普通田菁根瘤菌及其类菌体的碳源研究

普通田菁(Sesbania cannabina)根瘤菌属快生型,24小时形成菌落,杆状,大小为0.28～0.47μm×1.3～2.5 μm,运动,具两根侧生鞭毛,类菌体形态与其培养基上形态相似。能广泛利用碳源。产能基质试验结果表明,类菌体不能利用蔗糖,丙酮酸是最有效的能源,其次是葡萄糖、α-酮戊二酸、延胡索酸、琥珀酸、草酰乙酸、乳酸和苹果酸,果糖利用较差。类菌体的固氮酶活性从 10 m mol·L~(-1)始随基质浓度递增而增加,琥珀酸和丙酮酸分别在 200和300mmol·L~(-1)时达最高活性,而葡萄糖达 500 mmol·L~(-1)时乙炔还原活性还在上升,未出现抑制现象。葡萄糖为产能基质要求低氧浓度,当氧浓度为反应瓶气体体积的2％时,类菌体乙炔还原活性最高,6％时活性很低,而丙酮酸,琥珀酸为基质,类菌体适应氧浓度范围比较宽,在6％时固氮酶活性最强。     

蔗渣堆沤过程的变化特征与“有效C／N比值”的应用研究

本研究测定不同堆沤时限蔗渣（新鲜和堆沤３，６，９及１２个月蔗渣）的理化性质，详细探讨蔗渣堆沤后的变化特征；并用分离的各蔗渣组分和多种纯无氮有机物来调节沙培系统的Ｃ／Ｎ比值，进行微生物夺取速效氮强度的模拟试验，查明了蔗渣中各组分和多种纯无氮有机物对微生物的有效性，确定蔗糖，淀粉，半纤维素和纤维素是微生物有效（速效）的碳源，而木质素是无产（迟效）的碳源。从而提出以“有效Ｃ／Ｎ比值”代替以往人们常用的“     

九种野菜在不同贮藏环境中维生素C含量的变化

采用冷藏、抽真空冷藏和漂洗冷冻三种贮藏环境下研究九种野菜维生素C含量变化表明：三种贮藏环境条件下九种野菜的维生素C损失率均随着贮藏时间的增加而增加,漂洗后冷冻处理可使野菜能保存较长时间,同一种野菜不同贮藏环境下维生素损失率的影响显著性也不同。     

新疆橐吾属（Ligularia Cass）新种

本文报道新疆橐吾属２新种，即新疆橐吾Ｌｉｇｕｌａｒｉａ　Ｘｉｎ　ｊｉａｎｇ　ｅｎｓｉｓ　Ｃ．Ｙ．Ｙａｎｇ　ｅｔ　Ｓ．Ｌ．Ｋｅｎｇ和天山橐吾Ｌｉｇｕｌａｒｉａ　ｔｉａｎｓｃｈａｎｉｃａ　Ｃ．Ｙ．ＹａｎｇｅｔＳ．Ｌ．Ｋｅｎｇ。     

杀虫单微乳剂提高对小菜蛾和水稻纵卷叶螟防治效果的原理

用Zisman方法测定水稻和甘蓝叶片的临界表面张力分别为36.70mN/m和36.40mN/m。用GB5549－90方法测定杀虫单微乳剂推荐剂量药液的表面张力为30.02mN/m左右,小于水稻和甘蓝苞菜叶的临界表面张力,药液中表面活性剂达到或超过了临界胶束浓度,室内和田间试验表明,杀虫单微乳剂提高了对水稻纵卷叶螟和甘蓝小菜蛾的防治效果,减少50％左右的杀虫单用量。     

长期施用不同有机肥对土壤各粒级复合体中C、N、P含量与分配的影响

 通过田间试验研究了长期定位施用不同有机肥种类对土壤各粒级复合体组成及其中C、N、P含量与分配的影响。结果表明 ,经过 1 4年 2 9茬连续施肥 ,土壤的复合体组成较对照发生了改变 ,0～ 2 μm粒级的含量减少 ,2～ 1 0 μm粒径颗粒所占的比重增加 ,其它粒级变化较小。不同粒级复合体中有机碳、全氮及全磷含量的高低顺序为 :<2μm>2～ 1 0μm>50～ 1 0 0μm >1 0～50 μm,尽管 1 0～ 50 μm粒级有机碳、全氮与全磷的含量都最低 ,但因该粒级占土壤固相的比重最多 ,因此该粒级中 C、N、P对土壤肥力的贡献较大。长期连续施肥后土壤及不同粒级中 C、N、P的含量都增加 ,但不同元素在不同粒级中的增幅因肥料种类而异。从分配系数上看 ,长期施入土壤的N、P肥主要进入 2～ 1 0 μm粒级的颗粒中 ,说明该粒级对土壤养分的循环、转化和保存起重要作用     

细胞色素C氧化酶的纯化及动力学性质研究

采用硫酸铵分级沉淀和CytochromeC -Sepharose 4B亲和层析 ,从牛心线粒体中纯化了细胞色素C氧化酶 (CytochromeCOxidase ,简称CCO ) ,其比活性为 1 7 88s- 1 ·mg- 1 ,聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳为一条带 ,血红素A (HemeaA)含量达到 1 5 4nmol/mg。纯化后的CCO具有典型的CCO特征 ,还原态CCO峰值出现在 60 5nm和 443nm ,氧化态CCO峰值出现在 598nm和 42 4nm。CCO的稳态动力学参数Vm1、Km1、Vm2 、Km2 分别为 1 42s- 1 、 0 53μmol/L、 2 71s- 1 、 1 81 μmol/L。     

流式细胞术检测TcR Vα24/Vβ11双阳性NKT细胞及其在HCV感染者中的应用

目的研究丙肝病毒感染者外周血NKT细胞含量与HCV感染状态之间的相关性.方法应用流式细胞术检测TcR Vα24/Vβ11双阳性NKT细胞.结果抗-HCV阳性且HCVRNA也阳性的病例NKT细胞数量明显低于抗-HCV阳性而HCV RNA阴性的病例（P〈0.01）,明显低于正常对照组（P〈0.05）.结论由于NKT细胞数量减少或活化受阻,造成HCV的持续感染,不利于病毒的清除;另一方面,由于肝内有HCV的存在,NKT细胞大量向肝内趋化,导致外周血的数量相对减少.     

Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of the CrDAT gene and selection of transgenic periwinkle lines with a high vincristine accumulation

Catharanthus roseus contains vincristine and vinblastine, which are outstanding drugs for cancer. In the biosynthetic pathways of terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs) in C. roseus, deacetylvindoline 4-O-acetyltransferase (DAT) is a key enzyme that catalyses the last reaction of vindoline biosynthesis to form vinblastine and vincristine. In this study, the CrDAT transgene was transferred into the periwinkle by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and generated transgenic periwinkle lines with an increase in vincristine accumulation. The C. roseus DAT gene was introduced into C. roseus plants and it was confirmed that CrDAT was successfully transferred into the genome of periwinkle plants and efficiently translated to synthesise recombinant DAT protein. Four transgenic periwinkle lines in T1 generation, T1-1, T1-3, T1-6, and T1-7, expressed recombinant DAT protein with the total protein content in the range of 2.86 μg.mg^?1 to 5.12 μg.mg^?1. Moreover, the vincristine contents of four transgenic lines increased by 1.63?2.48-fold compared to non-transgenic plants, ranging from 6.91 µg.g^?1 (fresh weight) to 10.53 µg.g^?1 (fresh weight). The T1-1 line had the highest vincristine content. Hence, the overexpression of the recombinant DAT protein can improve the vincristine accumulation of transgenic C. roseus plants.

Abbreviation: CrDAT - Catharanthus roseus Deacetylvindoline-4-O-Acetyl Transferase; D4H - Deacetoxyvindoline 4-hydroxylase; ELISA - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Monoterpene indole alkaloid; T0, T1 - Generations of transgenic plants; TIAs - Terpenoid indole alkaloids; WT- The wild-type tobacco plants (non transgenic plant); 35S - Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter     

Identification and verification of quantitative trait loci for eating and cooking quality of rice (Oryza sativa)

This study was conducted to identify new quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that have stable effects for eating and cooking quality (ECQ) of rice. Three recombinant inbred line populations of indica rice were each planted in two years. Three traits for ECQ, amylose content (AC), gel consistency (GC) and alkali spreading value (ASV), were measured for QTL analysis. A total of 13 QTLs were detected, including four for AC, six for ASV and three for GC. Two QTLs, qGC4 in the interval RM16252–RM335 on the short arm of chromosome 4 and qGC6.2 in the Alk region, were validated in a population derived from a residual heterozygote that was homozygous at the major locus Wx. In the absence of segregation at the Wx locus, qGC4 and qGC6.2 had additive effects of 2.46 and 8.18 mm, respectively, offering a potential for improving GC property of rice varieties. Comparison between qGC4 and previous results suggests that qGC4 is likely a new QTL for GC, providing a candidate for gene cloning and functional characterization.