RADIOGRAPHIC IMAGING OF THE CANINE INTERCONDYLAR FOSSA

The intercondylar fossa is believed to play an important role in the pathology of cranial cruciate ligament rupture and therefore has received considerable attention in the last decade. Accurate radiographic imaging of the intercondylar fossa requires that the central x-ray beam pass through the center of the intercondylar "tunnel". The anatomy of the canine intercondylar fossa is similar to humans, however, the orientations of the intercondylar fossa's differ. Consequently, the positioning techniques described for humans are not appropriate for the dog. To pass through the center of the dog, intercondylar fossa, the central x-ray beam should be 12° (S.D. 1.7°) caudal from the femoral diaphysis in the sagittal plane and obliqued caudolateral to craniomedial 7° (S.D. 0.60°) (caudo78°proximo7° lateralcraniodistomedial oblique). Cross table positioning was used with the hip flexed and the radiograph cassette placed on the cranial surface of the stifle. However, superimposition of the tuber ischii and soft tissues caudal to the femur made 15° to 20° the best angle obtainable. There was not a significant difference (p = 0.17) in the notch width index between a 12° versus 20° angle of the central x-ray beam caudal to the femoral diaphysis, both with 7° of external rotation of the stifle. The notch width index of 0.252 obtained from radiographic measurements was not significantly different from measurements obtained grossly of 0.254 (n = 26; p = 0.69). Failure to oblique the central x-ray beam caused a significant (p = 0.0008) decrease in the apparent fossa width radiographically.     

药物对球虫感染鸡血液及生化指标的影响

1日龄艾维因肉鸡分为 4个组 ,即中药组、马杜霉素组、感染不给药组和不感染不给药组 ,每组 2 0只。中药组从 1日龄开始即投喂含 0 .1%中草药复方制剂 (由绞股蓝皂甙、去油鸦胆子仁等组成 )的饲料 ;马杜霉素组从 12日龄起投喂含马杜霉素 5 mg/ kg的饲料。前 3组于 14日龄感染鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫孢子化卵囊。卵囊攻击前及攻击后 4、7d分别采血 ,测定血液红细胞数、血钾、血钠、血磷、血清白蛋白和血清总蛋白含量。结果表明 ,卵囊攻击后 4、7d,感染不给药组的红细胞数显著低于其他各组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,卵囊攻击后 7d,血钾浓度显著高于其他各组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,血清白蛋白和血清总蛋白显著低于其他各组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;卵囊攻击后 7d,中药组血液红细胞数显著低于不感染不给药组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,但显著高于感染不给药组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;马杜霉素组的各项测定指标与不感染不给药组相比无显著差异 (P>0 .0 5 ) ;卵囊攻击后 ,各组间的血磷和血糖值无显著差异 (P>0 .0 5 )。结果提示 ,药物能抵抗球虫感染 ,血液各项指标得以保持相对恒定。     

抗球虫药新剂型的制备与研究

采用固体分散技术,利用溶剂法,以处方比例马度米星铵:聚维酮(聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,PVPk30)分别为1:1、1:2、1:3制备了3个马度米星铵固体分散体,通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)分析鉴定,当马度米星铵与PVP k30的比例为1:3时马度米星铵的药物特征吸热峰消失,说明固体分散体制备成功。对药物进行体外累积溶出度研究,结果马度米星铵固体分散体在60 min内体外累积溶出度可达98.46%,比马度米星铵预混剂的2.57%提高了38倍多。抗球虫效果研究表明,马度米星铵固体分散体的抗球虫指数(ACI)为197.7,明显高于ACI为191.8的马度米星铵预混剂。     

A retrospective study of the clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical manifestations of 5 dogs originally diagnosed histologically as necrotizing scleritis

Purpose To describe the clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical manifestations of canine necrotizing scleritis. Methods A retrospective examination of the clinical records and samples of ocular tissues from five dogs with a histological diagnosis ‘necrotizing scleritis’ was completed. Archived, formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded samples and two control globes were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Gram, periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) and Masson trichrome stains, and they were immunohistochemically labeled for CD3, CD18, and CD20. Results Of the five cases reviewed, only two could be confirmed as idiopathic necrotizing scleritis. The other three cases were retrospectively diagnosed as unilateral focal, non‐necrotizing scleritis, one as episcleritis and the third was scleritis secondary to a proptosed globe based on our retrospective clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical evaluations. In these two cases, idiopathic necrotizing scleritis manifested as a bilateral, progressive, inflammatory disease of the sclera and cornea that induces significant uveitis. Light microscopic examination confirmed collagen degeneration and granulomatous inflammation. There was no evidence for an infectious etiology based on Gram’s and PAS stainings. Immunohistochemical labeling revealed a predominance of B cells in idiopathic, bilateral necrotizing scleritis. Tinctorial staining abnormalities with Masson’s trichrome stain were present in scleral collagen of the two cases with idiopathic necrotizing scleritis as well as a case of secondary traumatic scleritis. Conclusions Based on a limited number of cases, idiopathic canine necrotizing scleritis shares similar histopathological features with non‐necrotizing scleritis and episcleritis; however, necrotizing scleritis is B‐cell‐dominated and bilateral, and significant collagen alterations manifest with Masson’s trichrome stain.     

氮磷钾配施对甘草育苗质量的影响

利用“3414”方案进行N、P、K营养液配方设计,在配方营养液浇灌条件下进行甘草育苗质量比较,旨在探寻适宜甘草育苗的施肥配方,为其测土配方施肥和无土栽培育苗提供依据。结果表明,以纯沙石作为育苗基质,在添加Hoagland营养液条件下,不同N、P、K配比营养液对经98%硫酸处理的甘草种子的出苗质量和幼苗生长发育均具有极显著影响。N₂K₂配比下出苗质量均优于空白对照,且随着施磷水平的提高出苗质量呈下降趋势,出苗质量依次为N₂P₀K₂＞N₂P₁K₂＞N₂P₂K₂＞N₂P₃K₂。而出苗活力依次为N₂P₁K₂＞N₂P₀K₂＞N₂P₂K₂＞N₂P₃K₂。N₂P₂K₂和N₂P₁K₂处理均可极显著提高甘草根系活力,为培育壮苗奠定良好基础。单纯缺N、缺K和过量N、P和K肥均不利于甘草出苗和幼苗的生长发育。以上说明在甘草出苗阶段需P量小,但出苗后开始显示其营养效应。从育苗效益和环境保护双重考虑,配方施肥宜采用N₂P₁K₂,即添加80 mg/L NH₄NO₃、89 mg/L KH₂PO₄和298 mg/L KNO₃作为N、P和K营养源,每隔20 d浇1次。需要注意的是浇灌后应及时喷灌适量水,使氨态氮下渗到底部基质,以避免氨的挥发而灼伤幼苗。     

二氢杨梅素对肉仔鸡生长性能、免疫器官指数及血液生化指标的影响

1日龄AA肉公雏300只,随机分为5个组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组在基础日粮中分别添加0%、0.025%、0.05%、0.1%和0.25%的二氢杨梅素(DMY),研究DMY对肉仔鸡生长性能、免疫器官指数及血液常规理化指标等影响。结果表明:1)日粮中添加不同剂量的DMY对肉仔鸡日增重有提高的趋势,0.05%的DMY显著提高肉仔鸡饲料转化率(P<0.01);试验期间,各组试验鸡生长发育正常,各组织器官未见异常。2)0.05%DMY显著提高21d肉仔鸡法氏囊指数(P<0.05);3)0.25%DMY组显著降低21d肉仔鸡血清总蛋白、白蛋白含量,对球蛋白无显著影响;4)0.025%、0.05%DMY显著降低21d肉鸡血清谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活性(P<0.05,P<0.01),0.025%～0.1%剂量的DMY能显著降低42d肉鸡血清GOT活性(P<0.05);5)各剂量的DMY对21、42d肉鸡血清谷草转氨酶(GOT)无显著影响。     

道塞特、萨福克与阿勒泰羊5月龄杂交公羔肉品质分析

选取5月龄萨福克×阿勒泰(SAF1、SAF2)、道塞特×阿勒泰(DAF1、DAF2)杂交一、二代羔羊与同龄阿勒泰羊(ALT)各3只,对肉品质进行分析。结果表明:5月龄杂交羔羊肉品质得到明显改善,特别是蛋白质、脂肪和氨基酸含量变化尤为明显,且杂交二代优于杂交一代,杂交组合SA优于DA。     

蟛蜞菊对肉兔的饲用价值

选择24只体重相近的40日龄肉兔,随机分成2组,每组12只,基础日粮相同,青饲料分别饲喂桂牧1号象草与蟛蜞菊,两组在平均日增重、平均日耗基础料量、平均日耗青料量间均无显著差异(P>0.05),表明肉兔采食蟛蜞菊可正常生长发育。同时,两组肉兔的血液指标和内脏重量无显著差异,表明蟛蜞菊与桂牧1号的饲用价值相似,可用于肉兔生产。