红脂大小蠹及油松挥发物对捕食性天敌寄主选择行为的影响

利用树木解剖及昆虫饲养选择的方法调查红脂大小蠹的捕食性天敌,发现一种鞘翅目颚甲科的昆虫为红脂大小蠹的天敌.利用Y-型嗅觉仪进一步研究发现健康油松挥发物、虫害油松挥发物及虫粪挥发物对该天敌昆虫都有显著的引诱作用,尤其对虫害油松挥发物趋向行为更强烈.该天敌昆虫在栖境定位和寄主选择过程中所利用的挥发物主要来自上述3类挥发物.4种单萜烯化合物对此种天敌昆虫的室内引诱实验发现,(S)-( )-3-蒈烯对天敌的引诱作用较为强烈.     

Genetic variation in a Norwegian germplasm collection of white clover (Trifolium repens L.)

Phenotypic (r_p), genotypic (r_g), genotype × location (r_gl) and error (r_e)correlations for important agronomic characters were estimated for eleven Norwegian populations of white clover (Trifolium repens L.), originating from between 58^°52′N and 69^°30′N latitude, and from altitudes of 10 to 450 m a.s.l. The populations were evaluated in monoculture clonal field plots for two years at two locations in Norway. All pairwise correlations between foliage height, leaflet length, dry matter yield (DMY) and general performance were positive and significant. Winter survival was positively correlated with general performance, spring growth and DMY, but negatively associated with internode length, while seed yield showed a small positive genotypic correlation with foliage height. Considerable differences were, however, revealed among populations with regard to sign and magnitude of the estimated correlations. Within-population estimates of r_g were consistently positive between DMY, general performance and most other characters; between foliage height on the one hand and leaflet length, winter survival and seed yield on the other hand, and between internode length and leaflet length, indicating pleiotropy. Correlations involving other character-combinations varied substantially among populations, and imply presence of linkage and/or coadaptation. Path coefficient analysis was used to partition the genotypic correlations between some of the characters into direct and indirect effects. Path coefficients revealed that foliage height had the highest positive direct effect on DMY, followed by winter survival and internode length. Leaflet length, which showed a positive, significant simple correlation with DMY, exhibited a negligible direct influence, counterbalanced nearly completely by the positive indirect effect on DMY via foliage height. Positive indirect effects on DMY via foliage height were also found for winter survival and internode length. The coastal populations from North and Middle Norway, and a southern highland population showed the largest expected responses to phenotypic selection for most of the characters. The results demonstrate that there is enough genetic variation in adapted local populations to develop new improved cultivars adapted to high-latitude environments that combine upright growth habit with sufficient winter-hardiness and persistency. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Genetic analysis of late blight resistance in Solanum pimpinellifolium accession PI 270441: Heritability and response to selection

Late blight (LB), caused by Phytophthora infestans, is a destructive disease of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) worldwide. Currently, there are few commercial cultivars of tomato with resistance to LB, and the disease is mainly controlled by heavy use of fungicides. Due to the emergence of fungicide‐resistant pathogen isolates, there is a concerted effort to identify new genetic sources of resistance and breed new resistant cultivars. A recent screening identified several new tomato accessions with strong resistance to LB. Here, we report on the genetic basis of LB resistance in S. pimpinellifolium accession PI 270441, as determined by generation means analysis and analysis of response to selection, using populations derived from crosses with LB‐susceptible breeding line Fla. 8059. Heritability of LB resistance ranged from 0.76 to 0.78, and the minimum number of genes was estimated 1—few. These results suggest that transfer of LB resistance from PI 270441 to the cultivated tomato should be feasible via a traditional backcross breeding approach. Genetic mapping studies are underway to identify molecular markers associated with resistance in this accession.     

几个沙棘品种抗逆性试验研究

根据寒温带半干旱地区的自然条件,选择耐盐碱性、耐寒性、耐水湿三项指标在温室盆钵内对HF-14、HF-4两个沙棘优良无性系及对照品种(楚伊)进行人工模拟抗逆性测定。其结果为:3个无性系对盐碱的耐受性均较强并无明显差别,可在中度以下盐碱地上栽培;3个无性系具有一定的耐旱能力,但在长期持续干旱条件下,生长量明显下降,生长势衰弱,增加感病机会,应给予灌溉,3个无性系的耐旱次序为HF-4>HF-14>楚伊;3个无性系对水湿条件的耐受力基本相同,在长期积水的条件下,根系不发育,生长受到抑制,栽植沙棘不应选择低洼内涝,排水不良的地块。     

青岛市园林绿化树种的调查研究

本项研究通过生态调查法调查了青岛市内356条道路的行道树;公园、山头、小区、学校等28个地块92个样方的乔木和灌木。通过调查发现法桐、黑松、刺槐、雪松、樱花、小龙柏、金叶女贞、大叶黄杨、红叶小蘖等使用率较高,数量较多;白皮松、侧柏、糯米条、溲疏等生长较好,但是应用比较少。对青岛市园林绿化树种的总体应用状况作出了一个较为客观公正的评价。     

月季切花不同品种衰老征兆及瓶插寿命的比较

 对11 个月季切花品种在瓶插期间的开花指数、花径变化、衰老征兆进行了观测, 并研究了这些指标与瓶插寿命的关系。结果表明: 不同品种其开花指数、花径变化及瓶插寿命存在明显差异; 月季切花衰老的征兆有萎蔫、落瓣、弯颈、褪色、蓝变、褐变、焦边,且这些衰老征兆在瓶插末期同时出现或先后出现。     

二十三个柚品种特性评价

对1965年定植的23个柚(Citrus grandis Osbeck)品种进行了20多年的性状比较。筛选出矮化类型6个,早熟和晚熟类型各3个,丰产类型6个,品质优良类型11个。发现仅有部分柚品种富含维生素C;果汁中维生素C含量与酸含量呈明显负相关。证实长寿沙田柚中的冬瓜圈和古老钱两个选系比广西沙田柚更丰产优质;垫江白柚质优,但产量低。简述了各参试品种的利用前途。     

绒山羊结构基因标记座位与经济性状关系的研究

通过对127只辽宁绒山羊血液蛋白质座位与经济性状的遗传关系分析，结果表明：PA-32-2型在产绒量和体重两方面的LSE都显著的大于其他基因型，而且PA-3座位的选择反应最大，可以作为多性状标记辅助选择时的标记基因型。其次TfAB型、ESDBB型可作为产绒量的标记基因型，LAPAB型可作为体重的标记基因型。     

现阶段高校自主招生录取问题及对策

我国高校自主招生强调通过考核考生综合素质来选拔适合各校办学特色和育人理念的人才,它一定程度上改变了“唯分数论”的招生模式,是高考改革的有益尝试。文中分析了近年来高校自主招生选拔录取中的问题,对如何在确保公平性的前提下继续扩大招生规模及完善和健全录取机制提出了一些对策。     

纤维素酶产生菌黑曲霉X-15的选育及其产酶条件

突变型黑曲霉（Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｌｒｓ ｎｉｇｅｒ）Ｍ００１分别经紫外线（ＵＶ）、亚消基胍（ＮＴＧ）、ＴＤＰ辐射仪及空间微重力辐射（ＳＣ）等因素的多级循环处理，得到１株形态发生改变的变异菌株Ｘ－１５。其固体培养纤维素酶的滤纸分解酶活力（ＦＰＡ）为１９Ｕ／g，羟甲基纤维素酶（ＣＭＣａｓｅ）活力为４５３Ｕ／g，β－葡萄糖苷酶（β－ｇｌｕａｓｅ）活力为１５４Ｕ／g，与出发菌株Ｍ００１相比，分别为其２．８倍、