细胞水平高赖氨酸小麦选择的研究

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Effects of CO2 enrichment on young plant growth of 96 genotypes of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)

Summary The early growth of 96 genotypes of tomato was studied at 320 ppm CO₂ and at 750 ppm CO₂ in separate climate rooms. Plants were harvested at 40 and 55 days after sowing. Fresh and dry weights were determined. Large differences between genotypes were found for average plant fresh and dry weights and for relative growth rates. The average overall growth enhancement by CO₂ enrichment was 2.3. Two genotypes showed significant genotype x CO₂ interaction. The consequences of these results for tomato breeding are discussed.     

Production of interspecific hybrids between Glycine max and G. tomentella through embryo culture

Summary Interspecific hybrids have been obtained in an incompatible cross between Glycine max and G. tomentella through the in vitro culture of hybrid embryos. The percentage of successful pod setting in the crosses averaged 12.8% but there were marked differences depending on the soybean cultivar used as the female parent. Hybrid embryos at globular to heart stages were extracted from the embryo sac 15–25 days after pollination and cultured in vitro. Hybrid plants were successfully obtained by culturing the embryos on B5 medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/l IBA followed by culture on B5 medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/l TBA plus 0.25 mg/l 2-iP. The F1 plants resembled the wild male parent in growth form, but had an intermediate leaf shape between that of the parents.     

Comparative Morphological Studies of Microspore Derived and F2 Plants Obtained from an Interspecific Rice Hybrid Oryza sativa Linn. ×O. rufipogon Griff.)*

Anther culture of an interspecific rice hybrid from a cross of Oryza sativa× O. rufipogon was attempted. Of the 117 regenerated pollen clones, 56 could survive to maturity. A majority of these were either haploids or doubled haploids and very few turned out to be chromosomal variants. Comparative study of doubled haploids and the seed derived F₂ plants indicate the distinct advantages of anther culture techniques. (1) Androgenic plants, though few in number, showed greater ariation for all the traits with the exception of ear bearing tillers. (2) Predominance of recombinants with wild traits was observed in F₂ segregation. (3) It was possible to recover indica type recombinants among the anther-derived plants with one or two traits introgressed from O. rufipogon. These results suggest the feasibility and utility of anther culture in distant hybridization for incorporation of alien variation into cultivated rice.     

Breeding behavior for tuber protein in Solanum tuberosum and Tuberosum-phureja hybrids

Summary True protein content among tubers within a plant of Solanum tuberosum cv. Oneida was found to be negatively correlated with tuber size. A similar study of S. phureja genotype 148-17 revealed no correlation. Tuber protein was determined for 250 genotypes in each of four hybrid potato populations in a factorial mating design with four potato cultivars as stylar parents mated to four groups of pollen parents (4x cultivars, 4x high protein selections, 2x S. phureja, 2x high protein S. phureja). The hybrid population derived from the 4x high protein selections was significantly higher in protein content than the other populations. High estimates of general combining ability for tuber protein content were found for both stylar and pollen parents. Poor photoperiodic adaptation to growing conditions in northern latitudes was a possible explanation for the variable protein phenotypes typical of S. phureja and the lack of transmission of the high protein character in phureja to 4x-2x hybrids. Although protein content was negatively correlated with total yield, high protein segregates with good yield potential were identified in all four populations.Scientific Journal Series Article 11, 616 of the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station.     

不含 SBTI-A_2的基因导入我国大豆的遗传表达

大豆 Glycine max(L.)Merrill 种子中的主要营养抑制因子是 Kunitz 胰蛋白酶抑制剂(SBTI—A_2)。经利用标准 SBTI 比较谱带的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)分析方法,证实了我国栽培大豆中豆19、临沂81-551、通县元豆、中作84-C_(42)和中作84-C_(02)均属 Ti~aTi~a 型。并利用上述5个黄淮海夏大豆品种或品系与美国不含 SBTI-A_2(titi)品系 L_(81-4590)和 L_(83-4387)杂交,在7个组合的 F_2代中得到了 titi 型。其表型比例为3∶1,符合孟德尔单基因遗传规律。进一步的研究正在进行中。     

亚硝酸盐添加对土壤硝化和反硝化基因转录活性及N2O排放的影响

设施菜田土壤氧化亚氮（N2O）脉冲式排放期间通常伴随着亚硝酸盐（NO2-）的大量积累,为揭示NO2-对设施菜田土壤N2O排放的影响机制,以两种典型蔬菜种植区土壤（碱性土壤/酸性土壤）为研究对象,通过室内培养试验,对比厌氧和好氧培养条件下添加NO2-后两种土壤无机氮转化与N2O、氮气（N2）和二氧化碳（CO2）等气体排放,以及氨氧化单加氧酶α亚基调控基因（amoA）、亚硝酸盐还原酶调控基因（nirK和 nirS,统称nir）和N2O还原酶调控基因（nosZ）的丰度和转录情况。结果显示：受pH等环境因素影响,土壤中NO2-含量并不一定与N2O排放之间存在相关性,但添加NO2-的处理显著增加了两种土壤的N2O排放量和N2O/(N2O+N2)指数（IN2O）（P<0.05）。碱性土壤中,60 mg?kg-1外源NO2-对土壤CO2排放无明显抑制作用,厌氧培养条件下nirK基因、好氧培养条件下amoA和nirS基因均出现了添加NO2-后转录拷贝数显著高于空白处理的现象,而nosZ基因无此现象。酸性土壤中,amoA转录活性整体较低,好氧空白处理时nirS基因转录拷贝数随培养时间的延长而增加（P<0.05）;60 mg?kg-1外源NO2-明显降低了酸性土壤的CO2排放量、相关基因的丰度及转录拷贝数。上述结果显示,土壤中积累的NO2-会通过诱导nir基因转录与N2O还原酶竞争电子和抑制N2O还原酶活性等途径,增加土壤的IN2O,影响有氧条件下N2O的排放途径,研究结果将为探索设施菜田土壤氮素高效利用和N2O减排提供科学依据。     

猪粪沼液培养微藻系统中试试验

为实现猪粪沼液资源化的大规模应用,该研究以小球藻（Chlorella E2E）为试验藻种,开展了中试规模的\     

Impact of Supplemental Calcium Chloride on Yield,Quality, Nutrient Status,and Postharvest Attributes of Tomato

Little is known regarding the impact of calcium chloride applications during growth and development on tomato postharvest quality. This trial investigated supplemental calcium chloride applications on yield, nutrient content, texture, and postharvest quality of tomato fruit. Calcium (Ca) nutrient solution concentrations were: 60, 180, and 360 mg·L^?1 calcium, while foliar applications were (0, 1, and 2% calcium chloride w/v). Plants grown with 60 mg·L^?1 Ca had a high incidence of blossom end rot, which was not affected by calcium chloride sprays. Fruit nutrient concentrations were affected by calcium delivered through the nutrient solution. As fruit cluster position increased, fruit nutrient concentrations significantly decreased. Foliar calcium chloride sprays affected fruit soluble solids content and dry weight, but did not affect texture. Pericarp elasticity increased concomitantly with calcium in the nutrient solution. Postharvest disease incidence was not affected by calcium treatment, though weight loss during storage was negatively affected by calcium chloride sprays.     

基于GF-1和Sentinel-2时序数据的茶园识别

由于茶园大多分布在地形复杂的山区,地块破碎,分布零散,形状差异大、植被混杂且茶园所处环境长期受到云雨的影响,增加了茶园遥感识别的难度与不确定性,针对这一问题,该研究提出了利用高分1号(GF-1)和哨兵2号(Sentinel-2)时序数据提取茶园的方法,以浙江省武义县王宅镇为研究区,采用GF-1号为主要数据源,并利用MO...