄痢,家畜肠胃炎及消化不良性腹泻有独特的疗效,可用于兽医临床、也可作为饲料添加剂。     

加州鲈迟缓爱德华氏菌病的检测和防治

以江苏省吴江市八坼镇区域养殖场加州鲈鱼病鱼的细菌性病原体为研究对象。通过分离纯化,形态学观察,结合16S rRNA基因序列同源性检索,对该病原菌进行初步判断。同时进行药敏实验,了解该病原菌对各种抗生素的耐药性和敏感程度。研究结果:分离纯化得到2株纯菌株L2F和L2P2,革兰染色均呈红色,阴性杆状菌。16S rDNA序列分析,L2F和L2P2菌株与迟缓爱德华氏菌(Edwardsiella tarda)的同源性达99%。初步判断该菌为迟缓爱德华氏菌。药敏实验结果,该菌对磺胺异恶唑、链霉素和利福平等药物不敏感或耐药,对左氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星、恩诺沙星、强力霉素、氟苯尼考、头孢哌酮相对敏感。     

人工控制自然交尾条件下中国对虾父本的微卫星识别

人工控制自然交尾条件下,在保持中国对虾雌、雄5∶1的交配比率下,获得了两尾交尾并产生子代的雌虾,同时有4个疑似父本需要识别.利用3个微卫星引物及其组成的三重PCR技术对4个疑似父本进行了鉴别,准确的找到了相应的与雌虾交尾的雄虾.这为建立半同胞家系提供了一种新的技术和思路.     

First report of Shewanella sp. and Listonella sp. infection in freshwater cultured loach,Misgurnus anguillicaudatus

A novel disease outbreak occurred among cultured loach, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus in China. The diseased fish displayed lethargy, loss of appetite, black discolouration, anasarca and ventral skin hyperaemia. Clinical signs were observed in most of the fish examined, which consisted of discoloured liver, swollen spleen and petechial haemorrhage in the intestine and peritoneal membranes. The causative agent was found to be two species of bacteria by experimental infection, identified as Shewanella sp. and Listonella sp. The result showed that these were likely to be Shewanella putrefaciens and Listonella anguillarum respectively. Bacterial identification consisted of physiological and biochemical tests as well as 16S rRNA sequence analysis. In addition, antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed, revealing that Shewanella putrefaciens and Listonella anguillarum were susceptible to enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, pipemidicacid and norfloxacin. This is the first report of S. putrefaciens and L. anguillarum from cultured loach.     

西洋参种苗质量标准的研究

通过对36份西洋参种苗的质量研究,据种苗根重及根长2项指标,制定了西洋参种苗分级标准。种苗分级标准为:1年生根重≥1.61,根长≥4.04,2年生根重≥3.26,根长≥9.64,3年生根重≥10.13,根长≥20.25划为Ⅰ级种苗;1年生根重在1.47～1.61之间,根长在3.66～4.04之间,2年生根重在2.97～3.26之间,根长在8.76～9.64之间,3年生根重在8.31～10.13之间,根长在17.76～20.25之间划为Ⅱ级种苗;1年生根重≥1.33,根长≥3.36,2年生根重≥2.69,根长≥8.03,3年生根重≥6.61,根长≥15.72划为Ⅲ级种苗;其余为不合格种苗。