CPPU对促进猕猴桃果实增大的研究Ⅰ．CPPU的使用浓度和方法

通过多年、多点试验，研究了ＣＰＰＵ促进猕猴桃果实增大的效果。结果表明：５－４０ｍｇ·１￣（－１）的各种浓度的处理都明显地增大了猕猴桃的果实，效果异常突出，增长幅度在２０％－１９０％之间。１０－３０ｍｇ·１￣（－１）处理效果之间似乎没有显著差异，推荐最适使用浓度为１０－２０ｍｇ·１￣（－１）。浸果和果面喷两种方法都可采用，关键是处理要均匀。ＣＰＰＵ与其它植物生长调节剂混用可以提高促进果实增大的效果，在生产上有更大的潜力。     

‘红阳’猕猴桃自然生长果和CPPU处理果的生长发育动态

对广西桂北地区的‘红阳’猕猴桃自然生长果和CPPU处理果的生长发育进行研究,并对比两种果实的生长发育特点。结果表明,‘红阳’猕猴桃果实单果重、纵径生长变化呈"快速生长-较快生长-缓慢生长-较快生长"4个阶段,果实横径生长变化呈"快速生长-较快生长-缓慢生长"3个阶段;6月3日(落花45天)靠近果心的果肉开始转为红色,7月1日(落花75天)有少量种子变为黑色;果实的果心大小、干物质含量、可滴定酸含量的生长变化呈单曲线缓慢增大或增高趋势;果实果汁率的生长变化呈"高-低-高"趋势;果实可溶性固形物和全糖含量的生长变化呈"慢-快-慢-快"的"S"型增长趋势;在落花25天用10mg/L CPPU溶液处理幼果后,可促进果实生长膨大,提高内质,加快成熟,降低果实干物质含量,增大果心,但没有改变果肉和种子颜色的变化时间以及各指标生长峰值的出现时间,果实大小、内质的生长变化趋势基本和自然生长果的一致。     

喷施外源CPPU和GA对菠萝果实品质的影响

菠萝(Anaaas comosus L.)是一种重要的热带水果.为了探讨2种外源的植物生长调节剂CPPU和GA对巴厘品种产量和品质的影响.对花后20d和35d的果实,分别喷施5、10、20、50 mg,L的N-(2-氯-4-呲啶基)-N'-苯基脲[N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N'-phenylurea,CPPU]和赤霉素(GA_3),并以喷施清水作对照.结果表明,20mg/L的CPPU和50 mg/L的GA_3显著促进菠萝果实重量的增加,与对照相比单果重分别增加9.1%和14.9%;促进可溶性总糖的积累,但50mg/L GA_3处理更为显著,使可溶性总糖增加量达36.9%;并促进总酸含量的增加,使果实的pH值略有降低;而另一方面,可溶性同形物和Vc含量没有显著性差异.表明选用50mCL的GA_3处理菠萝果实,能显著提高果实的单果重量.但对果实品质基本没有影响.     

膨大素对樱桃番茄生长发育的影响

以樱桃番茄品种“冀东216”为试材,研究了不同时期喷施不同浓度膨大素对樱桃番茄生长发育的影响,以确定喷施的最佳时期及喷施浓度.结果表明:开花期喷施膨大素的效果显著好于坐果后喷施;经膨大素处理的番茄,生长速度、单果重、产量明显提高;可溶性固形物含量、坐果率、果穗附近的叶绿素含量及硬度也有不同程度的增大.以1 100倍液浓度的花期喷施膨大素对樱桃番茄的膨大效果最佳.     

外源激素诱导西瓜单性结实的研究

 通过 5因子 (1/ 2 )二次通用旋转回归设计与分析 ,探明了各外源激素对西瓜子房发育的影响程度 ,依次是NAA >2 ,4 D >CPPU >BA >GA3 ;在NAA 116～ 118μg·g-1、2 ,4 D 2 7μg·g-1、GA3 2 5 μg·g-1、CPPU 110～ 116 μg·g-1、BA 2 1～ 2 2 μg·g-1时 ,对西瓜子房发育效应最大。外源激素处理西瓜诱导单性结实的适宜时期为子房开花当天及花后 1d ,以微滴喷雾法于开花当天及花后 1d各处理 1次 ,可有效促进西瓜子房发育成正常商品无籽果实。外源激素诱导早、中熟西瓜单性结实 ,其坐果率 (95 %～ 10 0 % )及商品果率 (90 %～ 95 % )均比晚熟品种高 ,但平均单果重小于晚熟品种。外源激素诱导子房所发育的果实 ,可溶性固形物含量较高 ,达 9.87%～ 11.10 %。     

葛枣猕猴桃组织培养中的器官形成与植株再生

以葛枣猕猴桃(Actinidiapolygama)的叶柄为外植体,通过愈伤组织的形成产生不定芽从而建立了高效的再生系统。在附加蔗糖(30g/L),琼脂(8g/L)和植物生长调节物质IBA(0、0.01、1、10μmol/L)与CPPU(0、0.1、1μmol/L)的全组合培养基中,IBA和CPPU对愈伤组织的形成有促进作用。不定芽从叶柄形成的愈伤组织表层分化出来,CPPU对不定芽的分化有良好的促进效果,而高浓度的IBA对不定芽的分化有抑制作用。将分化的枝芽转移至含有1μmol/LNAA的BW培养基上,40d后发根率为100%,并长成健康植株。     

CPPU对番木瓜干旱胁迫的保护作用

干旱胁迫下,番木瓜叶片水势、可溶性蛋白质、叶绿素含量和SOD活性明显下降,而电导率、POD活性、MDA和H2O2含量则显著上升。分别用10、30、50mg/L的CPPU预处理有效地降低了干旱条件下番木瓜叶片细胞的MDA、电导率和H2O2含量的增加程度,并能减缓叶片叶绿素总含量和可溶性蛋白质含量的降低。试验表明CPPU是通过减轻干旱对番木瓜引起的自由基伤害来提高番木瓜的抗旱能力,其中以30mg/L浓度的CPPU处理效果最好。     

Sucrose metabolism in watermelon fruit is affected by fruit-setting method under plastic film greenhouses

Fruit set represents the very first step of fruit development. This study investigated the effect of different fruit-setting methods [1-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-3-phenylurea (CPPU) treatment, artificial pollination, and honey bee pollination] on the concentrations of fructose, glucose, and sucrose, and the activities of sucrose metabolising enzymes of watermelon fruit under plastic film greenhouse conditions. No significant difference in fructose and glucose concentrations was observed among the three treatments at fully ripe stage of fruit [33 days after anthesis (33 DAA)]. However, artificial and honey bee pollination significantly increased sucrose concentration. Measurement of sucrose metabolising enzyme activities and correlation analysis demonstrated that the increased activity of SuSy-s (sucrose synthase, synthesis direction) is the key mechanism of increased sucrose concentration in the artificially pollinated and honey bee pollinated fruits. The concentrations of fructose, glucose, and sucrose were similar between artificially pollinated and honey bee-pollinated fruits at fully ripe stage (33 DAA). Therefore, we can conclude that artificial and bee pollination can improve the sweetness of watermelon fruit. In addition, the honey bee can provide a pollination service that is similar to that of artificial pollination for watermelon grown in a protected cultivation system.     

The use of CPPU for efficient propagation of pineapple

The use of forchlorfenuron (N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N′-phenylurea) (CPPU) for efficient propagation of pineapples was investigated. About 85% of axillary buds can be forced to sprout by soaking defoliated stem pieces (12 cm in length) in a 2.5 or 5.0 mg l⁻¹ CPPU solution for more than 3 h. The use of old stems taken from the third or fourth ratoon plants had the advantage of less liability to fungal decay, as compared to young stems from the first crop plants. The CPPU treatment combined with the removal of shoots from stems at monthly intervals significantly increased the number of shoots per stem piece (about 15 shoots per piece at 5.0 mg l⁻¹ CPPU), and resulted in a more uniform shoot size (the percentage of shoots within a range of 5–15 cm in length was about 90% at 5.0 mg l⁻¹ CPPU). The rooting of shoots was easily promoted within 1 month by treating the basal portion of shoots with 20 mg l⁻¹ indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) for 15 min. The CPPU method required about 5 months for plantlet propagation. From these results, we found that pineapple plantlets could be efficiently propagated by the following method: (1) soaking defoliated stems in a 2.5–5.0 mg l⁻¹ CPPU solution for more than 3 h; (2) harvest of developed shoots from the stems at regular intervals; and (3) promotion of rooting on the shoots at 20 mg l⁻¹ IBA for 15 min.     

CPPU对春季大棚萝卜糠心、抽苔和产品的影响

本文以上海地区广泛栽培的“四季小政”、“白玉春”、“天春”和“上农９３６”作供试材料。自肉质根开始膨大时用５ｍｇ／Ｌ的ＣＰＰＵ溶液进行叶面喷洒,每４天喷洒１次,共喷４次。研究结果表明,ＣＰＰＵ能有效地抑制春季大棚萝一的糠心和抽苔,同时显著地提高了萝一肉质根的产量。