诊断施肥综合法在果树营养诊断上的应用研究进展

对诊断施肥综台法(DRIS)有关参数的计算以及在果树叶片矿质营养诊断方面的应用进行了综述，并提出了需要进一步解决的问题。     

Fitting plants to soil through mycorrhizal fungi: plant nutrition in host-endophyte combinations evaluated by the diagnosis and recommendation integrated system

Summary Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi improve plant growth in marginal soils. This study was conducted to determine the effects of three species of VAM fungi on plant nutrition in two cultivars of corn (Zea mays L.) and one of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.). Plants were grown in pot cultures under controlled (greenhouse) conditions in a soil high in K, Mg, and P, and low in Ca and N, and were supplied with amounts of VAM-fungal inocula in which equal numbers of infective propagules had previously been determined. Analysis of variance showed highly significant main effects and interactions due to both factors (plant and fungus) for N, P, Ca, and Mg. For K, only plant effects were significant (P<0.043). The uptake of nutrients was selectively enhanced or inhibited by one or the other VAM fungus relative to non-VAM control plants. In sunflower, N concentration was markedly enhanced (73%) by the mixed inoculum of the three fungi, even though individual effects were not significant. Evaluation of leaf nutrient analyses by the Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) revealed the utility of this system to rank nutritional effects by VAM fungi in an order of relative nutrient deficiency. The DRIS therefore is seen as a useful tool in evaluating and selecting VAM fungi for the alleviation of specific nutrient disorders.Work was funded by the Program in Science and Technology Cooperation, Office of the Science Advisor, Agency for International Development, as Project No. 8.055, and was conducted in collaboration at the Colegio de Postgraduados and the Western Regional Research Center     

“燕山早丰”板栗叶片DRIS营养诊断研究

通过对23个代表性栗园叶片矿质营养分析,采用诊断施肥综合法（DRIS）对迁西板栗 燕山早丰（Castanea mollissima cv. zaofeng）进行叶片营养诊断,旨在为迁西燕山早丰的营养诊断和平衡施肥提供参考。结果表明,1）迁西燕山早丰叶片N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu、B的适宜含量分别为 （1.9970.169）%、（0.1300.012）%、（0.5710.059）%、（1.2950.112）%、（0.6790.075）%、685.87576.159 mg/kg、593.780131.690 mg/kg、 12.7261.507 mg/kg、 43.4187.889 mg/kg。 2）初步制定了DRIS指数分级标准,提出了燕山早丰板栗园N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu、B的DRIS指数适宜范围分别为: -2.267 ~1.894、-2.157~ 2.108、-2.080~ 2.450、-1.719~1.224、-3.960~2.962、-1.807 ~1.510、 -3.002~4.079、 -0.826~0.943、 -2.127~2.773。3）不同地区代表性栗园的养分需求顺序不同,养分不平衡指数（NII）与板栗园产量间呈极显著负相关关系（P0.01）,迁西县西北和西南地区的板栗园普遍存在Mn缺乏的问题。4）相关分析显示,7月中旬叶片矿质元素间的正相关和负相关关系均未达到显著水平（P0.05）,是夏季追肥的理想时期,可避免因元素间拮抗作用导致的肥效损失。     

Soil fertility and yield-limiting nutrients in oil palm plantations of north-eastern state Mizoram of India

A survey was conducted for assessment of soil fertility status, leaf nutrient concentration and finding yield-limiting nutrients of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) plantations in Mizoram state situated in the northeastern part of India. Soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic carbon (OC), available potassium (K), available phosphorus (P) (Bray's-P), exchangeable calcium (Ca) (Exch. Ca) and magnesium (Mg) (Exch. Mg), available sulfur (S) (CaCl₂-S), and hot-water-soluble boron (B) (HWB) content in surface (0–20 cm depth) and subsurface (20–40 cm depth) soil layers varied widely. Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) norms were established for different nutrient expressions, and DRIS indices were computed. As per DRIS indices, the order of requirement of nutrients was found to be B > K > Mg > P > nitrogen (N). Optimum leaf nutrient ranges as per DRIS norms varied from 1.91% to 2.95%, 0.46% to 0.65%, 0.63% to 1.00%, 0.48% to 0.88%, and 9.41 to 31.0 mg kg^?1 for N, P, K, Mg, and B, respectively. On the basis of DRIS-derived optimum ranges, 32%, 9%, 27%, 12%, and 12% leaf samples had less than optimum concentration of N, P, K, Mg, and B, respectively. The optimum ranges developed could be used as a guide for routine diagnostic and advisory purpose for efficient fertilizer application.     

2种不同岩性土壤上施肥后闽楠叶片DRIS营养诊断

研究闽楠基于2种不同岩性土壤上造林后的施肥响应，通过诊断施肥综合法（DRIS）为造林后闽楠养分管理和平衡施肥提供参考依据。 以2年生闽楠苗作为试验材料，在板岩（B）、煤系砂页岩（M）发育形成的土壤上设置N、P、K 3因素二次回归正交施肥试验，并采用DRIS图解法和指数法对2种不同的岩性土壤各处理组的闽楠叶片进行营养诊断以及养分临界值范围划分。结果表明，在板岩（B）土壤上，闽楠叶片元素的最佳比值范围分别为N/P=17.713±2.522，N/K=2.939±0.406，P/K=6.088±0.656；煤系砂页岩（M）土壤上，叶片元素的最佳比值范围为P/N=0.048±0.004、K/N=0.356±0.044、P/K=0.138±0.006。板岩土壤上，闽楠各处理对养分的需求次序均表现为P>K>N，低产组养分不平衡指数（NII）最大且不平衡程度更大，但其中以B10处理更趋于平衡；煤系砂页岩土壤上，闽楠各处理对养分需求次序表现为N>K>P，同板岩一样其低产组不平衡程度也最大，以M12的养分更趋于平衡状态。通过DRIS指数临界标准划分，板岩上闽楠叶片各元素的适宜质量分数范围为:N=18.961~26.010 g/kg，P=1.032~1.577 g/kg，K=6.046~9.709 g/kg；煤系砂页岩上为:N=20.050~29.730 g/kg，P=1.152~1.218 g/kg，K=8.167~9.073 g/kg。对2种岩性土壤上闽楠施肥后的营养诊断结果表明，板岩土壤上以B10处理即施用N:0 g·株^-1、P:6 g·株^-1、K:5 g·株^-1时对闽楠生长更有利；煤系砂页岩土壤上以M12施用N:12.5 g·株^-1、P:0 g·株^-1、K:5 g·株^-1时更适宜闽楠生长，但培育过程中应多注意根据闽楠生长养分的适宜范围对缺乏和过剩的养分及时调整以更好达到平衡养分的目的。