不同含水量天然硫酸盐盐渍土中二氧化碳和氧化亚氮的排放

Soil salinization may negatively affect microbial processes related to carbon dioxide(CO_2) and nitrous oxide(N_2O) emissions. A short-term laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of soil electrical conductivity(EC) and moisture content on CO_2 and N_2O emissions from sulfate-based natural saline soils. Three separate 100-m long transects were established along the salinity gradient on a salt-affected agricultural field at Mooreton, North Dakota, USA. Surface soils were collected from four equally spaced sampling positions within each transect, at the depths of 0–15 and 15–30 cm. In the laboratory, artificial soil cores were formed combining soils from both the depths in each transect, and incubated at 60% and 90% water-filled pore space(WFPS) at 25?C. The measured depth-weighted EC of the saturated paste extract(EC_e) across the sampling positions ranged from 0.43 to 4.65 dS m~(-1). Potential nitrogen(N) mineralization rate and CO_2 emissions decreased with increasing soil EC_e, but the relative decline in soil CO_2 emissions with increasing ECe was smaller at 60% WFPS than at 90% WFPS. At 60% WFPS, soil N_2O emissions decreased from 133 μg N_2O-N kg~(-1) soil at EC_e 0.50 dS m~(-1) to 72 μg N_2O-N kg~(-1) soil at EC_e = 4.65 dS m~(-1). In contrast, at 90% WFPS,soil N_2O emissions increased from 262 μg N_2O-N kg~(-1) soil at EC_e = 0.81 dS m~(-1) to 849 μg N_2O-N kg~(-1) soil at EC_e = 4.65 dS m~(-1), suggesting that N_2O emissions were linked to both soil ECe and moisture content. Therefore, spatial variability in soil EC_e and pattern of rainfall over the season need to be considered when up-scaling N_2O and CO_2 emissions from field to landscape scales.     

Specific Responses of Soil Microbial Residue Carbon to Long-Term Mineral Fertilizer Applications to Reddish Paddy Soils

Mineral nutrient inputs to soil may alter microbial activity and consequently influence the accumulation of microbial residues. In this study, we investigated the effects of application rates and ratios of mineral fertilizers on the microbial residue carbon(MRC) of reddish paddy soils after long-term(15-year) fertilizer applications in southern China. Contents of three soil amino sugars as microbial residue contents were determined and MRC were calculated based on amino sugars. Results showed that three individual amino sugar contents increased as fertilizer application rates increased until maximum values were reached at a rate of 450-59-187 kg ha~(-1) year~(-1)(N-P-K). The three amino sugar contents then declined significantly under the highest mineral fertilizer application rate of 675-88-280 kg ha~(-1) year~(-1)(N-P-K). In addition, to enhance the microbial residue contents, it was more beneficial to double P(N:P:K= 1:0.26:0.41) in fertilizers applied to the P-deficient reddish paddy soils than to double either N(N:P:K = 2:0.13:0.41) or K(N:P:K= 1:0.13:0.82). The contents of the three individual amino sugars and microbial residues under different fertilizer application rates and ratios were significantly and positively correlated with soil organic carbon(SOC), total N, total P, and p H. Increases in values of the fungal C to bacterial C ratios showed that soil organic matter(SOM) stability increased because of the fertilizer applications over the past 15 years. The contents and ratios of amino sugars can be used as indicators to evaluate the impact of mineral fertilizer applications on SOM dynamics in subtropical paddy soils. The results indicated that fertilizer applications at a rate of 450-59-187 kg ha~(-1) year~(-1)(N-P-K) may improve crop yields, SOC contents, and SOC stability in subtropical paddy soils.     

基于SNP标记的玉米株高及穗位高QTL定位

为进一步弄清玉米株高和穗位高的遗传机理,为育种生产提供服务,本研究以K22×CI7、K22×Dan3402个F₂群体为作图群体,利用覆盖玉米10条染色体的SNP标记构建了2个连锁图谱。并将这2个F₂群体衍生的分别含237和218个家系的F_2:3群体用于田间性状的鉴定。用复合区间作图模型对2个群体的株高、穗位高表型进行QTL定位分析,结果显示,在武汉和南宁两种环境条件下共定位到21个株高QTL和27个穗位高QTL;单个QTL表型变异贡献率的变幅为4.9%~17.9%;株高和穗位高QTL的作用方式以加性和部分显性为主;第7染色体上可能存在控制株高和穗位高的主效QTL。     

不同覆盖方式对植烟土壤温度和水分及烤烟品质的影响

不同覆盖方式的比较试验结果表明,秸秆与地膜双覆盖能够协调烤烟生长全过程的土壤温度,并且地温日变化幅度小,蓄水保墒作用显著。秸秆单覆盖对土壤性状改良与秸秆和地膜双覆盖相似,烟叶内在化学成分较协调,品质较高,但由于在烤烟生长前期不能提高土壤温度,使得烟叶生长速度较慢,产量下降;地膜单覆盖对土壤性状改良不及秸秆单覆盖和秸秆与地膜双覆盖,秸秆和地膜双覆盖使0~20cm土层含水量平均比露地栽培提高16.82%,比秸秆单覆盖提高6.45%,比地膜单覆盖提高5.43%,而且烟叶成分较协调,产量与产值也较高。     

利用籼粳交探讨水稻株高和抽穗期的遗传基础

广亲和基因的发现,克服了籼粳交杂种不育的矛盾,但杂种后代株高过高、抽穗期延迟等问题仍然限制着籼粳亚种间杂种优势的利用。本试验利用一个籼粳交(珍汕97/武育粳2号)双单倍体群体(doublehaploidpopulation,DH系)及其分别与两亲本回交构建的两个回交群体,考查了株高和抽穗期的遗传,将三个群体的表型值和两个回交群体的中亲优势值进行了数量性状位点(quantitativetraitlocus,QTL)检测及效应分析,并对结果进行了比较。2个性状在3个相关群体中一共检测到了21个主效QTL和10个上位性QTL,主效QTL的数目和贡献率都比上位性QTL大,而且,在10个上位性QTL中,发生在2个主效QTL间的互作有3个,主效QTL与背景位点间的互作有6个,2个互补位点间的互作仅有1个,进一步说明了主效QTL在株高和抽穗期遗传中的重要作用。比较加性和非加性QTL的作用,发现加性效应、显性效应和上位性效应是籼粳亚种间杂种株高和生育期变化的共同遗传基础。     

纽荷尔脐橙成年态节间茎段遗传转化研究

建立柑橘成年态节间茎段的离体再生和遗传转化系统是实现柑橘转基因育种实用化的前提基础。本试验以纽荷尔脐橙成年态节间茎段为试材,初步建立了脐橙成年态节间茎段的离体再生和遗传转化系统。结果表明采用改良的预处理灭菌法对成年态茎段进行消毒处理,污染率明显降低。节间茎段在MS＋3mg／L6-BA的培养基上,不定芽再生率较高。采用根癌农杆菌介导法将外源抗真菌病基因chit42导入其中,抗性芽通过二次嫁接后获得再生植株,PCR检测4株抗性植株中有2株扩增出该特异性条带,RT-PCR分析进一步确认外源基因chit42能够在转基因植株的基因组中表达。     

玉米种质C8605-2在品种改良中的应用

C8605-2是国内优良的玉米骨干自交系之一,它在新品种选育和种质改良创新中都得到了广泛的应用。加强其研究和利用,对丰富和发展种质资源、培育优良品种必将会起到极大的促进作用。     

Processing tomato quality as affected by irrigation scheduling

In Southern Italy the paucity of water is a very important problem and due to the fundamental importance of the water for the processing tomato, in this study the influence of irrigation on processing tomato quality was investigated in the years 2002 and 2003. A hybrid processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L. Mill cv. Ability) was treated with different water regimes obtained combining amount of water and irrigation interval. The effects of the trials were evaluated taking into account the physical and chemical characteristics of the fruits, as well as the content in antioxidants moieties. Furthermore, the relationship among all the quality parameters and the seasonal amount of irrigation water was evaluated.The results, comparing different water regimes obtained combining amount of water and irrigation interval, gave useful indications on the possibility to improve nutritional tomato quality by reducing irrigation water during tomato cropping. In particular, relatively to the Mediterranean areas of tomato cultivation and to the texture of the soil considered in this study, the best compromise between quality and quantity of the processing tomato fruit was achieved both with the extension of the irrigation interval (L40 or L60) and with the limitation of irrigation volume for the second part of the tomato crop cycle (thesis 100-50). Extending the irrigation interval and limiting irrigation volume for the second part of the tomato crop cycle, appeared to be the best management strategy to optimize the yield and nutritional quality of processing tomato.     

白菜S位点糖蛋白基因的克隆与表达分析

 以白菜自交不亲和系为材料,采用RT-PCR技术,用特异引物对SLG基因进行克隆,获得SLG基因cDNA序列长度为1 324 bp,命名为BcSLG。序列分析表明：所获得的白菜BcSLG基因cDNA序列包含一完整的编码框,编码432个氨基酸,含有12个保守的半胱氨酸残基和7个N-糖基化位点。序列比对和系统进化分析表明：BcSLG与其它植物的SLG基因氨基酸序列具有较高的同源性,与大白菜和甘蓝亲缘关系最近。荧光定量PCR分析表明：BcSLG基因在自交不亲和系的柱头中表达量最高,其次是花蕾,叶片中表达最低, 在自交亲和系的柱头、花蕾和叶片中相对表达较低。     

6CB-5.4型莲籽穿芯脱壳机控制系统的设计

根据6CB-5.4型莲籽穿芯脱壳机的工作原理设计出了该机的控制系统,该控制系统是基于一台89C51单片机来实现的.为此介绍了系统硬件和软件的设计思想和实现过程,达到了莲籽自动穿芯脱壳的目的,收到了较好的效果.＃