Suitability of enzymatic hydrolyzates of extracted gluten from fresh pasta by-product used as bread improvers

Gluten extracted from fresh pasta by-products (PG) was enzymatically hydrolyzed by two different commercial proteases (Alcalase 2.4 L and Pancreatin) to different degrees of hydrolysis (DH 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0%). Commercial gluten (CG) was used as reference. The evaluation of functional properties of hydrolyzates from pasta gluten (PGH) and commercial gluten (CGH) showed that Pancreatin hydrolyzates had the highest emulsifying capacities. Regarding the foaming activity, all hydrolyzates performed better than unhydrolyzed gluten. PGH and CGH were added to wheat flour (1%) and their effects on dough rheology were studied. Most hydrolyzates with DH 8% increased dough thermal stability and elasticity during mixing, accelerated the denaturation rate of the protein network, and delayed the gelatinization speed of starch as the temperature increased. Texture profiles and specific volumes of breads from low quality wheat flour with added Pancreatin hydrolyzates (DH 8%) were comparable to those of breads from high quality flour. This showed the potential suitability of PGH and CGH as bread improvers.     

芦笋热烫介质的选择及工艺优化研究

[目的]对比选择适合芦笋的热烫介质并优化热烫工艺.[方法]以新鲜绿芦笋为原料,对水、油、水油3种常见的热烫介质进行对比研究,选择最佳热烫介质.在单因素试验的基础上,分别以芦笋的抗氧化活性、干物质溶出率及感官性状为指标,通过k（34）正交设计优化芦笋热烫的工艺条件.[结果]试验表明,水油为芦笋的最佳热烫介质,且芦笋热烫的最佳工艺条件为：水油比12∶1 ml/ml,料液比1∶3 g/ml,在100℃下烫制2min.在此条件下,芦笋的抗氧化活性最高,色泽最好,且食用品质达到最佳水平,干物质溶出率为1.28％.[结论]以水油为热烫介质的芦笋适宜于加工各种菜肴,且研究可为指导人们合理烹调提供理论依据.     

HJ-1星上思县甘蔗工艺成熟期长势多年对比监测

以广西上思县为研究区,利用环境减灾卫星HJ-1遥感数据提取甘蔗种植面积,采用归一化植被指数模型NDVI对单一时相甘蔗长势进行监测,构建NDVI偏差分级模型对甘蔗工艺成熟期长势进行多年对比监测.结果表明：①利用NDVI均值和偏差2个分析指标,可定性分析监测区内甘蔗长势状况.除2011年甘蔗总体长势差于常年外,2009、2010、2012年甘蔗总体长势好于常年.②利用NDV1偏差分级模型可对监测区甘蔗长势进行定量评价.2012年上思县甘蔗长势最好,长势好、差所占面积比例分别为96.87％、3.13％;2011年甘蔗长势最差,长势好、差比例分别为99.57％、0.43％.     

洞庭湖地区一次暴雨过程分析

利用常规天气资料、卫星云图资料、雷达资料,对2013年6月5～7日岳阳地区一次暴雨天气过程的环流背景、卫星雷达资料、物理量场等进行了天气学诊断分析.结果表明,高空低槽、中低层低涡切变及地面冷空气是这次暴雨天气过程的主要影响系统;低涡东移过程中,低涡与低槽、中低层切变结合,是此次暴雨过程的有利条件之一;K指数和位势涡度的演变与暴雨的发生发展一致,具有很好的对应关系,对暴雨有较好的指示作用.     

环境容量初始配置的建模思路和求解方法探讨

结合我国当前处于由目标总量控制向容量总量控制过渡时期的特点,以公平与效率为配置原则,构建了由法定削减与公平削减组成的两步削减模型。通过模糊聚类分析和层次分析法的联合应用,建立了模型的求解方法。     

新型木材漂白剂漂白工艺研究

介绍一种新型漂白剂，探讨了使用新型漂白剂时漂液的配方和漂白工艺参数。与传统漂白剂Ｈ２Ｏ２相比，新型木材漂白剂的价格更低，漂白效果更好，操作更方便。试验结果表明，新型木材漂白剂可很好地应用于木材漂白。     

基于特征的敏捷界面原型驱动开发过程框架

提出了一种基于特征的敏捷界面原型驱动开发过程框架(AIDD),给出了相应的形式化描述.基于该AIDD过程框架,结合项目实例,分析了如何应用该框架,实现从需求分析到有效设计的快速切换;将应用该过程的项目与其他规模相当的项目进行比对分析,结果表明:AIDD框架具备一定的理论基础并符合工程原则,解决了从需求到设计的快速切换问题,提高了以数据为中心的应用系统设计的质量和效率.     

注塑机注射速度控制研究现状和发展综述

以新闻传播学的“议程设置”理论和新闻心理学的“图式”理论为基础,从媒体报道和媒介环境发展层面考察媒体监督对会计稳健性的影响。结果发现,随着媒体对上市公司的正面报道越多,其会计稳健性会降低,但稳健性的降低并不显著;而媒体对上市公司的负面报道水平及媒介环境发展程度与会计稳健性均呈正相关。     

The global adaptation of bread wheat at high latitudes

Spring sown bread wheat is grown at high latitudes in Europe, Asia and North America. However, it is not clear what the associations are among environments, particularly in Asia and North America, and whether or not cultivars developed in one region may adapt in another. A yield trial comprised of cultivars developed in northern Kazakhstan, western Siberia, the Canadian Prairies, northern USA, northeastern China and broadly adapted genotypes bred by CIMMYT in Mexico was planted in all the above mentioned environments in 2002–2004. In general, cultivars performed best within the regions they were developed. However, cultivars developed in northern Kazakhstan/western Siberia were the most broadly adapted at high latitudes; they were not significantly different for grain yield from the locally developed cultivars in both China and Canada. Stronger photoperiod response, greater plant height and larger seed weight appeared to be key adaptive features of these materials. At lower latitudes, the Kazakh/Siberian cultivars were significantly lower yielding than all other materials. When low latitude Mexican sites were removed from the analysis, the Chinese locations tended to associate, whereas most Canadian and Kazak/Siberian locations were negatively associated with those from China. SSR analysis of the cultivars from each region split the materials into two general groups, one based on North American cultivars and one comprised of Kazakh/Siberian and Chinese cultivars. Lines developed in Mexico were spread across these two groupings. Evidence suggests that considerable scope exists to improve bread wheat adaptation at high latitudes globally through intercrossing materials originating from Asia and North America.     

Wheat grain yield and stability assessed through regional trials in the Eastern Gangetic Plains of South Asia

Improving the level and stability of grain yield is the primary objective of wheat breeding programs in the Eastern Gangetic Plains (EGP) of South Asia. A regional wheat trial, the Eastern Gangetic Plains Yield Trial (EGPYT), was initiated by CIMMYT in collaboration with national wheat research programs in Bangladesh, Nepal, and India in 1999–2000 to identify wheat genotypes with high and stable grain yield, disease resistance, and superior agronomic traits for the EGP region. A set of 21 wheat experimental genotypes selected from a regional wheat screening nursery in South Asia, three improved widely grown cultivars (Kanchan, PBW343 and Bhrikuti), and one long-term cultivar (Sonalika) were tested at 9–11 sites in six wheat growing seasons (2000–2005) in the EGP. The 21 experimental genotypes were different in each year, whereas the four check cultivars were common. In each year, one or more of the experimental genotypes showed high and stable grain yield and acceptable maturity, plant height, and disease resistance compared to the check cultivars. Three improved cultivars have already been commercially released in the region through EGPYT and many germplasm lines have been used in the breeding programs as parents. Identification of wheat genotypes with high-grain yield in individual sites and high and stable yield across the EGP region underlines their value for regional wheat breeding programs attempting to improve grain yield and agronomic performance.