Phylogenetic analysis in some Diospyros spp. (Ebenaceae) and Japanese persimmon using chloroplast DNA PCR-RFLP markers

Ten universal primer pairs of chloroplast genome were used to amplify non-coding regions of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) in 7 Diospyros L. species including 29 genotypes and approximately 20.4 kb, 12.6% of the chloroplast genome were analyzed. The amplified products were digested by seven restriction enzymes. The results showed that there were abundant polymorphisms in inter-specific cpDNA within the genus Diospyros. However, it was not observed intra-species variations in 22 tested genotypes of Diospyros kaki (Japanese persimmon), except for ‘Male strain No. 9’. Persimmon had close relationship with Diospyros lotus and Diospyros glaucifolia, but distantly with Diospyros virginiana and Diospyros rhombifolia in diagram based on principal coordinates analysis and Wagner parsimony method. The discrepancy of digesting pattern in cpDNA suggested that the genotype Jinzaoshi was distinct with the remaining Diospyros spp., which revealed that Jinzaoshi may be a new species of the genus Diospyros.     

白菜不同倍性材料间光合特性差异研究

 以白菜‘短白梗’的二、四倍体为材料, 研究它们的光合特性发现, 秋季晴天的Pn日变化四倍体与二倍体类似, 都呈单峰型曲线。短白梗四倍体中光合色素含量略高于二倍体, 但差异不显著, 叶绿素a /b比值在二、四倍体间差异也不显著。四倍体的叶绿体的长度和宽度均显著高于二倍体, 基粒片层加厚, 结构致密有序。     

Artificial induction of a plant virus protein in transgenic tobacco provides a synchronous system for analyzing the process of leaf chlorosis

The underlying molecular mechanism of chlorosis, a typical symptom of plant viral diseases, remains poorly understood. To establish an experimental system to determine the molecular changes during chlorosis, especially in the early phase, we generated transgenic tobacco plants expressing Cauliflower mosaic virus Transactivator/viroplasmin (Tav) under the control of a chemically inducible promoter. Induction of Tav resulted in visible chlorosis in ten days, a statistically significant decrease in chlorophyll content in two days, decreased expression of chloroplast protein genes, and abnormal thylakoid stacks, indicating that this system reproduces the common features of chlorosis in virus-infected plants.     

Genetic diversity in the Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) as revealed by chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) variations

Genetic diversity in the Lima bean (P. lunatus L.) was assessed bymeans of two chloroplast DNA probes. Based on data obtained from 152accessions including wild forms and landraces, the two separateMesoamerican and Andean groups were confirmed and a transition poolof genetic diversity was observed in the two botanical formsconsistent with their distribution range. Three primary centres ofgenetic diversity and one secondary diversification spot are proposedfor the wild Lima bean whereas only two domestication sites areunderlined for the landraces. The importance of human intervention inwidening the distribution range and the genetic diversity inlandraces is discussed.     

水稻单叶独立转绿型黄化突变体grc2的鉴定与基因精细定位

转绿型叶色突变体是研究植物叶绿体分化与发育的基础材料。grc2是利用60Co-γ射线诱变籼型三系保持系T98B后获得的单叶独立转绿型黄化突变体。grc2植株上任一叶片刚抽出时为黄色,在生长10 d左右后变绿,具有单叶不依赖于植株特定发育阶段而独立转绿的特性。与野生型T98B相比,grc2黄化叶片的总叶绿素和叶绿素b含量显著降低,叶绿体滞留在黄化质体阶段,表明grc2可能在叶片早期发育中起关键作用。遗传分析表明,grc2受1对隐性核基因独立控制;利用源于grc2/Nipponbare的F2群体的960个突变单株,将grc2基因定位在STS标记S254与S258之间约31 kb的范围内,该区域含有5个未报道过的注释基因。这些结果为grc2的克隆及功能研究提供了重要信息。     

南黄大麦叶细胞的亚显微结构

 用电镜对大麦黄化叶与正常叶细胞的超微结构进行观察，发现黄化型大麦叶细胞中叶绿体的光合膜系统发育程度低，基粒类囊体垛叠层数少，基粒体积小，噬锇颗粒多。但淀粉粒的体积大，数量多。并与正常叶进行了对比分析。     

甜菜不同类型品种叶绿体超微结构的差异及其与功能的关系

本文重点报道了叶绿体内部超微结构的分布情况,分析了超微结构与某些光化学特性的关系。提出了可把叶绿体基粒数多的、基粒垛叠程度复杂的做为选择丰产高糖品种的参考生理指标。     

不同架式温室葡萄冠位叶片及叶绿体结构的变化

【目的】研究温室葡萄不同受光架式和冠位叶片组织结构及其叶绿体超微结构的变化,为温室葡萄栽培提供理论依据。【方法】以温室的棚架、单篱架、双篱架葡萄为试材,分别采用光学显微和电子显微镜技术观测不同架式和冠位叶片的显微结构和叶绿体的超微结构。【结果】温室葡萄棚架受光优于篱架,篱架下部叶片受光极差,阴天对篱架受光的影响比棚架大,对下部影响比上部大;温室葡萄叶片的总厚、栅栏组织厚、组织密度CTR值及栅栏海绵组织比值等光合组织结构有所退化,但不同受光架式间和冠位间有差异。棚架的叶片质量均匀,光合组织发达,篱架的下部叶片结构严重退化;叶片总厚、栅栏组织厚与光照强度呈显著正相关;葡萄棚架叶片和篱架上部叶片的叶绿体数、基粒数、基粒片层数明显高于篱架下部的叶片。【结论】温室葡萄采取棚架栽培时整体叶片的叶绿体发育正常,而篱架下部叶片因长期弱光胁迫导致叶绿体结构发生异常变化。