产蛋鸡日粮中添加Vc的效果试验

选取海兰商品蛋鸡１０８只,分为对照和试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ３组,每组３６只,分别饲喂添加０、１００、２００ｍｇ／ｋｇＶｃ的蛋鸡日粮。４２天的试验结果：Ⅰ组提高蛋鸡产蛋数６．３６％,饲料转化效率提高６．７％,经济效益增加１７．０２％;Ⅱ组降低蛋鸡产蛋数１．４５％,降低饲料转化效率２．９４％,比对照组少收入６．３％。说明适宜的Ｖｃ添加量能显著提高产蛋鸡的生产性能。     

Genetic diversity,anti‐microbial resistance,plasmid profile and frequency of the Vi antigen in Salmonella Dublin strains isolated in Brazil

Salmonella Dublin is strongly adapted to cattle causing enteritis and/or systemic disease with high rates of mortality. However, it can be sporadically isolated from humans, usually causing serious disease, especially in patients with underlying chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to molecularly type S. Dublin strains isolated from humans and animals in Brazil to verify the diversity of these strains as well as to ascertain possible differences between strains isolated from humans and animals. Moreover, the presence of the capsular antigen Vi and the plasmid profile was characterized in addition to the anti‐microbial resistance against 15 drugs. For this reason, 113 S. Dublin strains isolated between 1983 and 2016 from humans (83) and animals (30) in Brazil were typed by PFGE and MLVA. The presence of the capsular antigen Vi was verified by PCR, and the phenotypic expression of the capsular antigen was determined serologically. Also, a plasmid analysis for each strain was carried out. The strains studied were divided into 35 different PFGE types and 89 MLVA‐types with a similarity of ≥80% and ≥17.5%, respectively. The plasmid sizes found ranged from 2 to >150 kb and none of the strains studied presented the capsular antigen Vi. Resistance or intermediate resistance was found in 23 strains (20.3%) that were resistant to ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, imipenem, nalidixic acid, piperacillin, streptomycin and/or tetracycline. The majority of the S. Dublin strains studied and isolated over a 33‐year period may descend from a common subtype that has been contaminating humans and animals in Brazil and able to cause invasive disease even in the absence of the capsular antigen. The higher diversity of resistance phenotypes in human isolates, as compared with animal strains, may be a reflection of the different anti‐microbial treatments used to control S. Dublin infections in humans in Brazil.     

林可霉素水溶性粉剂对由魏氏梭菌引起的鸡坏死性肠炎的药效研究

本文对新兽药制剂林可霉素水溶性剂，用人工感染发病的方法进行了药效学研究。     

Reduced protein kinase C activity and endogenous protein phosphorylation in ethionine-induced fatty liver in cows

Protein kinase C (PKC) activity was evaluated and the phosphorylation of its endogenous substrates was explored in fatty liver induced by administration of ethionine (an analogue of methionine) to cows in order to assess the relevance of PKC-dependent phosphorylation in the development of fatty liver. PKC activity was decreased in both the cytosolic and the total particulate fractions from fatty livers, compared to the corresponding fractions from control liver. The mode of activation by the PKC cofactors (1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, phosphatidylserine and Ca²⁺) was similar in both control and fatty livers, suggesting a quantitative but not a qualitative change in PKC in fatty liver. At least three substrate proteins (34 kDa, 26 kDa and 19 kDa) were found in the cytosolic fraction and their phosphorylation was reduced in fatty liver. These results suggest that impairment of the signal transduction pathway mediated by PKC is involved in the pathogenesis of fatty liver in cows.Abbreviations ATP adenosine triphosphate - EGTA ethylene glycol bis(-aminoethylether)-N,N,N,N-tetraacetic acid - NEFA non-esterified fatty acid - OAG 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol - PKC protein kinase C - PS phosphatidylserine - SDS-PAGE sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis - TG triglyceride - TPA 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate     

日粮中C3、C4 植物含量对牛肉品质和主要化学成分的影响

 为探讨C₃和C₄ 植物在日粮中的含量对牛肉品质和主要化学成分的影响,本试验选用大豆粕、小麦麸、小麦、棉籽饼、苜蓿干草作为C₃植物试验材料,选用黄贮玉米秸、玉米酒精糟、玉米作为C₄ 植物试验材料,选用36头西门塔尔杂种公牛作为试验动物开展了肥育和屠宰试验。结果表明,日粮中C₄ 植物含量对肥育牛增重、牛肉的脂肪酸、氨基酸（其中甘氨酸不确定除外）、水分含量以及牛肉的剪切力、蒸煮损失率、滴水损失率、大理石花纹评分和眼肌面积均没有显著的影响。日粮中C₃ 植物含量对肥育牛增重、牛肉的脂肪酸（其中十七烷酸不确定除外）、氨基酸（其中丝氨酸和苏氨酸不确定除外）、水分含量以及牛肉的剪切力、蒸煮损失率、大理石花纹评分和眼肌面积也均没有显著的影响。     

鸭疫里默氏杆菌的共感染情况调查

为了调查山东省鸭疫里默氏杆菌病与其他疾病的混合感染情况,对从山东省6个肉鸭养殖较多县(市)收集到的118份样品进行了大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和鸭病毒性肝炎的分离鉴定。结果显示,鸭疫里默氏杆菌和大肠杆菌单独感染分别占到样品总数的21.18%和11.86%,鸭疫里默氏杆菌与大肠杆菌和鸭病毒性肝炎的双重感染最为普遍,分别占到样品总数的38.14%和18.64%,鸭疫里默氏杆菌、鸭大肠杆菌、鸭病毒性肝炎的三重感染占到样品总数的6.78%。其中,鸭大肠杆菌的优势血清型为O₇₈和O₉₂,分别占总分离株数的16.90%和15.49%,其次是血清型O₉₃和O₁₄₂,分别占到总分离株的11.27%和8.45%。     

水貂TYR基因T138A位点多态性及其与毛色性状的关联分析

试验旨在检测水貂酪氨酸酶（tyrosinase,TYR）基因T138A位点的多态性,并分析其与水貂毛色表型的相关性。提取5种被毛色型430只水貂血液基因组DNA,采用PCR-RFLP技术,对TYR基因T138A位点进行多态性检测,统计等位基因频率与基因型频率,通过卡方（χ²）独立性检验分析该位点多态性与水貂毛色性状的相关性。结果表明,T138A位点存在2个等位基因T和A,形成TT、TA和AA 3种基因型,AA基因型在吉林白水貂群体中为优势基因型（0.9069）,而TT基因型为金州黑水貂、珍珠水貂、咖啡水貂和银蓝水貂群体的优势基因型,其中在金州黑水貂群体中基因型频率最高（1.0000）。关联分析表明,TYR基因T138A位点的多态性与毛色性状呈极显著相关（P<0.0001）。表明TYR基因T138A位点可能是影响水貂毛色的主控位点或与调控白色被毛表型主控位点连锁的分子标记。     

鸵鸟红细胞免疫功能研究

应用红细胞Ｃ３ｂ受体花环（Ｃ３ｂＲＲ）和免疫复合物花环（ＩＣＲ）试验,证实鸵鸟红细胞表面存在补体Ｃ３ｂ受体（Ｃ３ｂｒｅｃｅｐｔｏｒ,Ｃ３ｂＲ）,表明红细胞免疫系统（Ｒｃｄｃｅｌｉｍｍｕｎｅｓｙｓｔｅｍ,ＲＣＩＳ）的概念亦适用于这种动物;鸵鸟红细胞不但有传统医学观念上的功能,而且还可借助ＣＲ１（ＣｏｍｐｌｅｍｅｎｔｒｅｃｃｐｔｏｒｔｙｐｅＩ）进行免疫粘附,并以此为基础,表现出各种重要的免疫功能。     

蓝狐多重感染的病原学及主要病原的分子生物学特性

2006-2007年期间,山东6地区规模化毛皮动物养殖场出现母狐空怀、流产,幼狐呼吸困难,鼻孔出血,气喘并伴有腹泻、死亡等症状,为探明病因,对发病场进行流行病学调查和送检的236份病料组织进行病原学检查,结果表明造成该病的主要原因是由绿脓杆菌(Pseudomonas aerudinosa)、沙门菌(Salmonella)、大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)和普通变形杆菌(Proteus vulgaris)共感染所致.这4种细菌单独感染、二重感染、三重感染和四重感染的平均感染率分别为50%、45.8%、3.8%和0.4 0%.在分离的4种细菌中以绿脓杆菌的分离率为最高,达到86%,对该痛原又进行(G+C)mol%、16SrRNA序列同源性和系统发育分析,构建了包括9株邻近种属细菌在内的系统发育树,其中与绿脓杆菌(AJ249451)同源性最高,为99.2%,进一步确定该病原菌属于假单胞菌属中绿脓杆菌.本研究为目前规模化毛皮动物养殖场蓝狐病的原因提出了新的思路,为疾病的防治提供了依据.