云南部分咖啡植区土壤养分分析研究

对云南保山、思茅地区部分咖啡园土样的养分分析结果,大多数土样有效P明显缺乏,有效Fe明显偏高,部分土样交换性Ca、Mg偏低,反映出咖啡园土壤肥力减退的趋势。根据土样分析检测结果,推荐了相应的施肥方案。     

基于根区土壤质量指数优化小粒种咖啡滴灌施肥方案

开展3个施肥量(以单株计,FH 190.8 g,FM 127.2 g,FL 63.6 g)和3个灌水量(以单株计,WH 190.63 L,WM 158.86 L,WL 132.90 L)的2因素3水平完全组合试验,选取小粒种咖啡(Coffea arabica)根区土壤硝态氮、有效磷、速效钾含量,细菌、真菌、放线菌数量,...     

普洱市小粒咖啡病虫害种类调查分析

对云南省普洱市小粒咖啡主要栽种区病虫害及荫蔽树种类、杂草和荫蔽树与咖啡病虫害的关系进行调查研究。结果发现普洱市小粒咖啡害虫有13种,病害有7种,常用荫蔽树有17种。文中还分析杂草和荫蔽树与咖啡病虫害关系,就普洱市咖农的管理技术提出建议。     

Coffee resistance to Colletotrichum kahawae is associated with lignification, accumulation of phenols and cell death at infection sites

Histological and ultrastructural studies were undertaken to compare Colletotrichum kahawae growth and the sequence of responses it induced in resistant and susceptible coffee genotypes. Coffee resistance was characterized by a restricted fungal growth associated with hypersensitive-like cell death and early accumulation of phenolic compounds, such as flavonoids (cytoplasmic contents) and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives (cell walls). This accumulation of phenols in the cell walls preceded their lignification and thickening. In the susceptible genotype, a late accumulation of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives in a number of cell walls and the encasement of some intracellular hyphae were also observed, but these delayed host responses did not prevent fungal growth and sporulation.     

Coffee bacterial diseases: a plethora of scientific opportunities

Coffee is a very important crop for several tropical countries across different continents. The diseases bacterial halo blight (BHB), bacterial leaf spot (BLS), bacterial leaf blight (BLB) and coffee leaf scorch (CLS), caused by the bacterial pathogens Pseudomonas syringae pv. garcae (Psgc), P. syringae pv. tabaci (Psta), Pseudomonas cichorii (Pch) and Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca (Xfp), respectively, cause significant reductions in coffee production, although other minor bacterial diseases have also been reported in some countries. Little research progress has been made on aspects that are relevant for control and management of these diseases. In all cases, there is an urgent need to develop rapid and more reliable methods for early detection of the pathogens in order to minimize their negative impact on coffee production. Because of the high rate of intra- and intersubspecific recombination occurring in X. fastidiosa, a permanent revision of the detection methods is necessary. Greater efforts should be made to understand the genetic and virulence diversity of Psgc, Psta and Pch populations. Early studies reported the identification of potential sources of resistance against Psgc and Psta, but, to date, no resistance gene has been isolated. Little effort has been made to understand the biology and molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction between Coffea spp. and these pathogenic bacteria. This review discusses the recent progress on the molecular mechanisms used by these bacteria to cause diseases on other plant species, in order to provide a guideline for the establishment of future research programmes.     

施用咖啡果皮对咖啡幼苗生长及土壤理化性状的影响

通过盆栽试验研究施用不同量的咖啡果皮对咖啡幼苗生长及土壤理化性状的影响。结果表明:施用5%(果皮与土壤质量比)以上咖啡果皮的咖啡幼苗地上部、根系干重,总根长,根系直径及根系总体积显著低于对照处理;随咖啡果皮施用量的增加,咖啡幼苗长势显著变差;施用5%以上的咖啡果皮可显著增加土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾养分含量和土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶活性,但土壤p H显著下降。综上所述,施用5%以上直接堆沤腐熟的咖啡果皮会抑制咖啡幼苗生长,降低土壤p H,但可显著提高土壤养分含量和土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶活性,增加土壤养分有效性。     

不同遮光和施氮水平对小粒咖啡生长和光合特性的影响

【目的】探明小粒咖啡Coffea arabica幼树最佳的光照和施氮耦合模式。【方法】试验设置3个遮光水平:不遮光(S0,自然光照)、轻度遮光(S1,65%自然光照)、重度遮光(S2,30%自然光照), 3个施氮水平:无氮(N0,0 g·kg-1)、中氮(N1,0.20 g·kg-1)、高氮(N2,0.40 g·kg-1),研究不同遮光和施氮水平对小粒咖啡生长、日均光合特性和生物量累积的影响。【结果】随遮光度的增加叶绿素总量呈上升趋势。与S0处理相比,S1处理小粒咖啡叶片净光合速率、气孔导度、表观光能利用效率和总生物量分别提高13.54%、18.54%、127.77%和12.41%;S2处理总生物量减少11.55%。与N0处理相比,N1处理叶片净光合速率、气孔导度、表观光能利用效率和总生物量分别增加27.25%、20.77%、10.80%和18.47%,N2处理的上述性状分别增加14.85%、25.99%、41.65%和21.02%。与S0N0相比,随遮光度和施氮量的增加叶片蒸腾速率和表观光能利用效率增大,叶片水分利用效率呈先增后减趋势。【结论】小粒咖啡最优的遮光和施氮耦合模式为轻度遮光下高氮组合(S1N2),该组合有利于获得较高的叶片水光利用效率和生物量。     

中粒种咖啡小孢子染色体加倍方法的研究

本文报道在中粒种咖啡(C.Canephora)花粉母细胞减数分裂时期,应用骤变低温和秋水仙素直接处理花器官,诱导形成二倍性花粉粒的方法。研究结果表明:(1)在花粉母细胞减数分裂时期用骤变低温处理可获得大量二倍性花粉粒。最佳处理时期为终变期——中期Ⅰ和后期Ⅰ;最适处理温度为8—10℃,对不同的无性系,处理效果有所不同。(2)应用1%浓度的秋水仙素滴液法直接处理花蕾可获得7.23—9.20%二倍性花粉。     

亏缺灌溉与氮营养对小粒咖啡苗木生长及水分利用的影响

采用盆栽试验,设置了4个灌水水平：SI充分灌水（75%～85%θ_F）、DI₁轻度亏缺灌水（65%～75%θ_F）、DI₂中度亏缺灌水（55%～65%θ_F）和DI₃重度亏缺灌水（45%～55%θ_F）和4个施氮水平：高氮（N_H）、中氮（N_M）、低氮（N_L）、无氮（N_N）,研究了亏缺灌溉和氮营养对小粒咖啡苗木的生长及形态指标和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,增加灌水或施氮能促进小粒咖啡生长,提高各形态指标（株高、茎粗、叶面积和枝条长度）。与无氮处理相比,施氮可使干物质累积总量提高10.88%～37.49%,水分利用效率提高24.73%～33.01%。与重度亏缺灌水处理相比,增加灌水可使干物质累积总量提高68.01%～141.90%,水分利用效率提高22.48%～40.89%。低氮充分灌水处理可提高小粒咖啡苗木的形态指标,获得较高的干物质累积和水分利用效率。     

Genetic diversity and structure of Ethiopian,Yemen and Brazilian C<Emphasis Type="Italic">offea arabica</Emphasis> L. accessions using microsatellites markers

Genetic diversity among 115 coffee accessions from the Coffea Germplasm Collection of IAC was assessed using SSR markers. The germplasm represents 73 accessions of Coffea arabica derived from spontaneous and subspontaneous plants in Ethiopia and Eritrea, species center of origin and diversity, 13 commercial cultivars of C. arabica developed by the Breeding Program of IAC, 1 accession of C. arabica cv. ‘Geisha’, 13 accessions of C. arabica from Yemen, 5 accessions of C. eugenioides, 4 accessions of C. racemosa and 6 accessions of C. canephora. Genetic analysis was performed using average number of alleles per locus (A), proportion of polymorphic loci (P), Shannon’s genetic index (H′ and G′_ST) and clustering analysis. All evaluated species were distinguished by a cluster analysis based on Jaccard’s coefficient. Differentiation between the cultivated plants of C. arabica and accessions derived from spontaneous and subspontaneous plants was observed. Spontaneous and subspontaneous accessions from Ethiopia were separated according to the geographical origin: east and west of the Great Rift Valley. Cultivated plants showed a low genetic diversity with a division in two groups: accessions from Yemen (H′=0,028) and Brazilian commercial cultivars (H′=0,030). The results agreed with previously reported narrow genetic basis of cultivated plants of C. arabica and supported the hypotheses about domestication of the species. This study also showed a significant genetic diversity among accessions from Ethiopia and Eritrea present in the Germplasm Collection of IAC. This diversity is specially observed in accessions from Sidamo (H′=0,143), Kaffa (H′=0,142) and Illubabor (H′=0,147) indicating their importance as source of genetic variability for coffee breeding programs.