岩石边坡生态防护草种混播比例的研究

通过对成南高速公路高边坡草种不同组合混播比例的栽培试验,各项指标测定表明:供试草种中高羊茅、苜蓿在高边坡上生长良好,其中以高羊茅30%+苜蓿50%的组合群落结构最合理,其景观效果较好。     

论素质教育的特征及实施

经济发展、社会进步、科技发达要依赖劳动者素质的提高，劳动者素质的提高要依赖素质教育，素质教育是全面提高公民思想道德、文化素养、身心素质等方面发展水平的教育。文中论述了素质教育的含义、结构、特征与实施方法。同时比较分析了素质教育与应试教育的区别，进一步明确了素质教育的特点和宗旨。     

Genetic diversity decreases as population density declines: Implications of temporal variation in mitochondrial haplotype frequencies in a natural population of Tscherskia triton

Although the spatial genetic differentiation that occurs in animal populations has been extensively studied, information on temporal variations in genetic structure and diversity is still lacking, especially for animals with oscillating populations. In the present study, we used the mtDNA D‐loop sequence to assess the temporal genetic variation in samples from six successive years for the greater long‐tailed hamster, Tscherskia triton. Sampling was carried out between 1998 and 2003 in cropland on the North China Plain, China. A total of 108 individuals were analyzed. The temporal samples showed a high level of genetic diversity. Substantial genetic changes in haplotype frequencies over time were detected for the hamster population. Random genetic drift and migration are likely to be the major factors responsible for the observed temporal pattern. The genetic diversity of the hamster population was higher in years with higher population density, and lower in years with lower population density. The result supports our hypothesis that genetic diversity decreases when population density declines in animals whose population oscillates greatly between years. The combined effects of inbreeding and genetic drift caused by reproduction, dispersal and population size might play important roles in the observed changes in genetic structure and diversity between years.     

猪水泡病病毒结构蛋白基因的克隆及其蛋白二级结构和淋巴细胞表位的预测

以免疫信息学和反向疫苗学为理论根据，利用RT-PCR法获得了猪水泡病病毒（SVDV）HK／70株的基因组序列并测序，应用生物信息学相关软件和方法，对SVDV结构蛋白的二级结构的不同方面及其抗原特异性淋巴细胞表位进行了预测，综合评价了SVDV结构蛋白的抗原特异性细胞表位，并计算出一些潜在的抗原位点。结果表明，VP1蛋白含有的细胞优势抗原表位最多，但其他结构蛋白也含有抗原特异性淋巴细胞表位，有的甚至有可能成为优势抗原表位或对优势抗原表位有协同作用。     

扎龙国家级自然保护区水鸟群落季节性变化调查

对扎龙湿地的水鸟群落进行资源调查,共记录水禽52种,隶属于5目11科。其中古北界种类42种（占82％）,广布种类10种（占18％）,东洋界种类无记录。对结果进行分析发现：扎龙自然保护区水鸟群落种类和数量随着迁徙活动呈现了明显的季节性变化。春季水鸟迁徙时间集中,种群数量变化剧烈,有高峰期;秋季水鸟迁徙时间分散,种群数量变化缓和,无明显的高峰期。     

蛋清粉凝胶性与凝胶稳定性的研究

研究蛋清粉在贮藏期间所成凝胶的质构、持水性以及微观结构的变化。结果显示,蛋清粉的凝胶硬度、弹性、粘结性、持水性分别为346g/cm2、0.905、0.382、52.00%,25℃下贮藏180d后,蛋清粉的凝胶硬度与粘结性较贮藏初期并无显著性变化(P>0.05),而凝胶弹性与持水性与贮藏初期相比差异性显著(P<0.05)。蛋清粉的溶解性随贮藏时间的延长呈下降趋势,但降幅很小,25℃下贮藏180d时与贮藏初期相比无显著性差异(P=0.154)。500倍扫描电镜(SEM)下观察蛋清粉所成凝胶,其结构空隙很大,分布疏松,随贮藏时间的延长无明显变化。研究结果表明,贮藏时间与温度对蛋清粉的溶解性影响很小,而对蛋清粉的凝胶性影响较大,含水量是影响蛋清粉凝胶稳定性的重要因素。     

不同光照强度对新娘草叶片形态建成及超微结构的影响

为探究新娘草叶片对光照变化的形态建成和超微结构的响应机制,以新娘草茎段扦插苗为试验材料,通过遮阳网人工模拟5种光环境(遮光度分别为0、25%、50%、75%、95%)进行试验,研究不同光照强度对新娘草叶片生长及超微结构的影响。结果表明:随光强的减弱,新娘草叶长、叶宽和叶面积呈先增后减的变化趋势。在遮光75%时,叶长、叶宽和叶面积达到峰值,叶面颜色由黄绿色变为浓绿色,叶背颜色由深紫色变为浅紫色,在遮光95%时,紫色消失。光强对叶绿素a(Chl a)、叶绿素b(Chl b)、叶绿素a+b[Chl (a+b)]和花色素苷(Ant)含量均有显著影响(P<0.05):Chl a、Chl b和Chl (a+b)含量与光强呈负相关,Ant含量与光强呈正相关。新娘草叶片厚度、上表皮厚度、下表皮厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度均随光强的降低而显著降低(P<0.05),而栅栏/海绵组织厚度和组织密实度均在50%遮光下达到峰值。全光及遮光25%条件对叶肉细胞的超微结构产生了轻微的破坏,造成部分基粒类囊体片层和基质类囊体片层的扩张,淀粉粒体积变大,而极端弱光(遮光95%)对叶肉细胞的超微结构产生了巨大的破坏,使得部分叶绿体解体,淀粉粒空洞。研究结果表明新娘草具有较强的光适应性,可以通过调整叶形、叶色、叶片解剖结构的方式适应不同的光环境,适度的光照强度(遮光50%~75%)有利于新娘草维持最佳的生长状态,而在极端弱光环境(遮光95%)下新娘草虽能存活,但叶片内部器官的结构产生了不可逆的损伤。     

6个种源地不同桑树品种叶柄解剖结构与水分运输能力初探

叶柄是水分和营养物质在茎和叶间运输的重要组织。采用石蜡切片技术和木材离析技术,分析6个种源地不同的桑树品种一年生扦插苗叶柄的显微结构特征,对叶柄的水分运输能力和抗蒸腾能力进行评价,并对桑树的抗旱性进行探讨。结果显示在6个桑品种中,吴堡桑的叶柄角质层和厚角组织厚度较小,但维管束最为发达,具有较高的维管束面积占比、中等水平的导管直径和最大的导管长度,水分运输能力最强,同时还能保持对栓塞较强的抵抗性,推测其抗旱能力可能较强,适宜种植在较为干旱的地区;育711号的叶柄角质层较薄,云果桑1号叶柄的厚角组织最薄,这2个品种的叶柄具有较多的维管束,但其维管束面积占比、导管孔腔面积以及导管直径在6个品种中较小,故抗蒸腾能力与水分运输能力均较低,其抗旱能力可能相对较弱,更加适合在水分充足的环境中生长。研究结果为阐释桑树叶柄结构、水分运输能力与桑树抗旱能力之间的关系提供了一定的实验依据。     

Variation of gene frequencies in ASIP, MC1R and GREY loci in Thoroughbred horses

The objective of the study has been to verify the hypothesis that the coat colour is regarded in the selection of Polish Thoroughbred horse population. Formally, the colour is not a selection criterion in this breed selected mainly for speed. The material consisted of twelve groups of foals registered in successive volumes of the Stud Book (11,688 foals, in total) and their parents selected to the breeding stud. The frequency of alleles in ASIP, MC1R and GREY loci controlling the coat colours was estimated from the recessive phenotype frequency square in the groups of foals. The inflow of foreign genes was limited and the population great, hence the migration effect was very low. The drift and Wahlund effect hardly influenced the genetic structure in the groups which enabled to analyze the population not divided. The total offspring frequency of recessive a, e and g alleles amounted to 0.1552, 0.4877 and 0.9773, respectively. Accuracy of the assessment of the a and e frequency was confirmed on the basis of test matings. The a, e and g alleles were more frequent in dams than in sires and the a alleles occurred more often in fillies than in colts. The frequency of a and e alleles was higher in the offspring than in the parents. The genotype distribution in the offspring differed from the expected one, assessed from the gamete frequency in sires and in dams. Fewer bay foals were born than anticipated. All the results show that the coat colour is not entirely disregarded in the breeding of Thoroughbred horses. The dominant A and E alleles producing the colour are preferred in the selection, particularly in the sires. This leads to some alterations in the phenotypic structure of the population. On the other hand, the horses are mated randomly, irrespective of the coat colour.     

MHC及其在动物遗传与育种方面的应用

主要组织相容性复合体(Major histocompatibility complex,MHC)不仅与移植排斥反应有关,而且还与动物的一些经济性状密切相关。文章主要阐述了MHC的结构、功能和遗传特性,并且介绍了MHC基因作为遗传标记在动物遗传与育种方面的应用。