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51.
52.
Stem lodging is a common problem in cereal crop production and a main constraint for grain yield improvement. The leaf sheath that surrounds and protects the hollow internodes of stem could provide the plants with a great physical support. However, this biomechanical function has been ignored for several decades in cereal crops. This study aimed to examine the biomechanical properties of basal stem internodes and lodging susceptibility of the whole plants with or without the clasping leaf sheath in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and oat (Avena sativa L.) among different genotypes and agronomic practices (including planting densities and nitrogen application rates). The main objective was to quantify the mechanical role of the leaf sheath in oat and wheat crops by a “safety factor” method. On average, the leaf sheath contributed 40%, 68% and 38% of the overall stem bending strength, flexural rigidity and safety factor, in oat, while it accounted for 11%, 24% and 10%, respectively, in wheat plants. The significant contribution of the leaf sheath is due to its vital role in enlarging the peripheral position (i.e., second moment of area) and stiffness (i.e., Young's modulus). The contribution ratios (%) were found to be higher in oat than in wheat plants, due to the greater mass density of leaf sheath and more proficient/prevailing stay-green capability in oat genotypes. This study emphasizes the important mechanical role of clasping leaf sheath on stem internodes of cereals and indicates that the stay-green trait of the leaf sheath can be exploited to design appropriate varieties with improved lodging resistance and great yield potential. 相似文献
53.
《Soil Use and Management》2018,34(1):72-84
Soya bean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] yields >6719 kg/ha (100 bu/ac) have only recently and infrequently been achieved. Quantifying soil property differences between high‐ and average‐yielding areas can help to further identify non‐plant‐related properties contributing to soya bean yield potential. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of region and soil depth on soil property differences between high‐ and average‐yielding areas. In each of the seven regions of the ‘Grow for the Green’ yield contest in Arkansas, prior to or just after harvest in 2014 and 2015, soil samples were collected from the top 20 cm of one contest high‐yield (HY ) area that was in close proximity to an average‐yield (AY ) area. Across all regions and both years, soya bean yields differed (P < 0.05) between yield areas, averaging 4701 and 5498 kg/ha in AY and HY areas, respectively. Averaged across soil depth and years, numerous soil properties differed (P < 0.05) between HY and AY areas within at least one of seven regions. Total soil C content was at least 20.2% greater in the HY than in the AY area in three of seven regions. Extractable soil P content was, on average, 19.4 kg/ha greater in HY than in AY areas in three of the seven regions. Results from this study have the potential to help producers better understand soil properties that contribute to or hinder achieving ultra‐high (>6719 kg/ha) soya bean yields. 相似文献
54.
The effects of variety and growth location on grain composition and starch structures were investigated using three rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars (Phka Romduol, Sen Pidao and IR66) with different amylose contents. All the three cultivars were planted in three different agro-climatic zones (Phnom Penh, Coastal and Plateau) of Cambodia. The protein content of polished grains increased when rice was planted at a location with higher average temperature, but their lipid content decreased. The amylose content and degree of branching were not greatly affected by the minor temperature differences among the growing locations. Starch fine structures characterized by the chain-length distribution were significantly different among the cultivars, but not significantly among different locations. The results suggested that protein and lipid biosyntheses were more sensitive to the environmental temperature than that of starch in rice grains. 相似文献
55.
56.
为了探讨施肥及耕作技术集成对木薯地土壤理化、生物性状及木薯产量的影响,本试验共设置5个处理,分别是生物有机肥+测土配方肥+盖膜集雨水+深耕(处理1)、生物有机肥+测土配方肥+盖膜集雨水(处理2)、生物有机肥+测土配方肥+深耕(处理3)、生物有机肥+测土配方肥(处理4)、施通用高浓度复合肥(处理5常规施肥及种植方式作为对照),通过大田试验研究他们对木薯地土壤理化、生物性状及木薯产量的影响。结果表明:与常规施肥及种植方式相比,不同施肥及耕作栽培技术集成处理均可提高木薯地土壤养分含量和含水量,改善土壤理化性状和土壤微生物区系组成。处理1的木薯产量增幅达到35.81%,差异极显著。本试验条件下,木薯最优的施肥及耕作栽培模式是技术综合集成生物有机肥+测土配方肥+盖膜集雨水+深耕(处理1)。 相似文献
57.
吕方婷 《农业图书情报学刊》2020,32(11):22-29
[目的/意义]目前图书馆文化创意产品的开发还处于探索阶段,关注文化产业中相关新概念的产生能够进一步明确把握文化创意产品的核心,并由此来激活更多的创意表达,助力图书馆对于文化创意产品的理解和开发。[方法/过程]通过从IP到文化IP的概念辨析,阐述文化IP与文化创意产品之间的关系。横向比较同类文化机构,分析得出图书馆文化创意产品现有的开发不足之处。[结果/结论]梳理文化IP对图书馆文化创意产品开发流程的影响及重要性,保证开发过程中文化价值不流失的同时也使整个过程能够形成系统化,提出图书馆需要围绕图书馆文化IP开发文化创意产品的3点建议:持续长线塑造文化IP文创、以联盟优势合作开发文创产品以及助推数字文创和跨界合作。 相似文献
58.
本试验旨在研究益生菌大肠杆菌Nissle 1917(Ec N)抗逆性能、猪肠上皮细胞黏附率及抑菌效果。采用体外法对Ec N进行生长曲线绘制和耐酸、耐胆盐、耐热性能的测定;以猪肠上皮细胞IPEC-J2细胞为体外细胞模型,考察了Ec N对该细胞的黏附率以及对致病菌大肠杆菌K88的黏附抑制率;同时通过蛋白质印迹法检测了Ec N对IPEC-J2细胞β-防御素-2和Toll样受体4的水平的影响。结果表明:1)Ec N对高酸、高胆盐和高温环境具有一定耐受能力。2)Ec N对IPEC-J2细胞的黏附作用以对数期最佳,黏附率达33.96%,显著高于迟缓期、稳定期和衰亡期(P0.05)。3)Ec N对致病菌大肠杆菌K88具有良好的抑制效果,黏附抑制率达87.84%。4)Ec N还能上调IPEC-J2细胞β-防御素-2和Toll样受体4水平。结果提示,益生菌Ec N具有较好的抗逆性能,能够良好地黏附猪肠上皮细胞,对致病菌大肠杆菌K88具有良好的抑制作用。 相似文献
59.
Land degradation is a global problem. Best management of degraded land can be done by evaluating the spatial variability of soil properties including chemical properties of degraded land and mapping such variations. Since, a significant portion of arable land in India is chemically degraded due to soil acidity; the present study was conducted to study the spatial variability of soil acidity (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), soil organic carbon (OC) content, exchangeable potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) contents in some cropped acid soils of India. A total of four hundred (one hundred from each series) representative surface (0–0.15 m depth) soil samples were collected from arable soils representing four soil series namely Hariharapur, Debatoli, Rajpora and Neeleswaram situated in Orissa, Jharkhand, Himachal Pradesh and Kerala states of India, respectively, and were analyzed. Soil acidity (pH between 3.90 and 6.45) showed a low variability, in contrast to other soil properties, which showed moderate variability. The coefficients of variation varied from 32.4 to 74.3, 31.2 to 50.9, 45.6 to 100, 71.9 to 93.0 and 59.0 to 79.8% for EC (mean between 0.05 and 0.09 dS m−1), OC (mean between 0.29 to 1.86%), exchangeable K+ (mean between 39.1 and 77.7 mg kg−1), Ca2+ (mean between 148 and 293 mg kg−1) and Mg2+ (mean between 111 and 191 mg kg−1), respectively. Soil pH and OC content were positively and significantly correlated with exchangeable K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ content. Geostatistical analysis revealed that the best fit models were gaussian, exponential and spherical for different soil properties with moderate to strong spatial dependency. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
60.
塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地人工绿地土壤及其影响因子分析研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地绿地建设长期使用4.0g/L以上的高矿 化度地下水及生活污水灌溉,对土壤的理化、生化性质产生了重大影响.通过6年的定位试验 观测,数据表明原沙漠腹地风沙土0~2m内可溶性离子总量下降,2m以下增加;土壤粘粒、 有机质含量增加;土壤容重降低;土壤紧实度除表层以外,各层土壤由紧变松;土壤肥力显 著增强;土壤微生物的数量大幅增加,生物活性趋强. 相似文献