Addition of Leucaena-KX2 mulch in a shaded coffee agroforestry system increases both stable and labile soil C fractions

Agroforestry systems have the potential to increase sequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) as soil organic carbon (SOC) because of the increased rates of organic matter addition and retention. However, few studies have characterized the relative stability of sequestered SOC in soil. We characterized SOC storage in aggregate size and chemical stability classes to estimate the relative stability of SOC pools after the addition of Leucaena-KX2 pruning residues (mulch) from 2006 to 2008 in a shaded coffee agroforestry system in Hawaii. Soil samples were separated by microaggregate isolation, density flotation and dispersion, and acid hydrolysis, resulting in five distinct fractions that differed in relative stability: coarse particulate organic matter (POM), fine POM, microaggregate-protected POM, silt + clay hydrolyzable soil organic matter (SOM), and silt + clay non-hydrolyzable SOM. With mulch addition, the fine POM fraction increased. There was also a shift in the proportion of SOC to more stable silt + clay fractions. In the absence of mulch there was no significant change in SOC fractions. Given that the turnover time of SOC in silt + clay fractions is on the order of decades to centuries, the potential benefits of active shade management and mulching compensate for the loss of C sequestration in tree biomass from pollarding.     

内蒙古草地退化防治对策及碳增汇途径研究

全球变化背景下草地生态系统的退化及碳循环过程是生态学、地学、植物学和农学领域的研究热点之一。本文介绍了草地退化的概念、层次及退化现状,探讨了开垦、放牧、气候变化等人为因素和自然因素对内蒙古地区草地退化的驱动作用,重点分析了草地退化对碳循环过程的影响机制及退化草地恢复的固碳潜力,以期加深对草地生态系统退化及恢复过程中碳循环动态变化的理解。本文提出了内蒙古退化草地恢复过程中尚需解决的主要问题以及草业和畜牧业可持续发展的战略计划,以期为草地碳增汇方面的研究提供新的思路,并为决策者合理调整草地利用和保护布局提供理论基础。     

低碳经济下绿色证券市场资源配置研究

随着经济高速发展,高耗能、高污染的问题日益严重,通过绿色证券资源配置可以达到低碳、环保的目的。该文分析了绿色证券市场的资源配置模式,并对中国绿色证券市场的现状进行了分析;最后从上市条件、制度和立法等方面对提高绿色证券市场资源配置效率提出了具体的对策。     

区域性森林碳汇效益补偿机制——以黑河地区为例

在对区域性森林碳汇效益补偿机制的理论框架研究的基础上,以黑河地区森林碳汇效益补偿为例,采用森林碳密度法,并结合森林资源调查数据的有关统计结果,对该地区森林碳储量进行核算;然后采用按GDP总量配比方法,确定了森林碳汇效益的补偿标准。结果表明:截止到2007年,黑河林区森林总碳储量为3.50×106t,碳密度为178.97 t/km2,区域森林碳汇效果显著;黑河地区森林碳汇效益补偿费基准价(以万元GDP计)164.45元,截止2007年,全区应缴纳补偿费共计4.36×107元;黑河地区5×106元以上规模工业企业,截止2007年平均缴纳森林碳汇补偿费约4.356×105万元,其年度应缴纳费用仅为4 356元/a,征收森林碳汇补偿费对相关企业无显著影响,表明征收区域森林碳汇效益补偿费是可行的。     

《土壤肥料学》教学过程中固碳思想的融入与加强探讨

介绍了固碳思想产生的背景,在此基础上提出《土壤肥料学》教学过程中固碳思想融入与加强的必要性,并从提高教师专业素质,优化课程教学内容,丰富课程教学方法,注重实践能力培养等方面探讨了实现途径.     

Carbon mineralisation in soil adjacent to plant residues of contrasting biochemical quality

A fraction of the C of residues incorporated into soil diffuses into the adjacent soil where it is eventually mineralised by microorganisms. Our aim was to quantify the contribution of this adjacent soil to the overall mineralisation of residue-C. For this, we incorporated two different residues labelled with ¹³C, with contrasting biochemical characteristics, namely mature wheat straw and young rye leaves, in soil cores. When 15% mineralisation of residue-C was measured for both residues, we separated a particulate fraction (the residues), the adjacent soil (4-5 mm thick) and a distant soil fraction, and incubated them separately for 5 h. We found that 76% of the mineralised wheat straw-C came from the particulate fraction and 23% from the soil adjacent to the residues. For rye leaves, 67% of the evolved CO₂ came from the particulate fraction and 33% from the adjacent soil. It showed that the adjacent soil had a significant role in the mineralisation of carbon from the residues, even if the main source of residue-derived CO₂ was the particulate fraction itself. The functional importance of the soil adjacent to the residues increased with the amount of soluble organic compounds that had been leached from the residue into the adjacent soil, suggesting a strong interaction between the initial quality of the crop residue and the resulting spatial heterogeneity of the decomposing microorganisms and C within the soil.