牛奶中抗生素残留检测研究进展

抗生素越来越多地被应用于畜牧业中。其在乳制品中的残留问题备受关注。从牛奶中残留抗生素的来源、危害以及检测方法等方面进行总结,并对我国牛奶中抗生素检测的发展前景进行了展望。     

浅析动物性食品中性激素残留与检测

随着畜牧和养殖业的飞速发展,各种兽药、饲料添加剂的使用范围逐渐扩大,然而在取得经济效益的同时也使动物性食品中兽药和违禁药物残留对人体健康产生影响,其中激素残留对消费者健康的影响更值得关注。作者讨论了动物性食品中性激素残留的危害,探讨了利用现代分析技术检测动物性食品中性激素残留的方法,以期为生产中检测激素残留提供参考。     

毛细管电泳技术及其在兽药残留分析中的应用

随着人们生活水平的提高和养殖业的发展,兽药残留对食品安全的危害日益受到人们的关注.中国作为畜禽产品重要出口国,将在相当长的一段时间内必须面对兽药残留所形成的贸易壁垒.因此,必须加强兽药残留检测技术的研究.文章就毛细管电泳技术及其在兽药残留分析中的应用做一综述.     

广西右江河谷产地芒果农药残留现状及膳食风险评估

研究了广西右江河谷地区芒果中农药残留现状,并做了人群的膳食风险评估,旨在为芒果农产品的农业主管部门监管提供科学依据。在右江河谷产区采集99份芒果样品,对样品中107种农药残留进行分析检测,并运用点评估方法对农药残留膳食摄入风险进行评估。结果表明,芒果的检出农药类型上,以甲氧基丙烯酸酯类杀菌剂为主,检出率高达61.61%;累计检出20种农药残留,样品检出率为80.80%,其中吡唑醚菌酯检出率最高,达到46.46%;按照GB 2763-2021判定,超标数量达到14份,占总样品数量的14.14%,吡唑醚菌酯和氯氟氰菊酯两种农药超标;检出农药对成人和儿童的慢性膳食摄入%ADI在0.00 -2.43 %之间,其中氯氟氰菊酯、联苯菊酯对儿童的急性膳食摄入%ARfD分别为101.82%、136.16 %,所有检出农药对成人的急性膳食摄入%ARfD均小于100 %。广西右江河谷地区芒果中多农药组分残留情况明显,吡唑醚菌酯和氯氟氰菊酯需要重点监测关注;儿童对芒果中摄入氯氟氰菊酯和联苯菊酯的农药残留急性膳食有一定的暴露风险,成人对芒果中检出的所有农药急、慢性膳食暴露风险极低。     

Residue Analysis of Five Kinds of Penicillins in Eggs by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Ultraviolet Detection

This study was aimed to develop a method for simultaneous determination of five kinds of penicillins in eggs by high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UVD). The eggs samples were extracted by acetonitrile,degreased by n-hexane,concentrated by rotary evaporation,derivatization,and then was separated by HPLC. The results showed that the calibration curves of five kinds of penicillins were linear correlated in the concentration ranges of 10 to 1 000 μg/kg with the correlation coefficients >0.999,which the limits of detection and quantification were 1.5 μg/kg (S/N=3) and 5.0 μg/kg (S/N=10),respectively. The average recoveries were 62.04% to 93.13%,the relative standard deviations were 3.91% to 13.69%.And the intra-day and inter-day RSDs were 3.98% to 14.71% and 4.26% to 12.71%,respectively. The developed method was suitable for detecting five kinds of penicillins residues in eggs with high repeatability and sensitivity.     

应用CNCPS方法和体外产气法研究豆腐渣饲料的营养价值

为揭示豆腐渣对反刍动物的饲用价值,本试验采用康奈尔净碳水化合物-蛋白质体系（CNCPS）和体外产气法对豆腐渣营养价值进行评定。测定豆腐渣的CNCPS营养成分与体外发酵参数,应用CNCPS公式计算碳水化合物（CHO）和粗蛋白质（CP）中各组分含量。结果显示,豆腐渣的CP含量为14%~25%,粗脂肪（EE）含量为1.9%~2.9%,代谢能（ME）为10~12 MJ/kg DM;易在瘤胃中降解的蛋白质（PA＋PB₁）和在瘤胃中缓慢降解的粗蛋白质（PB₂＋PB₃）的含量相当,不可降解真蛋白质（PC）含量较少;潜在可利用碳水化合物（CA＋CB₁＋CB₂）较高;体外发酵产气量均达到70 mL,氨态氮（NH₃-N）浓度在8~23 mg/dL,总挥发性脂肪酸（TVFA）在46~70 mmol/L。而不同来源的豆腐渣营养成分和发酵情况存在显著差异,且CNCPS碳水化合物、蛋白质组分的优劣不同。凌源豆腐渣的最大产气量（B）最高,极显著高于其他3种苹果渣（P＜0.01）,而各豆腐渣的产气速度（C）无显著差异（P＞0.05）。辽源豆腐渣氨态氮（NH₃-N）含量最高,极显著高于其他饲料（P＜0.01）。不同地方豆腐渣瘤胃液挥发性脂肪酸比例差异极显著（P＜0.01）。不同来源的豆腐渣的总可消化养分（TDN）及其他能值差异较大,以新民豆腐渣的能值最低,极显著低于其他苹果渣（P＜0.01）。综上可知,作为反刍动物非粮饲料,豆腐渣为反刍动物提供的可利用能值高,利于瘤胃微生物蛋白质合成。     

市售猪肉及其组织中"瘦肉精"残留调查

采用德国r-Biopharm拜发公司试剂盒，用竞争性EUSA法对某市13个菜场共抽取40份瘦肉、30份猪肝、18份猪肾脏、30份猪肺、15份猪骨和30份猪血、30份猪毛，总计样品进行了瘦肉精残留检测。结果表明，在抽检的193份样品中共有38份瘦肉精含量大于1．0ng／g，占总数的19．7％，其中猪肝与猪毛的检出率最高。同时在瘦肉精含量大于1．0ng／g的样品中抽取9份，用GC／MS／MS法确证，结果与ELISA法相符。     

Effects of Algal Fibre and Perlite on Physical Properties of Various Soils and on Potato Nutrition and Quality on a Gravelly Loam Soil in Southern Norway

Large quantities of seaweed are harvested world-wide for industrial processing, but significant amounts of by-product remain unused and may cause environmental pollution if returned to the sea. Its potential for use in agriculture is therefore of interest. Algal fibre waste from a large alginate extraction plant in Norway was studied with respect to its potential both for soil physical amelioration and as a nutrient source for potatoes. The material contained perlite, itself a wellknown growth substrate, as this was used to filter the fibre in the factory. The effects on soil moisture retention and aeration properties of incorporating up to 80% fibre waste or pure perlite were studied on five widely contrasting soil types. The algal fibre waste had similar effects to pure perlite on soil aeration and on the proportion of water held at low soil moisture tension. It had, however, a far greater effect on moisture retention at higher tension levels. Plant-available water increased by 3.6 vol.% when 10% by volume of fibre was incorporated, as against 1.2 vol.% with the same volume of pure perlite. The effects were similar in all soils. The effect on potato growth and quality of spreading 20 or 40 Mg ha -1 of algal fibre was studied by comparison with the use of various amounts of compound nitrogen- phosphorus-potassium (NPK) fertilizer. The algal fibre contained large amounts of plant nutrients. In the absence of fertilizer, potato yield increased by 30% and 70% with the use of 20 and 40 Mg ha -1 , respectively. These increases declined to 7% and 17% at the highest rate of fertilizer application (120 kg N, 55 kg P and 187 kg K ha -1 ). The effect of 10 Mg ha -1 algal fibre was equivalent to that of 20-25 kg N in compound fertilizer. Algal fibre had little effect on soil contents of available P, K, calcium and magnesium, but the level of sodium rose sharply. Electrical conductivity did not, however, rise excessively. A considerable amount of mineral N remained in the soil after harvest, but most was lost to leaching before the following year's ryegrass crop could make use of it.     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速检测马铃薯与土壤中氟醚菌酰胺残留

建立了采用QuEChERS为样品前处理方法的高效液相色谱-串联质谱（HPLC-MS/MS）快速检测马铃薯和土壤中氟醚菌酰胺残留的分析方法。样品经乙腈提取,PSA、C18吸附剂净化,电喷雾电离、正离子模式采集,多反应监测模式检测,基质匹配标准品外标法定量。结果表明:在0.002~1 mg/L范围内,氟醚菌酰胺在马铃薯等基质中的质量浓度与对应的峰面积间呈良好的线性关系,其相关系数均大于0.999 9。在 0.005~0.5 mg/kg添加水平下,氟醚菌酰胺在马铃薯、马铃薯植株和土壤中的日内平均回收率为81%~98%,日内相对标准偏差（RSD）为2.2%~13%（n = 5）;日间平均回收率为75%~106%,日间RSD为0.6%~11%（n = 15）。氟醚菌酰胺在马铃薯等基质中的定量限（LOQ）（S/N=10）均为0.001mg/kg。该方法简便、快速、准确,可用于马铃薯中氟醚菌酰胺的残留检测。     

动物源性食品中大环内酯类抗生素残留分析方法

大环内酯类抗生素(MALs)是畜禽、水产养殖业中广泛使用的一类抗生素.由于这类抗生素被大量或超量使用,目前在许多动物源性食品中均能检测到该类物质的存在.主要对当前动物源性食品中MALs残留分析过程中样品前处理和检测方法进行了综述.