基于协整理论和VAR模型的河南省环境污染驱动因素研究

[目的]分析河南省环境污染的驱动力机制,为经济发展与环境规划提供理论支撑。[方法]尝试从动态的视角来解读河南省环境污染问题,借助协整分析、误差修正模型、脉冲响应函数和方差分解对河南省环境污染的驱动因素进行分析。[结果]人均GPD,第二产业比重,总人口,外商投资强度以及政府管制水平与环境污染指数存在长期协整关系,且系统存在误差修正机制;脉冲响应函数结果显示,人均GDP,第二产业比重,总人口长期会加剧环境污染,外商投资强度对环境具有微弱地积极影响,政府管制水平对环境影响不明显;方差分解结果显示,总人口是环境污染的主要原因,其次是第二产业比重和人均GDP。[结论]调整人口布局和优化产业结构是河南省未来控制环境污染的发展方向。     

A method to test wheat leaves for their reactions to inoculation with Septoria species

The construction and application is described of a polystyrol humidity box in which wheat leaves, while continuing to function as parts of living plants, can be tested for their reactions toSeptoria spp. in an atmosphere nearly saturated with water, as is required for successful infection. The method is simple, accurate ans inexpensive.Samenvatting Voor dit doel is een z.g. vochtdoos geconstrueerd (Fig. 1A). Het te toetsen blad wordt daar doorheen geleid en in de doos geïnoculeerd met een druppel conidiën-suspensie van de schimmel. Onder het blad staat wat water in de doos (Fig. 1B). Na afsluiting ontstaat in de doos de hoge luchtvochtigheid van bijna 100% die nodig is voor de infectie. Dit wordt op deze wijze eenvoudig en goedkoop gerealiseerd. De bladeren die zo worden getoetst blijven onbeschadigd functioneren aan de plant. Na enkele dagen kan de doos worden geopend en kan de symptoom-ontwikkeling worden afgewacht en gevolgd (Fig. 3A, 3B en 4). De methode leent zich voor nauwkeurig werk en vereist zeer weinig infectiemateriaal. De Technische en Fysische Dienst voor de Landbouw (TFDL), Wageningen, ontwierp en construeerde een statief voor het gebruik van de vochtdozen in serie (Fig. 2).     

基于全基因组测序构建水稻RIL群体遗传图谱

目的 以籼稻品种‘MDS’和‘R315’为亲本,构建一张高密度的遗传图谱,挖掘水稻Oryza sativa L.重要农艺性状相关基因并加快水稻品种选育。方法 对两亲本及其192个重组自交系(RILs)群体进行全基因组测序,筛选高质量单核苷酸多态性(SNPs),划分bin标记,针对每个连锁群使用JoinMap4.0对bin标记进行排序,用perl SVG模块绘制连锁图,并对标记在基因组和遗传图谱上的位置进行共线性分析。结果 两亲本间共筛选出221 494个高质量SNPs,构建了一张高密度遗传图谱,包含1 612个bin标记,总图距为1 327.82 cM,相邻标记间平均遗传图距为0.82 cM。共线性分析显示各连锁群上的大部分标记顺序与基因组保持一致,共线性较好,图谱质量高。结论 本研究构建的高密度遗传图谱质量较高,为后续功能基因的鉴定提供了基础。     

Diallel analysis of yield components,fibre quality and bacterial blight resistance using spaced plants of cotton

Summary Hayman analysis for lint percentage, boll weight, fibre quality and bacterial blight resistance of a ten-parent half-diallel set of crosses was conducted in Upland cotton. The ten parents represented a fixed sample of the best germplasm available to Australian breeders for the characters of commercial importance. Heterosis and inbreeding depression were detected particulady for boll weight and blight resistance. An analysis of genetic components and parameters indicated that since additive effects were substantial and heritability high, early-generation selection of spaced plants and pure-line breeding should be successful. Some genotypes were identified as being potentially good donors for hybridization since they possessed dominant genes for improved character expression. Acala C-1 was identified as the first-choice parent for increased boll size. Coker 315 for increased span length, while Namcala was the best parent for breeding improved fibre strength. McNair 220 possessed the most dominant genes for high lint percentage. Reba P279 and Siokra were the only parents with resistance to the prevelant race of bacterial blight.     

Linkage relationships among loci controlling morphological traits in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)

Summary Linkage among loci controlling various morphological traits in cowpea were determined using F₂ progenies. Data were collected on individual plants of four crosses segregating for several loci. Recombination estimates between the following pairs of loci were as follows: Sw (swollen vs normal stem base)-Fbc (cream vs green flower buds) (41±4.8%), Pu^s(purple vs green stems)-Cbr (cocoa-brown vs straw-yellow dry pods) (31±5.7%), Pu^p(purple vs green immature pods)-Cbr (30±5.7%), Pu^s-Pu^p (4±1.5%), Ndt (non-determinate vs determinate)-Pd (peduncle colour) (26±2.8%), Ndt-Hg (semi-erect vs erect plant type) (26±2.8%), P^t(purple vs green pod tips)-Bk (greyish-black vs straw-yellow dry pods) (19±2.4%) and Hg-Bpd (normal vs branching peduncle (24±9.5%). Four linkage groups (LG) were identified in these studies. The proposed LG I contained loci Sw and Fbc; LG II loci Pu^s, Pu^p, and Cbr; LG III loci Pd, Ndt, Gh, and Bpd; and LG IV loci P^tand Bk.     

法氏囊活性肽对新城疫La Sota株弱毒疫苗的免疫增强效果

将7日龄黄羽肉鸡300只均分为对照、常规疫苗剂量配合法氏囊活性肽、常规疫苗剂量减半配合法氏囊活性肽、生理盐水和法氏囊活性肽5组,通过血凝抑制试验测定血清抗体水平和间接ELISA检测鼻腔冲洗液中IgA水平及计算法氏囊指数等试验方法,研究法氏囊活性肽和新城疫La Sota弱毒疫苗配合应用的免疫效果。结果显示,29日龄后,常规免疫剂量配合法氏囊活性肽组的法氏囊指数、血清抗体滴度和IgA水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而常规剂量减半配合法氏囊活性肽组与对照组在法氏囊指数、血清抗体滴度和IgA水平上差异不显著(P>0.05);说明法氏囊活性肽对疫苗有免疫增强作用,疫苗剂量减半配合法氏囊活性肽应用可达到常规疫苗免疫效果。     

鸭蛋新鲜度模型的试验研究

用计算机视觉技术，研究了鸭蛋新鲜度模型。取当天产新鲜鸭蛋，分青壳蛋和白壳蛋各150枚置于恒温衡湿环境中。每次定时任意取出其中白壳和青壳蛋各10枚用计算机视觉检测装置检测出蛋内容物的颜色参数。根据这些参数和与之对应且表征蛋新鲜度的Haugh值拟合出蛋新鲜度模型。白壳蛋新鲜度模型检验结果为：r=0.757,F=77.932；青壳蛋新鲜度模型检验结果为：r=0.767,F=75.911。检验结果表明鸭蛋新鲜度模型有较高的回归精度。     

改良剂与水分对荒漠锦鸡儿生长与生理特性的影响

【目的】研究适宜荒漠锦鸡儿幼苗在盐碱地中生长的改良,加快荒漠锦鸡儿在新疆盐旱逆境下的推广应用。【方法】以两年生荒漠锦鸡儿幼苗为材料,采用水分与改良剂正交设计进行大田试验,研究盐碱地中不同土壤水分条件和3种改良剂对荒漠锦鸡儿幼苗的生长和生理特性的影响。【结果】经改良剂和水分处理后的荒漠锦鸡儿幼苗生长和生理指标总体较对照好。在偏干旱(180.3 mm)环境下,施加以腐殖酸、水溶性有机酸为主要成分的改良剂效果最好,高于其对照的株高增长量(2.46 cm)、地径增长量(0.53 cm)主根长(12.63 cm)及生物量的增长,能显著提高幼苗抗氧化系统酶的活性,减少丙二醛的积累(46.3%)。【结论】施用以腐殖酸、水溶性有机酸为主要成分类改良剂可以有效促进幼苗生长,可应用于荒漠锦鸡儿在干旱盐碱区的苗木管理。     

Recreational angling markets to advance the conservation of a reach of the Western Ramganga River,India

• 1. Mahseer fishes of the genus Tor are ‘iconic species’ in Indian rivers, representing ‘flagship’ species for conservation purposes but with additional exploitable, cultural and economic values. Conservation action is required to address their vulnerability to numerous pressures on multiple habitats, and connections between them, across the extended aquatic ecosystems supporting different life stages.
• 2. Recreational angling for mahseer, along with associated wildlife and cultural tourism, is a growth industry dependent upon healthy river ecosystems.
• 3. A cyclic, ecosystem‐based model in which local people can benefit economically from sustainable mahseer exploitation through catch‐and‐release fisheries can form a basis for conservation of both mahseer and the wider river ecosystem.
• 4. Experience on the Western Ramganga River in the vicinity of the town of Bikhyasen, Uttarakhand State (in the Himalayas in northern India), demonstrates the importance of involving local people in the benefits associated with angling, wildlife and cultural tourism. This creates local incentives for river protection, and may be the most effective means for preventing destructive over‐exploitation in poor rural communities.
• 5. Recognition of this value and its recirculation to local people can form the basis for a ‘paying for ecosystems services’ (PES) market. This will benefit river ecosystems, local people, tour operators and visiting anglers, provided that local people benefit to a greater extent than through the killing of fish for non‐renewable consumption or sale.
• 6. This is the basis for a potentially transferable model which may support regional development through involving local people in markets for iconic species. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

     

树木育种学中遗传力、重复力和遗传增益的概念及思考

遗传力、重复力和遗传增益是树木遗传育种学中重要的术语,常用来评价育种工作取得成效的多少,但在不同文献中的理解有些不一致。本文对遗传力、重复力和遗传增益的生物学概念和定义式进行分析和讨论,并对术语的使用提出建议。