Integrated agricultural management practice improves soil quality in Northeast China

ABSTRACT

Sustainable agricultural management practices have attracted increasing attention due to their significant roles in benefiting the functions and sustainability of agro-ecosystems. An integrated agricultural practice (IP) in a maize cropping system was developed by changing row spacing, adopting no-tillage and residue return in the Northeast China. A 12-year field study was carried out to evaluate the effect of IP and conventional practice (CP) on soil physical properties, microbial biomass and enzyme activity during the cropping season. The results showed that soil organic matter under IP was increased by 17.4, 9.88 and 6.69% in June, August and October, respectively, than CP. IP enhanced microbial biomass C (by 31.7, 25.1 and 30.4% in June, August and October) and activities of invertase, urease and phosphatase (by 27.2–38.0, 78.9–182 and 9.8–29.0%) compared to CP, possibly attributing to an increase in the soil microbial community. Furthermore, the soil pH, water content, nitrogen and phosphorus contents, microbial biomass and some specific enzyme activities varied with sampling time. It is concluded that IP improved soil quality and health by increasing organic matter content and microbial biomass and activity in maize field in Northeast China, suggesting that IP is a feasible management technology for sustainable agriculture.     

氮肥和密度对毯状苗移栽油菜碳氮积累、运转和利用效率的影响

【目的】研究油菜育秧盘毯状苗移栽,大田不同氮肥和密度耦合对油菜碳氮积累、运转和利用效率的影响,探讨植株碳氮代谢与油菜产量形成的关系。【方法】以宁杂1818油菜品种为试验材料,通过毯状苗的培育和移栽试验,比较不同年份、氮肥以及密度条件下碳氮积累、运转以及利用效率差异。【结果】油菜毯状苗适宜条件下移栽也可以获得3 750 kg·hm~(-2)高产。不施氮肥以及225 kg·hm~(-2)氮肥处理条件下随着密度增加产量显著增加,在300 kg·hm~(-2)氮肥处理和125 000穴/hm~2移栽密度条件下1穴1株、1穴2株和1穴3株间产量无显著差异。油菜植株中碳素积累能力显著高于氮素积累能力,初花期前植株C/N比较低,为16.30,初花期后C/N比较高,为114.37。碳素籽粒生产效率、氮素籽粒生产效率随着氮肥用量增加呈下降趋势,其中氮素籽粒生产效率随施氮量增加下降幅度更大。初花期至成熟期叶片氮素运转率最高,不同处理变化范围为73.90%—78.56%,其次是茎枝氮素运转率,变化范围为38.96%—67.08%,根中氮素运转率最低,变化范围为24.45%—37.06%。不同处理叶片中氮素运转率差异较小,茎枝和根中氮素运转率随着氮肥用量增加逐渐降低。初花期至成熟期叶片碳素运转率为正值,不同处理变幅为23.16%—29.08%,随着密度增加叶片碳素运转率总体上呈增加趋势,不同氮肥处理间差异相对较小。初花期至成熟期根和茎枝仍然以积累碳素为主,两者碳素运转率表现为负值。【结论】油菜毯状苗机械移栽,可有效提高茬口较迟地区的油菜生产能力。油菜在初花期之前氮代谢能力强,初花期以后碳代谢能力强,前期氮素供应有利于植株营养体的建成,从而使得后期积累更多的碳素,促进后期的产量形成。     

C肉毒杀鼠素在高寒草甸地区灭鼠技术中的应用

综述C肉毒杀鼠素草原灭鼠应用技术,充分肯定了C肉毒杀鼠素毒力强、适口性好、对非靶动物毒性低、作用缓慢、无二次中毒、易降解和适合规模灭鼠的特点,为鼠害防治提供了新的思路。     

侧耳与香菇属间原生质体融合育种研究

侧耳、香菇皆属四极性异宗结合食用菌,其异核双核菌丝体均具“锁状联合”形态标记。本研究以PEG-Ca~(++)为诱导剂,以紫孢侧耳和香菇Cr-20的原生质体再生单核体为亲株,进行侧耳与香菇的属间原生质体融合,结果从1022个融合再生体中镜检出16个具锁状联合遗传标记的融合株。对1～4号融合株与亲株进行的拮抗反应、双单交配、过氧化物同功酶谱分析及菇形特征对比皆证明融合株确具双亲杂合体特征。出菇验证表明,融合株菌丝体长速均快于亲株,出菇期早,菇产量近于或高于亲株侧耳的水平。     

Effect of ischemia or hypoxia on vascular endothelial growth factor production in rat myocardium and its significance

AIM:To determine the relationship between ischemia, hypoxia and the production of vascular endothelial growth factor in rat myocardium and its basic mechanism. METHODS:(1) 28 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: group A, normal control;group B, 1 day's acute myocardial infarction;group C, 3 day's acute myocardial infarction;group D, 7 day's acute myocardial infarction. (2) Rat cardiac myocytes cultured were primarily divided into some groups, hypoxia incubated 24 hours; PMA groups, hypoxia incubated 24 hours with PKC activator (PMA), A 0 ng/mL; B 10 ng/mL; C 100 ng/mL; D 1 000 ng/mL; Chelerythrine groups, hypoxia incubated 24 hours with PKC inhibitor (chelerythrine), A 0 nmol/L; B 10 nmol/L. (3) By computer scanned and quantitated, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein was detected with immunohistochemical technique. RESULTS:The longer time of ischemia and hypoxia was, the higher the VEGF production.The relat ionship was found between the time of ischemia or hypoxia and the production of VEGF.The product ion of VEGF protein was further promoted by PMA with different concentrat ion, decreased by chelerythrine.CONCLUSION: Ischemia or hypoxia strongly stimulated the production of VEGF in myocardium, which played an important role in autoprotecting of ischemic or hypoxic myocardium. Hypoxia-induced PKC activation is one kind of basic mechanisms in this course.     

预氧丝原位炭化无粘结剂C/C复合材料氧化动力学研究

采用恒温热重法测定了在空气中，０．１ＭＰａ，６７３Ｋ到９７３Ｋ下预氧丝（即预氧化聚丙烯腈纤维）原位炭化无粘结剂Ｃ／Ｃ复合的氧化失重率；并利用扫描电镜分析了这种复合材料氧化前后的结构，氧化动力学测定结果表明：该材料在氧化开始时，其氧化速率随时间的增长而增大，然后随时间的延长而减小，并趋向恒定，研究表明：该材料中预氧丝与基体炭界面结合处是空气中氧的扩散通道，杂质为空气中氧的吸附起到了有附活性中心的催化     

C语言教学中的启发式教学应用研究

启发式教学方法是各种教学方法的灵魂,这种教学方法符合由感性到理性、由现象到本质的认识规律,融入了过程式教学思想.在c语言教学中利用启发式教学方法,能够充分调动学生学习C语言的积极性、主动性和创造性,引导学生通过自己的独立思考,融会贯通地掌握的C语言基础知识,并能从实际应用角度培养学生分析问题和解决问题的能力,增强自学能力和创新能力.基于启发式教学的基本思想,研究C语言教学过程中的启发式教学的具体应用方法.     

In vitro metabolism of ovarian steroids by bovine whole blood and plasma

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of time and temperature on the potential of bovine whole blood (WB) or plasma (PL) to metabolize the ovarian steroids progesterone, estradiol-17β and testosterone. During a radioimmunoassay study (Experiment 1), we observed a temperature and time-dependent reduction (P<0.001) of plasma progesterone concentrations in samples incubated as WB at 5, 15, 25, or 35C for up to 48 hr. Most notable was the observation that 27% of progesterone present in controls was lost when WB was incubated at 5C for 48 hr and a 17% reduction was observed when PL samples were incubated at 35C for 48 hr. Immunoreactive estradiol-17β concentrations (Experiment 2) in PL and WB incubates were not affected by time or temperature. However, immunoreactive testosterone concentrations increased more than 3-fold by 48 hr in WB incubates held at 35C. To examine the latter observation further, ³H-progesteone was incubated with WB at 35C, followed by extraction and thin-layer chromatography (Experiment 3). Results generally supported RIA findings and revealed the presence of significant 17α-hydroxylase, 17–20 lyase and aromatase activity. Heretofore this has not been considered to occur outside major steroid metabolizing organs.     

碳包覆改性对LiMn_(0.5)Fe_(0.5)PO_4/C复合材料电性能的影响

本文比较和分析了柠檬酸、酒石酸、月桂酸三种碳源对LiMn_(0.5)Fe_(0.5)PO_4/C材料电化学性能的影响。采用流变相法合成,通过恒流充放电测试等手段分析,结果表明,以柠檬酸为碳源合成的LiMn_(0.5)Fe_(0.5)PO_4/C表现出优异的倍率性能和循环性能。     

双辽市草场的蒺藜草及其危害

介绍了蒺藜草的生物学特性及其在双辽市草场上的分布和对畜牧业的危害。