Influence of selected bactericides on biofilm formation and viability of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri

Citrus Bacterial Canker (CBC) is a serious disease that affects production of almost all commercial citrus cultivars in subtropical citrus growing regions worldwide. The causal agent, Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc), is classified as a quarantine pathogen in European Union (EU) which necessitates treatment of citrus fruit before entry into the EU marketing zone. In this study, the effectiveness of selected bactericides for leaf and fruit disinfection was evaluated. Bacterial aggregation and viability were assayed on abiotic or biotic surfaces in vitro and in planta after treatments with NaCl, CuSO₄, NaClO, sodium orthophenylphenate and two hydrogen peroxide based compounds. Most of the bactericides at higher concentrations reduced biofilm formation and Xcc viability compared to the non-treated control, but did not completely prevent or remove biofilms or eradicate Xcc from either biotic or abiotic surfaces. Some of the bactericides at sub-lethal concentrations increased aggregates in which Xcc was viable. Based on these results, we conclude that exposure to the bactericides is variable depending on biofilm formation and that plant and fruit disinfection will not only require treatment with an effective bactericide to kill the bacterium but also include the biofilm disruption.     

应用排除法分析两种天敌对桔全爪螨的控制作用

采用排除法，分析桔园中两种主要天敌对桔全爪螨的控制作用。试验表明，在一定益害数量比例条件下，尼氏钝绥螨或深点食螨瓢虫，均可在短期内发挥控制作用，将桔全爪螨种群数量控制在较低的密度。当尼氏钝绥螨：桔全爪螨为１：２０时，１个月后猎物密度从２６头／叶降至１头／叶以下，而对照中则保持在２０头／叶。当深点食螨瓢虫：桔全爪螨为１：２５时，１个月后猎物数量从２９头／叶下降至９．５头／叶。两种天敌共同作用时，猎物     

化控种衣剂对大豆籽粒灌浆过程及产量形成的影响

以垦农4号为材料,研究了化控种衣剂和常规种衣剂对大豆籽粒灌浆过程和产量形成的调控,探讨了内源激素作用的生理机制。结果表明,大豆应用化控种衣剂可以提高生育后期叶源和根源的生理活性;内源激素含量的变化利于籽粒内容物的充实和产量的形成;应用化控种衣剂平均比常规种衣剂增产13.9%。     

Comparing greenhouse sprayers: the dose-transfer process

Three sprayers were evaluated for their affect on retention and efficacy: a carbon dioxide powered high-volume sprayer, a DRAMM coldfogger, and an Electrostatic Spraying Systems (ESS) sprayer with air-assistance. The active ingredients used were spinosad and azadirachtin. The plant canopy was constructed in the greenhouse using potted soybeans (Glycine max (L) Merrill cr Pioneer 9392). Application efficacy with spinosad was assessed using thrips [Western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande)] and mite (two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch) abundance on shoots and leaves. Application efficacy with azadirachtin was assessed using thrips and aphid (soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura) abundance on shoots and leaves. The atomization characteristics of each sprayer were measured using an Aerometrics phase/Doppler particle analyzer (PDPA) 100-1D. The results of four tests are presented. Two tests used each sprayer according to manufacturer recommendations. These are 'recommended volume' tests that confound differences in toxicant distribution caused by the sprayer with differences caused by changes in application volume. The other two tests were 'constant volume' tests in which all three sprayers were used to deliver the same application volume. Both types of test gave differences between sprayers in retention of toxicant, but only the recommended volume tests showed significant effects of the sprayers on pest abundance. We attribute this difference to the role played by changing application volumes in the dose-transfer process. The constant-volume tests showed that application equipment influences efficacy.     

国产表阿佛菌素驱除山羊胃肠道线虫的临床试验

对145只自然感染胃肠线虫的山羊进行了国产表阿佛菌素驱除胃肠线虫的临床疗效试验.单次给药治疗21 d后,其0.1、0.2、0.4 mg/kg组的精计驱虫率均为100%,驱净率分别为100%、100%和90%～100%,粗计驱虫率分别为100%、100%和99.4%～100%,均显著优于阳性对照组(0.15%、0和0)和对照药物盐酸左旋咪唑组(38.4%、35%～85%和66.5%～85.9%)(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),表明表阿佛菌素具有明显的驱除胃肠线虫作用,其临床推荐剂量为0.2 mg/kg.     

猪传染性胸膜肺炎新型亚单位菌苗对小鼠的效力研究

利用大肠杆菌表达猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌的分泌毒素ApxⅠ、ApxⅡ、ApxⅢ，提取表达产物包涵体，再加入我国流行的猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌7型菌，和等量弗氏佐剂乳化后制成亚单位菌苗，免疫BALB／c小鼠，间隔2周加强免疫1次。每次免疫后采血检测毒素I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的EuSA抗体和7型菌的血凝抗体，第2次免疫2周后用5LDso的猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌1型、7型菌株进行攻毒。结果发现第2次免疫后抗体水平显著升高，用2种血清型进行攻毒后其保护力分别为83．3％和91．7％，从死亡小鼠的体内分离到了攻毒菌株，初步的动物试验表明此种新型亚单位菌苗对同型和异型的APP菌株具有较好的保护力，为进一步研制高效的亚单位菌苗打下基础。     

Brucella abortus RB51: enhancing vaccine efficacy and developing multivalent vaccines

Brucella abortus vaccine strain RB51 is an attenuated, stable rough mutant that is being used in many countries to control bovine brucellosis. Our earlier study demonstrated that the protective efficacy of strain RB51 can be significantly enhanced by overexpressing Cu–Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD), a homologous protective antigen. We have also previously demonstrated that strain RB51 can be engineered to express heterologous proteins and mice vaccinated with such recombinant RB51 strains develop a strong Th1 type of immune response to the foreign proteins. The present study is aimed at combining these two characteristics to generate new recombinant RB51 vaccines with enhanced abilities to protect against brucellosis and simultaneously able to protect against infections by Mycobacterium spp. We constructed two recombinant RB51 strains, RB51SOD/85A which overexpresses SOD with simultaneous expression of the 85A, a protective protein of Mycobacterium spp., and RB51ESAT which expresses ESAT-6, another protective protein of M. bovis, as a fusion protein with the signal sequence and few additional amino terminal amino acids of SOD. Mice vaccinated with these recombinant strains developed specific immune responses to the mycobacterial proteins and significantly enhanced protection against Brucella challenge compared to the mice vaccinated with strain RB51 alone.     

球孢白僵菌混合制剂的加工研究

球孢白僵菌混合粉剂是由５１％的孢子粉、２０％紫外保护剂、２５％载体和４％的灭幼脲Ⅲ号,经正交设计优化配方得到。室内生物测定结果表明,此剂对３～４龄马尾松毛虫幼虫ＬＴ５０为５．７ｄ。林间放菌防效达７４．２７％。室温下贮藏０．５ａ,孢子萌发率比高孢粉剂提高１０倍以上。     

玉米大斑病菌毒素结构的确定及几种类似物的毒性比较

 通过对玉米大斑病菌Ht-毒素组分1与标准5-羟甲基-2-呋喃甲醛核磁共振¹H谱比较,进一步明确了组分1的化学结构。用玉米离体叶浸渍法及离体根冠细胞致死生测法对Ht-毒素组分1、5-羟甲基-2-呋喃甲醛、呋喃甲醇、呋喃甲醛、呋喃甲酸进行毒性和致病活性比较,结果表明,Ht-毒素组1、标准样品及几种毒素类似物在供试浓度范围内对寄主玉米均有高度的生物毒性,其中以呋喃甲酸毒性最大。从TLC扫描光谱和色谱来看,5-羟甲基-2-呋喃甲醛确为Ht-毒素的一种主要毒性组分,而且该化合物在体内外随着不断氧化,生物毒性逐渐提高。     

三株拮抗细菌对辣椒青枯病的防治试验

生防菌bio-1、bio-2和bio-P为稻瘟病生防菌,为了测试其对辣椒青枯病的防治作用,本实验利用其发酵原液及其100倍、200倍和300倍稀释液进行室内抑菌试验和盆栽防治试验。结果显示,生防菌bio-1、bio-2和bio-P发酵原液抑菌能力最强,抑菌圈直径分别为20.25㎜、30㎜和19.25㎜;生防菌bio-1的发酵原液和200倍稀释液对辣椒青枯病的预防效果达66.7%,100倍稀释液和300倍稀释液的预防效果分别为33.3%和50%;而生防菌bio-2的100倍稀释液的防治效果达100%,发酵原液的预防效果为66.7%,200倍稀释液和300倍稀释液的预防效果分别为16.7%和50%,这二株生防菌对辣椒青枯病均无治疗效果。