腐殖酸对烤烟土壤性状及烟叶品质的影响

2006-2007年在河南郏县进行田间试验,研究腐殖酸对土壤微生物数量、酶活性和烟叶品质的影响.结果表明,使用腐殖酸肥料后,耕层土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌、磷细菌、钾细菌和氨化细菌的数量,土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、磷酸酶的活性及烟叶品质均比对照有不同程度提高.腐殖酸与放线菌和氨化细菌呈极显著正相关关系,与烟碱、淀粉含量呈极显著负相关关系.其中以750 kg/hm~2腐殖酸用量处理的效果最好.     

Environmental impacts from herbicide tolerant canola production in Western Canada

The commercial production of herbicide tolerant (HT) canola began in Western Canada in 1997. With more than a decade of use, the actual farm-level environmental impact of HT canola can be evaluated. This article reports on a spring 2007 survey of nearly 600 canola farmers in the three prairie provinces of Western Canada. Producers were asked about their crop production experiences for 2005 and 2006 and expected crop planting for 2007. A reduction in the total number of chemical applications over the 3-year period was reported, resulting in a decrease of herbicide active ingredient being applied to farmland in Western Canada of nearly 1.3 million kg annually. Fewer tillage passes over the survey period were reported, improving moisture conservation, decreasing soil erosion and contributing to carbon sequestration in annual cropland. An estimated 1 million tonnes of carbon is either sequestered or no longer released under land management facilitated by HT canola production, as compared to 1995. The value of this carbon off-set is estimated to be C$5 million. Comparisons with similar studies and against non-adoption of HT canola can guide future decisions about HT canola adoption.     

秋水仙素诱导地锦多倍体研究

用不同浓度秋水仙素处理不同萌发时期地锦体细胞胚胎及丛生芽苗诱导多倍体,对多倍体植株进行染色体数目及稳定性检测。结果表明:(1)秋水仙素对地锦体胚及丛生芽的生长有不同程度抑制作用,对根系生长的抑制尤为明显。以0.05%秋水仙素处理48h以上对地锦体胚萌发有显著抑制作用,0.1%浓度处理96h产生完全抑制。(2)0.05%秋水仙素处理1cm体胚48h可诱导3.3%地锦体胚产生多倍体嵌合植株,多倍细胞比率40%。以0.1%秋水仙素处理地锦丛生芽24h,多倍体诱导率可达13.3%,多倍细胞比率62.5%~75%。说明秋水仙素处理丛生芽效果要好于处理体胚。(3)本实验诱导的多倍体植株全为混倍体,多倍细胞占40%~75%,但在无性增殖中有逐代下降趋势。(4)多倍体植株中出现4裂和5裂叶片的变异体。     

Real-Time Soil CO2 Respiration Rate Determination and the Comparison between the Infrared Gas Analyzer and Microrespirometer (MicroRes®) Methods

Soil carbon dioxide (CO₂) respiration is one of the important soil health parameters that provides a general assessment of soil microbial activity and soil quality. Soil respiration rates, however, have not been widely applied in soil testing protocols mainly because the traditional methods are either inconvenient, technically cumbersome or too expensive. Currently, only two methods are available for a true real-time soil respiration rate determination (<2 h): the infrared gas analyzer (IRGA) and the microrespirometer (MR or MicroRes^®) methods. We analyzed the real-time soil respiration rates of 20 soil samples from fifteen states after various periods of incubation using the IRGA method and the MR method. The measured soil respiration rates ranged from 0.4 µL CO₂/h/g to 9.0 µL CO₂/h/g. Both methods show precision in soil respiration determinations (CV = 12.7% and 11.9%, respectively). Comparison of the results between the IRGA and MR methods indicates high degrees of agreement (r² = 0.914). This study shows that the MR method is a simpler and more cost-effective alternative for real-time soil respiration rate determinations.     

Chemical Characterization of Cow Manure and Poultry Manure after Composting with Privet and Cypress Residues

ABSTRACT

Investigating available nutrients and non-essential elements in manures is important for safe management of animal and plant waste. Therefore, this study was carried out to chemically characterize cow manure (CM) and poultry manure (PM) after co-composting with privet and cypress residues. Results showed that heavy metals concentrations in manures varied as Fe > Zn > Mn > Cu > Ni > Pb > Cd. Addition of privet and cypress residues to both manures altered the extractability of heavy metals after composting. Higher concentrations of heavy metals were observed in manures at 1:0 ratio while lowest was noted in both CM and PM composted with plant residues at 1:2 ratio. Total K, Ca, and Mg significantly increased when CM and PM were co-composted with privet and cypress residues. There was an increase in the P content in co-composted CM with privet residual application whereas a reduction in total P was noticed with the addition of cypress plant residues in both manures. Manures amended with plant waste reduced N content. Both CM and PM retained higher NO₃ content without plant residues.     

左旋肉碱的生理功能及在功能性食品中的应用

左旋肉碱是一种人体内的天然物质,能够加速脂肪酸的代谢,具有减肥等多种生理功能。该文主要介绍了左旋肉碱的化学结构和生理功能,并对其在保健食品中的应用进行了阐述。      

天津滨海盐土的脱盐碱化及其防治

天津滨海盐土在长期治理过程中由于盐土的脱盐碱化，以及缺少有机肥料和低矿化（高钠）碱性水灌溉等原因，已出现了程度不等的碱化土壤。试验表明，应用有机无机改土剂和增施有机肥、深耕深翻、咸淡水混合灌溉等农艺措施，并与工程措施、生物措施相结合进行综合治理，能收到明显的改良效果。     

不同类型土壤团聚体化学稳定性分析

以4种不同类型土壤为研究对象,在室内用干筛的0.25~5 mm的团聚体以容积密度为1.40 g/cm3装填到环刀中,用5种不同浓度的氯化铵溶液分别浸润饱和24、48和72 h后,以纯水为介质采用降水头法测定土壤饱和导水率,探讨了不同类型土壤团聚体的稳定性对盐溶液的反应特征及抗化学物质的破坏能力。结果表明:土壤饱和导水率并非常数,4种供试土壤饱和导水率在不同浓度氯化铵溶液和浸泡时间处理下均呈显著变化,总体表现为盐浓度越高、浸泡时间越长,土壤饱和导水率越小,但不同类型土壤对盐溶液的响应差异显著。由此可得,在纯水中水稳性较强的土壤团聚体却不一定是化学稳定性强的,团聚体的化学稳定性随其胶结剂的类型、数量与质量不同,对土壤溶液中化学物质响应差异显著。     

大豆化学诱变育种及其规律的研究

应用化学诱变剂处理大豆种子,对M_1代植株的生育及形态均有强烈的抑制作用.M_1代所产生的形态变异主要是由于化学物质扰乱了植株生理而产生生理损伤所致.在M_2代植株各性状中以分枝数、株高、单株荚数的遗传变异系数较大,说明这些性状选择的潜力是大的,通过选择容易达到预期目标.诱变M_3代绝大多数性状仍在分离.加强选择,能选出早熟、大粒、农艺性状好、丰产的新品系.     

太子参种子特性及种胚离体诱导培养技术研究

采用解剖学观察和无菌诱导培养技术研究太子参种子特性并离体诱导培养种胚。结果表明:太子参种子由外种皮、内种皮、外胚乳和胚构成,胚由子叶、胚芽、下胚轴和胚根组成,其中胚芽非常细小;种子具休眠特性,需要后熟过程才能自然萌发;种子的外胚乳对胚的萌发有抑制作用,剥去种皮和外胚乳的裸胚在培养基MS+6 BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.2mg/L中能很快被诱导萌发生长,萌发率78.3%。说明太子参种胚通过离体诱导培养,可有效解决种子的休眠现象,这为实现太子参无病毒种苗的工厂化育苗提供新途径及技术支持。