小型西瓜果实中番茄红素含量的比较研究

用含2%二氯甲烷的石油醚有机溶剂提取小型西瓜果实中的番茄红素,通过分光光度法在503 nm波长下测定其吸收值,分析比较了不同品种(系)小型西瓜果实中番茄红素含量的差异.研究结果表明,红瓤和粉红瓤小西瓜果实中番茄红素主要在果实发育的后期合成,授粉后第18～24 d是西瓜果实番茄红素合成的关键时期,橙、黄瓤西瓜中番茄红素含量的变化不明显;西瓜果实中番茄红素含量因品种、瓤色差异显著,红瓤品种>粉红瓤品种>橙瓤品种>黄瓤品种,所测红瓤小型西瓜番茄红素含量为56.6～75.2μg/g.     

设施栽培番茄新品种比较试验

对设施栽培的不同番茄品种进行了植物学性状、果实性状、抗病性和产量方面的比较试验,结果表明,法拉利、倍盈、516、7345产量高、果形优、抗病性好,适合温州地区冬季大棚栽培.     

Application of crop growth simulation and mathematical modeling to supply chain management in the Thai sugar industry

The poorly integrated cane supply planning between mills and cane growers in the Northeast of Thailand generates an excess of cane supplies that exceeds the mills’ capacity during the peak of harvest season. Each grower individually determines his/her cultivation plan by selecting planting dates and cultivars based on one’s own preference without taking into account the individual mill’s capacity and other growers’ plans. This situation causes most sugarcane grown in this area to reach its mature stage at the same period. In this study, we propose a framework of cultivation planning to cope with the problem. The focus of the cultivation plan is a long-term plan to determine the cultivation time, the cultivar selection and the corresponding prospective harvesting time window for each field such that overall sugar production is optimized.The crop growth model and a mathematical model are employed for yield simulation and optimization task. The crop growth model enables decision-makers to visualize cane production of each individual field at different dates with different cultivars and allow decision-makers to apply the mathematical programming to cultivation planning. The suggested framework has the potential to increase sugar production by 23% when compared to the traditional method.     

Seed yield and water use efficiency of canola (Brassica napus L.) as affected by high temperature stress and supplemental irrigation

The effects of high temperature stress and supplemental irrigation on seed yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of canola (Brassica napus L.) were studied in a field experiment conducted for 2 years. The experiment was a randomized complete block design arranged in split plot, conducted at Agricultural Research Station of Gonbad, Iran. It was arranged in two conditions, i.e. supplemental irrigation and rainfed. Two cultivars of canola (Hyola401 and RGS003) as subplots were grown at five sowing dates as main plots. The sowing dates were 9 November, 6 December, 5 January, 4 February and 6 March in 2005-2006 and 6 November, 6 December, 5 January, 4 February and 6 March in 2006-2007, to have a wide range of environmental conditions around flowering and seed filling periods, and to coincide reproductive stages of the crop with high temperature stress. Seed yield was improved due to field management practices, such as supplemental irrigation and optimum sowing date. Supplemental irrigation was an efficient practice to mitigate water stress, and to increase aboveground dry matter and seed yield. There was a strongly negative relationship between seed yield and air temperature during reproductive stages. Delay in sowing led to more rapid developmental of canola, decreased aboveground dry matter, leaf area index (LAI), harvest index (HI), WUE, and seed yield. Achieving a high aboveground dry matter was an essential prerequisite for high reproductive growth and a high seed yield. Greater seed yield and WUE at first sowing date were associated with greater LAI and aboveground dry matter, and lower temperatures during reproductive stages. The results support the view that WUE can be used as an indirect selection criterion for seed yield in genotypic selection.     

Integrated effect of transplanting date, cultivar and irrigation on yield, water saving and water productivity of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Indian Punjab: Field and simulation study

Individual effect of different field scale management interventions for water saving in rice viz. changing date of transplanting, cultivar and irrigation schedule on yield, water saving and water productivity is well documented in the literature. However, little is known about their integrated effect. To study that, field experimentation and modeling approach was used. Field experiments were conducted for 2 years (2006 and 2007) at Punjab Agricultural University Farm, Ludhiana on a deep alluvial loamy sand Typic Ustipsamment soils developed under hyper-thermic regime. Treatments included three dates of transplanting (25 May, 10 June and 25 June), two cultivars (PR 118 inbred and RH 257 hybrid) and two irrigation schedules (2-days drainage period and at soil water suction of 16 kPa). The model used was CropSyst, which has already been calibrated for growth (periodic biomass and LAI) of rice and soil water content in two independent experiments. The main findings of the field and simulation studies conducted are compared to any individual, integrated management of transplanting date, cultivar and irrigation, sustained yield (6.3-7.5 t ha⁻¹) and saved substantial amount of water in rice. For example, with two management interventions, i.e. shifting of transplanting date to lower evaporative demand (from 5 May to 25 June) concomitant with growing of short duration hybrid variety (90 days from transplanting to harvest), the total real water saving (wet saving) through reduction in evapotranspiration (ET) was 140 mm, which was almost double than managing the single, i.e. 66 mm by shifting transplanting or 71 mm by growing short duration hybrid variety. Shifting the transplanting date saved water through reduction in soil water evaporation component while growing of short duration variety through reduction in both evaporation and transpiration components of water balance. Managing irrigation water schedule based on soil water suction of 16 kPa at 15-20 cm soil depth, compared to 2-day drainage, did not save water in real (wet saving), however, it resulted into apparent water saving (dry saving). The real crop water productivity (marketable yield/ET) was more by 17% in 25th June transplanted rice than 25th May, 23% in short duration variety than long and 2% in irrigation treatment of 16 kPa soil water suction than 2-days drainage. The corresponding values for the apparent crop water productivity (marketable yield/irrigation water applied) were 16, 20 and 50%, respectively. Pooled experimental data of 2 years showed that with managing irrigation scheduling based on soil water suction of 16 kPa at 15-20 cm soil depth, though 700 mm irrigation water was saved but the associated yield was reduced by 277 kg ha⁻¹.     

油菜机械收获配套农艺技术研究 Ⅰ 不同油菜品种机械收获损失的差异

本文系统地研究了四个油菜品种在机械收获过程中各部位损失量的差异。结果表明：四个油菜品种机械收获损失主要发生在脱粒和清选过程中,占总损失量的80%左右;抗裂角性强的油菜品种可减少自然脱落和割台的损失,但增加了脱粒过程的损失;高产品种虽然机械化收获的损失量最高,但总收获损失率却最低。     

大叶龙茶解剖学、肌动蛋白基因及分子标记的研究

大叶龙茶是来源于江西修水茶科所宁州群体茶园中一株自然突变体形成的大叶并无蕾无性繁殖新品种。对大叶龙茶及其母株的成熟叶片和不同时期的芽进行石蜡切片研究表明,大叶龙茶叶片栅栏组织细胞较长、海绵组织层数增加;大叶龙茶无蕾的原因是由于所有的芽始终保持营养芽的状态所致。首次克隆了茶树3个肌动蛋白基因片段(CS-ACT1,CS-ACT2,CS-ACT3),且都编码225个氨基酸,大叶龙茶与母株及500个BlastX分析获得的肌动蛋白序列在保守结构域F、G、H区有相应的四个氨基酸不同。对大叶龙茶及其母株进行AFLP分析表明,大叶龙茶总带数比母株少,并出现一部分特有带;利用EST-SSR分子标记技术对大叶龙茶及其它常见品种进行研究,表明大叶龙茶等4个修水品种与龙井43有相似的遗传基础。     

稻田春玉米迟熟品种比较及相关性分析研究

2007年在长沙对不同植株高度的8个迟熟杂交玉米品种,进行了品种比较试验以及相关性分析。结果表明,中秆品种登海11号产量最高,达8632．5kg／hm^2,抽雄至成熟期干物质积累速率最快,为6．33g／d·株。春玉米抽雄至成熟期干物质积累速率和收获指数均与穗粒重呈显著正相关,其相关系数分别为0．7598^＊＊和0．4801^＊穗位高、株高均与穗粒重呈负相关,其相关系数分别为-0．5403,-0．3701。     

扬麦16耐迟播早熟特性研究

小麦品种扬麦16自2009年审定以来推广种植面积不断扩大,生产中表现出耐迟播、早熟的特性。为阐明其耐迟播、早熟的生长发育机制,比较了在不同播期(10月20日,早播;11月5日,适播;11月20日,迟播)下扬麦16和当前本地区其他小麦主栽品种的生育特性、群体结构、灌浆特性及产量性状。结果表明,扬麦16在迟播条件下穗粒数和千粒重以及产量下降幅度均最小,稳产性好;扬麦15和扬麦22的早播和适播产量高,而迟播相对于适播的减产幅度大,但减产原因不同,扬麦15穗粒数下降幅度较大,扬麦22则是千粒重下降显著。随着播期的推迟,所有品种的全生育期天数均逐渐缩短。迟播时扬麦16生育期最短,开花期至成熟期天数比其他品种缩短3~5d,但其快速灌浆启动早,持续时间长,灌浆速率峰值大,千粒重高。迟播条件下,扬麦16越冬期茎蘖数、LAI及干物质积累量最大,能保持较大的生长量及分蘖发生量,群体结构协调,这是其迟播高产的基础。扬麦16耐迟播、早熟的特性明显,稳产性好,能满足当前长江中下游麦区小麦迟播早熟的种植需求。     

环境与品种对小麦淀粉理化特性和面条品质的影响

测定了13个小麦品种在3个地点的淀粉理化特性和面条品质,结果表明直链淀粉含量、膨胀势和面条品质主要受遗传因素的控制,品种间变异平方和分别占总变异平方和的57.5%、52.3%和58.6%,但环境因素也有重要影响。RVA主要黏度指标则有所不同,低谷黏度和最终黏度主要受品种的影响,其变异分别占总变异的40.2%和48.0%,而峰值黏