水稻土CH4产生潜力及其影响因素

培养试验所用15种水稻土样品采自全国各主要稻米产区。15种水稻土产CH4潜力差异很大,厌氧培养CH4产生率显著大于好氧培养,整个培养期(132d)总CH4产生量的变化范围为1.18～1180μgg-1(厌氧培养)和0.41～136μgg-1(好氧培养)。土壤CH4产生量受与土壤有机质含量有关的有机碳和全氮含量的显著影响,而与活性铁锰含量、颗粒组成、阳离子交换量、土壤pH等其他土壤理化性质之间无显著相关性,表明土壤有机质含量是影响CH4产生的最重要土壤性质。与类似试验的结果比较说明,土壤有机质含量对CH4产生量的影响程度可能与土样代表的空间尺度有关。     

辣椒热风干燥特性的研究(简报)

为了为辣椒热风干燥及设备参数的调整提供理论依据,该文对辣椒进行热风干燥试验,研究其在不同热风温度、风速和装载厚度条件下的热风干燥特性.分析试验得出的不同条件下的干燥特性曲线,然后运用Marlab软件对散点图进行有效拟合,并将其转化成干燥速率曲线.结果表明:温度对辣椒干燥的影响最大,其次为风速和装载厚度;辣椒的干燥过程在初期的大多数时间内处于恒速干燥阶段,然后则处于缓慢降速干燥阶段.     

江淮丘陵地区棉花需水量与需水规律及灌溉增产效果研究

通过对江淮丘陵地区棉花的需水量与需水规律的3年试验研究,得出该地区棉花大田生长期需水量、阶段需水强度和灌溉增产效果。     

英国农业革命及其启示略论

英国农业革命是英国由传统的农业社会迈向工业文明的桥梁,经历了大约300年的时间,使农业劳动生产率得以大幅度提高,农业达到了前所未有的辉煌程度。本文从中英农业转型的角度,对中国农业现代化提出一些政策性建议。     

减量配施腐植酸肥对连作马铃薯及土壤的影响

当前马铃薯生产中,农民过量及盲目施肥现象严重,造成生产成本增加、土壤理化性状恶化、环境污染加剧等问题,为解决这类问题,确定合理减量施肥量,有效指导马铃薯科学种植,特开展试验.选用常用复合肥、腐植酸复合肥及腐植酸控释氮肥3种不同类型肥料为基肥,每种肥料分别设置常量施肥和减量30％施肥两个处理,共6个处理.通过测定马铃薯产...     

农村集体产权制度改革的后续管理探讨

众所周知,我国当前正在大力推进农村集体产权制度改革事业,力求农村集体经济组织成员 切身利益能够得到强有力的维护,并且在众多改革试点中成效非常明显,全面加强后续管理就成为今 后最突出的任务。为此,文章就在分析农村集体产权制度改革的侧重点基础上,从立足改革的目标、 目的、范围,明确后续管理工作的关键;强调组织成员身份与股权管理,体现后续管理的核心所在;全 面强化后续管理的保障措施,后续管理方案大力推进三个方面出发,针对后续管理方案加以论述。     

Extensional rheological properties in mixed and fermented/rested dough and relationships with steamed bread quality

In this study, sixteen wheat varieties for cultivation in China were examined for the flour characteristics using the farinograph, extensograph and rheofermentometer, uniaxial extensional rheology employing the extensograph and the Kieffer extensibility rig and biaxial extension by uniaxial compression of mixed dough with and without yeast, rested and fermented dough, and steamed bread quality including specific volume and texture properties. Three statistical analysis methods including Pearson correlation, principle component and stepwise multiple regression analysis were carried out to correlate dough properties with steamed bread quality. Biaxial extension viscosity was positively correlated with texture properties (hardness and chewiness) of steamed bread (r = 0.521–0.685, p < 0.05). Based on the correlation coefficients and the model (r² = 0.852, p = 0.003) obtained using stepwise multiple regression analysis, the best predictors for specific volume of steamed bread were the maximum resistance to extension of rested dough (r = 0.664, p < 0.01) and total work for breakage of fermented dough (r = 0.662, p < 0.01). Principal component analysis of rheological properties of fermented dough and flour characteristics provided more useful information for discriminating wheat flour quality and help breeders to select most convenient wheat flour for the steamed bread making.     

Comparative study on the effects of buckwheat by roasting: Antioxidant properties,nutrients, pasting,and thermal properties

The increasing need to prolong the shelf life of buckwheat has prompted the use of roasting techniques in buckwheat processing. For effective roasting, the responses of common buckwheat (CB) and tartary buckwheat (TB) to the process should be explored. Herein, the antioxidant properties, nutrients, pasting, and thermal properties of raw and roasted buckwheat flours (roasted at 200 °C for 50 s) from two CB and three TB varieties were investigated. Results showed that roasting considerably reduced the total flavonoid content (TFC) and total phenolic content (TPC) of TB. The TPC of CB was significantly improved by roasting, whereas the TFC significantly decreased. The total antioxidant capacities were consistent with the TPCs. Additionally, the colour deepened as the amount of antioxidant compounds increased. Unexpectedly, roasting enhanced the protein and fat contents of CB and decreased those of TB. Roasting improved the nutritional quality and antioxidant capacity of CB, and opposite results were obtained in TB. In conclusion, CB was more suitable to the development of roasted specialty products with nutritional applications than TB. We suggest that differences among varieties should be considered first in the buckwheat roasting process.     

中国河西走廊东灰山和西灰山作物遗存研究

河西走廊是古代中原文化和西域文化的交叉地带,也是古丝绸之路的重要通道。为了给研究东西方物质和文化交流在中国农业发展史上的作用提供实物证据,对甘肃民乐东灰山和西灰山现有材料采用遗址剖面土壤样本浮选、分拣、鉴定和理化分析方法,以现代作物种子为对照,确定遗址炭化作物籽粒的种类、性状差异及年纪。结果显示,东灰山遗址发现了炭化小麦、大麦、谷子(粟)、糜子(黍、稷)、黑麦、荞麦和燕麦籽粒,以及胡桃壳、枣核等;西灰山遗址发现了炭化小麦、谷子、糜子和大麦籽粒;两个遗址的作物种植结构基本一致。东灰山和西灰山发现的作物以小麦最为古老,距今在3 800~3 600年之间,西灰山小麦种植历史稍早于东灰山。在新石器晚期至青铜器时代,河西走廊的粮食生产已有比较合理的作物种类结构,包括小麦、大麦、谷子、糜子、黑麦、荞麦和燕麦等。炭化小麦籽粒较小,且大小不均匀,说明人工选育程度低。如对东灰山和西灰山作物和植物遗存开展系统性发掘,可能还会有更多新发现或新认知。     

水分优化对温室葡萄产量及土壤生物学特性的影响

为揭示滴灌不同水分调控下设施栽培葡萄产量与土壤学特性等相关指标的响应关系,在甘肃省永登县设施葡萄试验基地开展葡萄滴灌不同生育期水分调控田间灌溉试验,分析水分调控对设施栽培葡萄土壤积温、蔗糖酶和淀粉酶活性、有机碳(TOC)、微生物量碳(MBC)和微生物熵(qMB)等土壤学特性的影响,基于隶属函数综合分析明确影响葡萄产量及各项土壤生物学特性指标的最佳水分优化处理。结果表明:新梢期水分胁迫的土壤积温、土壤酶、TOC、MBC、qMB均显著(P <0. 05)高于对照;新梢期水分胁迫较对照可增产44. 6%;果实膨大期作为葡萄生长的关键阶段,此时水分胁迫对土壤淀粉酶影响不显著,但对其他土壤学特性指标具有一定的抑制作用,并且可减产9.7%;隶属函数综合分析表明,土壤生物学特性指标及产量综合隶属排名为:PS﹥FS﹥CS﹥CK﹥ES。