杉木无性系抗旱性层次选择

为了综合评价杉木无性系抗旱性,在干旱胁迫条件下对不同杉木无性系抗旱性指标测定基础上,应用层次分析法（AHP）,建立了杉木无性系抗旱性选择的递阶层次结构,对杉木无性系抗旱性进行了定量筛选．结果表明,不同参试杉木无性系抗旱性强弱的综合排序为：115号＞268号＞197号＞29号＞277号＞32号,其中以115号无性系抗旱性最强,可以在干旱林地上推广．     

基于模糊综合评判的零件特征加工方法决策研究

通过分析与设计工艺方案相关的3个主要因素：零件加工质量、加工成本和生产效率,将模糊综合评判应用到多工艺设计方案决策过程中。设计了适当的隶属函数,建立了多工艺设计方案的模糊综合评价模型,开发了一个基于Matlab的模糊综合评判加工方法决策系统。通过实例分析符合实际生产情况,实现了加工工艺方案的优化。     

小米粥加工过程中营养成分及抗氧化活性的变化

小米加工成米粥后供人食用,为研究其在加工过程中生理活性物质的变化规律,对小米经高压蒸煮、冷冻干燥、复水加工制成速食小米粥过程中氨基酸、酚酸、黄酮含量及提取物的抗氧化能力变化进行研究。结果表明,总氨基酸与必需氨基酸含量在加工过程中无显著性差异,小米中结合态酚酸高压蒸煮后降低27.87%,对小米中自由态黄酮经高压蒸煮后降低29.57%。冷冻干燥和复水对酚酸与黄酮含量影响不显著。复水后小米粥中的香草酸含量与小米相比增长73.94%。复水小米粥中自由态与结合态酚酸提取物清除DPPH自由基能力分别比小米中降低55.83%和88.39%;高压蒸煮后自由态与结合态酚酸提取物三价铁还原能力显著下降,分别下降30.08%和39.74%;冷冻干燥和复水对酚酸提取物三价铁还原能力无显著影响。     

黑豆汁的制备工艺及质量控制指标的研究

为了确定黑豆汁的制备工艺,以不同制备工艺的黑豆汁炮制的何首乌质量及黑豆汁中总黄酮含量为指标,采用综合评分法,考察黑豆汁提取时间、加水量对指标的影响。结果表明,最佳制备条件为:提取时间4 h,加水12倍量。优选的工艺条件制备的黑豆汁总黄酮含量及综合评分高,该工艺条件可行。总黄酮应可作为何首乌炮制过程中黑豆汁制备的质量指标之一。     

小麦周8425B及其衍生品种与黄淮麦区主栽品种的遗传解析

为了解小麦骨干亲本周8425B及其衍生品种与黄淮麦区主栽品种的遗传结构和遗传多样性,利用Illumina 90KiSelect SNP标记技术对周8425B及其16份衍生品种和23份黄淮麦区主栽品种进行全基因组扫描。结果显示,在40份小麦材料中,有22 466个多态性SNP位点被定位在21条染色体上,不同基因组间多态性SNP标记的分布依次为BAD。周8425B及其衍生品种的遗传相似系数变化范围为0.640 5~0.926 4,平均值为0.739 8,与黄淮麦区主栽品种间遗传差异较小。供试材料的遗传相似系数变化范围为0.530 1~0.963 4,平均值为0.672 1,并被划分为4个类群,聚类分析结果与系谱较为吻合。周8425B对其衍生一代、二代、三代的平均贡献率为79.48%、76.73%和74.24%,随世代的增加而不断降低,且在不同基因组间的遗传贡献率表现为DAB。全基因组扫描结果显示,周8425B衍生品种共有6 789个SNP位点保留了周8425B的遗传基因,不同基因组继承的SNP位点数不同,依次为BAD,这些选择位点可能与重要基因的遗传传递有关,可能是周8425B成为骨干亲本的主要遗传特征。     

马铃薯贮藏·加工·主食化研究进展

马铃薯营养丰富,种植面积广,是世界上第四大粮食作物。分析了马铃薯的贮藏加工现状,并展望了马铃薯全粉加工主食的前景。     

荷兰芹清洗消毒工艺改进

[目的]为提高荷兰芹的食用安全性和商业价值,使荷兰芹外观口味俱佳、保存期更长,对荷兰芹的清洗杀菌工艺进行改进。[方法]以荷兰芹为试验对象,利用多槽自动输送式蔬菜清洗工序和次氯酸杀菌消毒制备设备进行清洗和杀菌,通过清洗杀菌试验的测试结果来确定合理的清洗和杀菌工艺参数。[结果]荷兰芹最佳清洗消毒工艺为:预清洗,0.5%艺康产品利洁在浸泡槽中浸泡5 min;清洗,清洗机用水自动清洗5 min;预消毒,清洗机中配制次氯酸钠200~250 mg/kg,浸泡消毒5 min;消毒,浸泡槽中,次氯酸钠100~150mg/kg,浸泡消毒5 min;漂洗,浸泡槽中,使用无菌水漂洗,浸泡5 min。最终得出,0.5%利洁添加对荷兰芹的菌落总数TPC具有较好抑制作用,同比未添加组降低了37.68%。[结论]研究结果可为工业化生产中荷兰芹的清洗杀菌工艺提供参考。     

郑麦7698加工品质及配粉特性研究

为明确郑麦7698的加工品质及配粉特性,以加西2号和美麦DNS为对照,对郑麦7698、新麦26和周麦22的粉质特性及加工品质进行了分析,并检测了郑麦7698与新麦26、周麦22以不同比例配粉所得混合粉的面包烘焙品质和面条蒸煮品质.结果表明,郑麦7698和新麦26的蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量及粉质参数均达到国家优质强筋小麦的标准,周麦22为中筋小麦品种.郑麦7698、加西2号、美麦DNS和新麦26等4个小麦品种的面包烘焙品质优良,面包评分分别为85.3、85.7、88.5和95.3.当郑麦7698与新麦26配粉比例分别为30∶70和50∶50时,其面包评分分别为95.0和93.8,显著高于郑麦7698单粉,说明对郑麦7698面粉配以适量的新麦26可显著提高郑麦7698的面包烘焙品质.郑麦7698的面条加工品质最优,其面条评分为92.4.郑麦7698与周麦22配粉比例分别为70∶30、50∶50和30∶70时,面条评分分别为89.3、83.6和79.4,说明对周麦22配以适量的郑麦7698可显著改善用麦22的面条加工品质.郑麦7698为面包面条兼用型品种,通过配粉可生产出高质量的面包粉和面条粉.     

Evaluation and utilization of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aegilops</Emphasis> and wild <Emphasis Type="Italic">Triticum</Emphasis> species for enhancing iron and zinc content in wheat

Grains of 80 accessions of nine species of wild Triticum and Aegilops along with 15 semi-dwarf cultivars of bread and durum wheat grown over 2 years at Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, were analyzed for grain iron and zinc content. The bread and durum cultivars had very low content and little variability for both of these micronutrients. The related non-progenitor wild species with S, U and M genomes showed up to 3–4 folds higher iron and zinc content in their grains as compared to bread and durum wheat. For confirmation, two Ae. kotschyi Boiss. accessions were analyzed after ashing and were found to have more than 30% higher grain ash content than the wheat cultivars containing more than 75% higher iron and 60% higher zinc than that of wheat. There were highly significant differences for iron and zinc contents among various cultivars and wild relatives over both the years with very high broad sense heritability. There was a significantly high positive correlation between flag leaf iron and grain iron (r = 0.82) and flag leaf zinc and grain zinc (r = 0.92) content of the selected donors suggesting that the leaf analysis could be used for early selection for high iron and zinc content. ‘Chinese Spring’ (Ph ^I ) was used for inducing homoeologous chromosome pairing between Aegilops and wheat genomes and transferring these useful traits from the wild species to the elite wheat cultivars. A majority of the interspecific hybrids had higher leaf iron and zinc content than their wheat parents and equivalent or higher content than their Aegilops parents suggesting that the parental Aegilops donors possess a more efficient system for uptake and translocation of the micronutrients which could ultimately be utilized for wheat grain biofortification. Partially fertile to sterile BC₁ derivatives with variable chromosomes of Aegilops species had also higher leaf iron and zinc content confirming the possibility of transfer of required variability. Some of the fertile BC₁F₃ and BC₂F₂ derivatives had as high grain ash and grain ash iron and zinc content as that of the donor Aegilops parent. Further work on backcrossing, selfing, selection of fertile derivatives, leaf and grain analyses for iron and zinc for developing biofortified bread and durum wheat cultivars is in progress. Nidhi Rawat, Vijay K. Tiwari, and Neelam Singh have contributed equally to the work.