烤烟种烤分离生产模式对其经济效益和产质量的影响

为了推动现代烤烟的专业化生产,以烤烟种烤分离生产模式和常规生产模式进行比较,研究了其对烤烟经济效益和产质量的影响。结果表明:采用种烤分离生产模式能获得成熟度较好的烟叶,且烘烤成本降低141.74元/hm2,烟叶产值和烟农收益分别增加2 064.29元/hm2和2 031.03元/hm2,此模式在保障烟农收入的同时还能将烟农的劳动力从烟叶烘烤中解放出来;同时烘烤更专业,烤后烟叶质量有保障,初烤烟叶的外观质量和内在化学成分均优于常规生产模式,是现代烤烟生产发展的一种有效模式。     

不同变频风速对南江3号上部烟叶烤后质量的影响

为提高南江3号上部烟叶的烤后质量和香吃味,采用南江3号上部烟叶,在烘烤过程中控制密集烤房循环风机转速,研究了不同变频风速对烤后烟叶的外观、等级和主要化学成分的影响。结果表明:从烘烤开始至52℃时,风机转速1 450r/min;52～60℃时,风机转速960r/min;60℃至烘烤结束,风机转速720r/min,均能够提高烤后烟叶的等级质量和烟叶外观质量,提高烟叶化学成分的协调性,改善烟叶的香吃味。     

不同烤烟烘烤方式的烘烤效应研究

对不同烤房类型、装烟方式、装烟量,烘烤工艺进行对比试验,研究了烤烟不同烘烤方式的烘烤效应.结果表明,以密集烤房密集挂竿采用“改良密集烘烤工艺”的烟叶外观质量最好,上等烟比例(67.46％)和均价(16.63元/kg)最高,淀粉含量(2.75％)最低,耗煤量(1.12 kg/kg)最低;密集烤房半密集挂竿采用“普通密集烘烤工艺”烘烤外观质量及上等烟比例最差,淀粉含量(2.75％)较低,耗煤量(1.18 kg/kg)较低.总体上,密集烤房密集挂竿的烘烤效应优于散叶烘烤和普通烤房烘烤.     

密集烤房不同装烟量与烟叶不同凋萎程度的烘烤效应研究

对气流下降式密集烤房不同装烟量与烟叶不同凋萎程度的烘烤效应进行对比研究。结果表明,装烟量与烟叶凋萎程度的烘烤效应不同,有一定差异。轻度凋萎密集装烟(T2处理)与未凋萎半密集装烟(T1处理)相比,综合烘烤效应较好,烤后烟叶内在质量有所提高,烘烤成本明显降低。中性香气成分总量(新植二烯除外)有所增加,其中二氢-2-甲基呋喃酮、糠醇、2-环戊烯-1,4-二酮、香叶基丙酮含量分别增加154.64、107.14、66.67、92.08个百分点;上等烟比例提高8%,装烟重量增加77.07%,单位干烟叶耗煤量降低36.42%。     

烤烟易烤性QTL定位分析

利用易烤性好的烤烟品种云烟85和易烤性差的烤烟品种大白筋599杂交所得到的F2群体为作图群体,借助SSR分子标记技术,在群体中共获得91个多态性标记,利用Mapmaker3.0作图软件,构建了一个含17个连锁群、75个标记的烤烟遗传连锁图。利用该图谱和易烤性表型数据,通过复合区间作图法进行QTL检测,共检测到与易烤性相关的4个QTL,分别位于1、8、9连锁群上,可解释的表型变异分别为9.26%、8.87%、7.57%和7.83%。4个QTL的加性效应值均为正值,说明易烤性增加的效应均来自母本云烟85。     

不同烘烤工艺对津巴布韦烟叶产质量的影响

为了摸清津巴布韦烟叶烘烤特性和产质量,特进行津巴布韦烟叶烘烤工艺、中国三段式烘烤工艺和云南新烟区烟叶特色品质烘烤工艺试验研究.结果表明:云南新烟区烟叶特色品质烘烤工艺成本较低,为1.09美元/kg,烤后烟叶外观质量较好,即叶片组织结构疏松、成熟、有油分、色度强,评吸表现出香气量足、香气质细腻、焦甜香、透发性好、余味干净、劲头适中、刺激性较小,烟叶化学成分协调,是卷烟企业首选的优质烟叶.     

紫外光固化油漆涂布量对木地板漆膜性能的影响

为优化番龙眼实木地板基材的紫外光固化油漆涂布量,研究油漆涂布量对漆膜附着力、耐磨性、硬度及柔韧性的影响。结果表明:随着涂布量的增加,漆膜附着力降低,耐磨性能呈线性增大,柔韧性逐渐降低。在生产中,需综合考虑漆膜性能和基材种类,以确定最佳涂布量。     

密集烘烤过程中烟叶温度与烟叶形变的相关性

[目的]探究烟叶烘烤过程中烟叶温度与烟叶形变的相关性。[方法]使用烤烟叶温测量仪对整个烘烤过程中烟叶温度进行实时测量并自动记录,每隔9 h对烟叶形变数值进行测量记录。[结果]试验表明,烤烟烘烤过程中叶温与烟叶形变呈正相关,厚度收缩率大于横向收缩率大于纵向收缩率,且各收缩率在叶温达到41.7℃后明显增大。[结论]叶温可以真实反映烟叶的温度情况,叶温与烟叶形变规律对烘烤过程中烟叶形变判断具有指导作用。     

Peanut macronutrient absorptions characteristics in response to soil compaction stress in typical brown soils under various tillage systems

Soil tillage, a major agricultural management, could effectively alter soil structure and plant growth, particularly under groundnut plantations. To understand effects of different tillage measures on nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P) and potassium(K) absorptions and use efficiencies for peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), four tillage treatments: no tillage (NT), deep loosing (DL), deep plow (DP), and shallow plow (SP), were examined for two growing years at three typical peanut-producing sites of Qishan, Wangcheng, and Xiadian in Shandong, China. Results showed that average soil bulk density under DL, DP, and SP at the three sites was decreased by 7.1–19.5% compared with NT treatment for the 2 years. Significantly higher average total N accumulations in underground peanut part patterned as DP (163 kg/ha) > SP (149 kg/ha) > DL (144 kg/ha) > NT (117 kg/ha), while total N in aboveground peanut part was 8.7–22.1% higher under DP than other treatments. Absorptions of N, P, and K in underground parts were extremely significantly contributed to high peanut yields (P < 0.01), whereas increase of N and P absorptions in aboveground parts did not promote peanut yields. Soil bulk density was significantly negatively correlated with plant macronutrient amounts in underground peanut parts and peanut yields (P < 0.01). Moreover, N:P, N:K, and P:K ratios were similar between NT and noncompaction stress treatments of DL, DP, and SP. These results indicate that DP is a rational tillage practice for promoting nutrient uptake amount, efficiency, and peanut yields by alleviating soil compaction stress in peanut-producing fields.     

Effects of additions of organic matter on the penetration resistance of glacial till for the entire water tension range

Hardsetting soil properties are undesirable in agricultural soils because they hamper crop production by limiting seedling emergence and root growth via increased mechanical soil resistance at low moisture contents. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of additions of organic matter on the penetration resistance of a hardsetting soil for the entire water tension range. Investigations were carried out on Saalian glacial till, which is used as a reclamation substrate in post-lignite-mining reclamation. Proportions of 0%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% by mass of organic matter (OM) were used. The remoulded samples were saturated under a constant load of 2.4 kPa to achieve bulk densities equivalent to a soil depth of 15–20 cm via water-induced consolidation. Subsequently, the mixtures were adjusted to water tensions between 10⁰ and 10⁷ hPa and penetrated using a small cone penetrometer. Compared to 0% OM, the addition of 1% OM led to a very small but significant (P < 0.01) increase in the bulk density, while between 1% and 4% OM bulk density was seen to decrease in a linear fashion. At moisture contents greater than field capacity, penetration resistance values were consistent with the observed changes in bulk density, leading to an increase in the samples containing 0–1% OM to critical values for root-growth and a decrease for samples containing 2% and more organic matter reaching to values non-critical for roots. At moisture contents smaller than field capacity, penetration resistance values were inversely related to the bulk density, supporting the concept that the type of organic matter added contributed to soil cohesion. Modeling the relation between water tension and penetration resistance using a sigmoidal equation showed a high consistency between the observed data and the model.