不同药剂防治玉米草地贪夜蛾试验

以6％阿维·氯苯酰SC(悬浮剂)为对照、清水为空白对照,研究了10％甲维·茚虫威SC、3％甲维盐WG(水分散粒剂)、15％多杀·茚虫威SC、30％氟铃·茚虫威SC、20％四唑虫酰胺SC 5种药剂防治玉米草地贪夜蛾的效果.试验结果表明,6种药剂对玉米草地贪夜蛾均有防治效果,药后3 d,以10％甲维·茚虫威SC、3％甲维盐...     

通城猪肉质性状分析

通城猪是湖北省的主要地方品种,具有产仔多、性成熟早、发情明显、配种容易、母性好、抗逆性强、遗传性稳定、杂交配合力好等优良特性,尤以肉嫩清香鲜美著称,2000年被列为19个国家级优良地方猪保护品种之[1-2].     

20%烟嘧磺隆·辛酰溴苯腈防除春玉米田杂草试验

20%烟嘧磺隆.辛酰溴苯腈油悬浮剂是新型玉米田除草混剂,本文对其杂草防治和玉米安全性进行了研究。结果表明:在玉米苗期3～5叶时喷雾,剂量为270～300 g/hm2,药后45 d对禾本科杂草防效达到82.7%～89.0%,对阔叶杂草防效为77.7%～84.3%,对杂草综合防效为80.4%～86.8%,与人工除草比较增产18.2%。     

Exploration of unconventional fodder for arid land rehabilitation

Exploring new wild plant species of economic importance with tolerance to harsh environmental conditions in arid countries may be a viable option to improve forage yield. The present study was conducted during two consecutive years and aimed to investigate the nutritional values of eleven selected wild fodder species, six annuals, and five perennials. Detailed analyses of the nutritional values during two different seasons for perennials and two different growth stages for annuals are presented. The results showed that most studied plants have high nutritional values compared to earlier studies on taxonomically related species growing in different arid areas. The mean content of dry matter, ash, crude protein and lipids was 27, 13, 14, and 3.5%, respectively. Neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose were 44, 26.5, 6.2, 20.2, and 13.7%, respectively. The studied species showed means of 43 and 49% for in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) for perennials and annuals, respectively. In general, there were slight differences between the 2 years for both perennials and annual species and significant differences among different seasons for perennials and between growth stages for annuals. The study strongly recommends further detailed experimental studies on A. graecizans, Boerhavia diffusa and Cymbopogon schoenanthus, which showed more crude protein, a low fiber content and high IVDMD, as unconventional forage crops in arid lands.     

新疆陆地棉纤维品质演进趋势与改良分析

【目的】 研究2008年以来的新疆棉花纤维品质变化,分析新疆棉花纤维品质的整体状况及发展趋势,为新疆陆地棉纤维品质改良提供参考。【方法】 收集2008～2018年我国棉花公证检验检测数据,分年度、分区域整理,分析新疆棉花纤维品质演进趋势。【结果】 11年来,新疆棉花公检占比呈逐年增加的趋势,由2008年的65.1%增长到2018年的98.3%。纤维长度呈现出先下降后上升再到平稳的趋势,2018年已达29.2 mm,高于全国平均水平。其中,2016～2018年提升较快,“30~32 mm”棉包所占比较2011～2015年提高8.3个百分点;新疆棉花平均纤维比强度呈波动变化趋势,2017～2018年提升明显,2018年平均为28.4 cN/tex,比强度“≥29 cN/tex”的棉包占比达34.2%;新疆棉花纤维整齐度变化较小,高于全国平均值,且新疆地方棉花优于兵团,较后者高0.3个百分点,“高级及以上级” 整齐度占比新疆棉花呈现出波动下降的趋势,其中地方棉花下降态势较明显;新疆棉花马克隆值呈现出先下降后上升的趋势,“A+B级”平均占比高于全国。兵团棉花马克隆值好于地方,“A+B” 级年均占比较后者高出5.5个百分点;新疆棉花品级呈现出向好的方向发展,好于全国平均水平,地方棉花质量优于兵团。【结论】 新疆棉花对全国棉花贡献日益增大。近3年来,新疆棉花在纤维长度、比强度、马克隆值、整齐度、品级均明显提升,但也存在比强度较差、平均整齐度下降,以及高比强度、高整齐度棉花占比偏低等问题。在新疆棉花品种技术研发、示范推广及加工体系建设等方面,制定科学可行的产业政策,为实现新疆棉花适度规模、优质高效、绿色可持续的发展目标提供支撑。     

不同密度下玉米抗倒性相关性状的探究

倒伏是影响玉米产量和玉米机械化收获的主要限制因素,因此深入研究玉米倒伏问题对玉米生产的发展具有重要意义。本试验以PH6WC、M03、KW9F591、J1495、JD108为母本,以PH4CV、J9D207、J1673、J1668、KW6F600、M5972为父本,并组配30个杂交组合,对其在不同种植密度下抗倒伏相关性状的遗传特性进行研究。结果表明,KW9F591、J1495和JD108的茎秆拉力表现好;组合S1、S15、S16的茎秆拉力表现好。M03和J1495的茎粗表现好;组合S5、S10、S28的茎粗表现好。PH6WC和M5972的穗高系数表现好;组合S3、S5、S6、S10、S12、S13、S23、S24、S26、S29的穗高系数表现好。茎秆拉力与茎粗呈极显著正相关;茎秆拉力与穗高系数和密度呈极显著负相关。     

蒸汽爆破对绿芦笋废弃物膳食纤维改性的研究

本文以绿芦笋加工废弃物为原料,通过正交试验优化确定了蒸汽爆破对绿芦笋废弃物膳食纤维改性的最佳工艺:蒸汽爆破料腔比为5:8,蒸汽爆破时间为70 s,蒸汽爆破压力为1.0 MPa,在此条件下,可溶性膳食纤维含量提高92.5%。对蒸汽爆破绿芦笋样品进行理化特性研究,其水溶性指数为14.27%,持油力为2 mL/g,堆积密度为0.43 g/mL,松密度为0.29 g/mL,溶解度为91.63 g/100 g,比表面积为0.299 m2/g,与空白样品相比,均有所增加;而持水力、膨胀力、中位径、休止角、滑动角与空白样品相比,则有所下降。将各项指标与空白样品进行对比分析得知,可溶性膳食纤维提高,此试验为绿芦笋废弃物综合利用提供了理论和技术指导。     

High-cholesterol diet with or without corn oil for establishing atherosclerotic model in rabbits

AIM：To compare the reliability and plaque area between using high-cholesterol diet and high-cholesterol diet with corn oil to establish a rabbit atherosclerotic model. METHODS：Eighteen New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups (6 rabbits each): normal diet group (group C), high-cholesterol diet group (group H1) and high-cholesterol diet containing 6% corn oil group (group H2). All rabbits were fed for 12 weeks, and their body mea-sured was weighed at the end of every weeks. The serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) were measured by automatic chemistry analyzer at 0 week and 12 weeks. At the end of 12 weeks, the thoracic aorta of 8-cm length since aortic root was isolated from the rabbit after anesthesia, and stained with Sudan IV or oil red O to verify the existence of plaque. The percentage of plaque area (PA/IA) in the intima area was further calculated by ImageJ2x software. RESULTS：At the end of 12-week feeding, the serum levels of HDL-C, LDL-C and TC in both group H1 and group H2 were significantly higher than those in group C, and serum TG in group H2 was significantly higher than that in group C. Serum HDL-C in group H2 was significantly higher than that in group H1, but no significant difference of serum LDL-C, TC and TG between group H1 and group H2 was found. There was no plaque in the intima in group C, and plaques were observed in the intima of all rabbits in group H1 and group H2. Rabbit atherosclerotic models in both group H1 and group H2 were established with a success rate of 100%. The values of PA/IA in group H1 ［(49.74±18.78)%］ and group H2 ［(56.95±26.74)%］ were both significantly higher than that in group C (0%), and no significant difference of PA/IA between group H1 and group H2 was observed. CONCLUSION：High-cholesterol diet with or without corn oil can establish a rabbit atherosclerotic model with a success rate of 100% after 12-week feeding, and the percentage of plaque area in the total aortic intimal area is not different in the 2 feeding methods.