魔芋白绢病病原菌生物学特性及中药提取物药物筛选

采集陕南的魔芋白绢病发病组织进行病原菌分离,对分离菌株进行魔芋组织和植株的致病性验证,并经形态特征和ITS rDNA鉴定为半知菌亚门真菌齐整小核菌(Athelia rolfsii),该菌生长温度为10~37℃,最适温度为30℃,pH 4.0~10.0,最佳pH为7.0。厚朴酚、和厚朴酚、胡椒碱、蛇床子4种中药提取物对白绢病菌丝和菌核均有抑制作用,其中厚朴酚、和厚朴酚的抑制效果最好,对菌丝抑制率达100%。研究结果为魔芋白绢病的生物防治提供了一种新途径。     

不同繁殖状态下绵羊繁殖相关组织中CHGA基因的表达分析

为探究绵羊繁殖相关组织中CHGA基因在不同繁殖状态下的表达差异,选取不同光照条件下的成年苏尼特母羊（季节性发情品种）及不同繁殖时期的小尾寒羊母羊（常年发情品种）的下丘脑等10种组织,利用qPCR技术分析不同繁殖状态下各组织中CHGA基因的相对表达量。结果表明,CHGA基因在2个绵羊品种的不同组织中广泛表达且脑部组织中该基因的表达量高于其他组织;不同光照条件下苏尼特羊各组织中CHGA表达差异均不显著（P＞0.05）;黄体期小尾寒羊垂体中CHGA表达量显著高于卵泡期（P＜0.05）,子宫体中该基因的表达量极显著高于卵泡期（P＜0.01）。以上结果暗示CHGA基因可能参与小尾寒羊不同繁殖时期垂体和子宫生理变化的调控。     

ICP-OES法测定巴旦木种仁中无机元素的研究(英文)

[目的]研究维药巴旦木种仁中无机元素的含量分布特征,为巴旦木的品种质量评价提供新的试验方法和科学依据。[方法]采用电感耦合等离子发射光谱法(ICP-OES)同时测定巴旦木种仁中的26种无机元素Al、B、Be、Ca、Co、Cu、Fe、Mg、Mn、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Si、Sn、Sr、Ti、Zn、Cd、As、Se、V、Hg、Cr、K的含量,并用主成分分析法对测定结果进行分析。[结果]不同种及不同厂家的巴旦木种仁中无机元素的含量呈现相似的谱图排列,各元素的绝对含量存在显著差异;经主成分分析得出5个主因子,其累计方差贡献率达84.371%,第一、二和三主因子的方差贡献率为67.546%,故它们所对应的Fe、Ti、Pb、Na、Se、Cu、Mo、K、Zn、Ni、Ca、Sr是巴旦木种仁中的特征元素。[结论]该方法简便、快速、准确,适于分析测定维药巴旦木种仁中的无机元素,也为更好的开发和利用巴旦木药用资源提供了理论依据。     

应用哨兵2A多时相遥感影像对树种的识别

森林树种类别的准确识别和专题图制作对于森林经营管理具有重要作用。以哨兵2A多时相遥感影像数据源,通过对单时相影像以及根据基尼系数(Gini系数)和信息熵进行的不同影像组合,利用随机森林算法对大孤家林场的树种类别进行识别和分类制图。结果表明:哨兵2A多时相影像组合能够显著改善树种分类的精度,多时相影像组合总体分度最高为87.45%,Kappa系数为0.825,比单时相遥感影像分类总体精度提升了4%~7%。     

赭曲霉毒素A对肉鸡毒性作用的研究进展

霉菌毒素污染是影响动物饲料安全的重要因素。赭曲霉毒素A（ochratoxin A,OTA）广泛存在于肉鸡饲料原料中。众多研究表明,OTA对肉鸡具有肾毒性、肝毒性、细胞毒性、遗传毒性、致癌性、致畸性、免疫毒性和肠道毒性等,给肉鸡养殖业带来了巨大的经济损失,也对动物和人类的健康造成威胁。对国内外OTA研究进展进行总结归纳,从诱导机体产生肠毒性、肝毒性、肾毒性和免疫毒性四方面阐述OTA对肉鸡的致毒机制,为深入研究OTA提供参考。     

Aurasperone A Inhibits SARS CoV-2 In Vitro: An Integrated In Vitro and In Silico Study

Several natural products recovered from a marine-derived Aspergillus niger were tested for their inhibitory activity against SARS CoV-2 in vitro. Aurasperone A (3) was found to inhibit SARS CoV-2 efficiently (IC₅₀ = 12.25 µM) with comparable activity with the positive control remdesivir (IC₅₀ = 10.11 µM). Aurasperone A exerted minimal cytotoxicity on Vero E6 cells (CC₅₀ = 32.36 mM, SI = 2641.5) and it was found to be much safer than remdesivir (CC₅₀ = 415.22 µM, SI = 41.07). To putatively highlight its molecular target, aurasperone A was subjected to molecular docking against several key-viral protein targets followed by a series of molecular dynamics-based in silico experiments that suggested M^pro to be its primary viral protein target. More potent anti-SARS CoV-2 M^pro inhibitors can be developed according to our findings presented in the present investigation.     

Neoechinulin A as a Promising SARS-CoV-2 Mpro Inhibitor: In Vitro and In Silico Study Showing the Ability of Simulations in Discerning Active from Inactive Enzyme Inhibitors

The COVID-19 pandemic and its continuing emerging variants emphasize the need to discover appropriate treatment, where vaccines alone have failed to show complete protection against the new variants of the virus. Therefore, treatment of the infected cases is critical. This paper discusses the bio-guided isolation of three indole diketopiperazine alkaloids, neoechinulin A (1), echinulin (2), and eurocristatine (3), from the Red Sea-derived Aspergillus fumigatus MR2012. Neoechinulin A (1) exhibited a potent inhibitory effect against SARS-CoV-2 M^pro with IC₅₀ value of 0.47 μM, which is comparable to the reference standard GC376. Despite the structural similarity between the three compounds, only 1 showed a promising effect. The mechanism of inhibition is discussed in light of a series of extensive molecular docking, classical and steered molecular dynamics simulation experiments. This paper sheds light on indole diketopiperazine alkaloids as a potential structural motif against SARS-CoV-2 M^pro. Additionally, it highlights the potential of different molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation approaches in the discrimination between active and inactive structurally related M^pro inhibitors.     

Influence of Disease Process and Duration on Acute Phase Proteins in Serum and Peritoneal Fluid of Horses with Colic

Background

The acute phase proteins (APP) serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin, and fibrinogen are valuable blood biomarkers in equine inflammatory diseases, but knowledge of factors influencing their concentrations in blood and peritoneal fluid (PF) of horses with colic is needed.

Objectives

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of demographics (age, sex, breed), disease process (simple obstruction, strangulating obstruction, inflammatory), disease location, disease duration, hypovolemia, and admission hospital on concentrations of APP, lactate and white blood cell counts (WBC) in horses with colic admitted to 2 referral hospitals.

Animals

The study included 367 horses with colic admitted at 2 referral hospitals.

Methods

Prospective multicenter observational study of clinical data, as well as blood and PF biomarkers. Associations between biomarker concentrations and clinical variables were analyzed using multivariate linear regression analysis.

Results

Increasing pre‐admission duration of colic was associated with increased concentrations of APP in blood and PF. Blood concentrations of SAA and fibrinogen were associated with disease process (inflammatory, strangulations, simple obstructions) in more colic duration groups (5–12 and >24 hours) than any of the other biomarkers. No relevant associations between demographic factors, hospital, or hydration status and the measured biomarkers were found.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

In horses with colic, concentrations of APP are associated mainly with disease process and duration of colic and may thus be used for assessment of disease independently of demographic or geographic factors. Serum amyloid A may be a diagnostic marker for use in colic differential diagnosis, but further evaluation is needed.     

白细胞介素-6对猪脂肪细胞脂肪分解的影响

为了研究白细胞介素(Interleukin,IL)-6对猪脂肪细胞脂肪分解的影响及其分子机制,分化的猪脂肪细胞用不同浓度的IL-6(0、25、50、75、100 ng·mL-1)处理24或48 h.通过测定培养液中的甘油浓度检测脂肪细胞的脂解率;采用形态学观察检测脂肪细胞中甘油三酯积聚量的变化;分别用RT-PCR和Western blot检测脂肪细胞中perilipin A、PPAR γ2(Peroxisome proliferato-activated receptor-gamma2)、HSL(Hormone-sensitive lipase)和AT-GL(Adipose triglyceride lipase)的mRNA及蛋白表达.结果显示,IL-6以剂量和时间依赖性的方式刺激猪脂肪细胞的脂肪分解,同时PPAR γ2和perilipin A的mRNA及蛋白表达被显著下调;HSL的mRNA表达达著上调,但其蛋白表达水平并未发生显著改变;ATGL的mRNA和蛋白表达均未发生显著改变.上述研究结果表明,IL-6通过抑制PPAR γ2及其靶基因perilipin A的表达直接刺激猪脂肪细胞的脂肪分解.     

山羊碱性氨基酸转运载体基因SLC3A1cDNA序列克隆及表达

试验旨在克隆山羊碱性氨基酸转运载体基因SLC3A1 cDNA序列,探究其表达的组织特异性及其在小肠中的表达发育模式。参考GenBank已发表的绵羊、牛SLC3A1基因mRNA序列设计引物,克隆山羊SLC3A1基因的cDNA序列,采用实时荧光定量PCR的方法分析其在1日龄山羊11种组织及其在1日龄、6月龄、8月龄、10月龄、12月龄山羊十二指肠、空肠、回肠中的mRNA表达情况。结果表明,成功克隆得到了山羊SLC3A1基因cDNA序列,其与绵羊、牛、野猪、人、小鼠、大鼠的同源性分别为99%、97%、88%、86%、80%和79%。SLC3A1基因转录表达有明显的组织特异性,其在1日龄山羊肾脏、回肠、空肠、结肠中表达量依次降低(P<0.05),其他组织中表达量很低。同一月龄山羊,SLC3A1基因在不同肠段的表达量数值上回肠>空肠>十二指肠。SLC3A1基因在不同月龄山羊十二指肠表达量以1日龄山羊为最高(P<0.05),6~12月龄山羊相同肠段之间表达量无显著差异(P>0.05);空肠表达量随山羊年龄的增加均呈现逐步降低的趋势;回肠表达量在各个月龄山羊之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。结果说明,山羊碱性氨基酸转运载体基因SLC3A1的主要表达部位在肾脏和肠道,推测b^0,+碱性氨基酸转运系统转运氨基酸的主要部位为肾脏和肠道。SLC3A1基因在山羊小肠受肠段和发育阶段的影响,具有不同的表达发育模式。