茶油皂脚脂肪酸甲酯制备的水溶性改性胺固化物性能研究

以茶油皂脚脂肪酸甲酯制备的水溶性改性胺(CA-921)与水性环氧树脂固化,通过热重分析、差示扫描量热法(DSC)、机械性能测试及扫描电镜分析,研究了环氧树脂分散相粒子的粒径和黏度、环氧基与胺氢物质的量之比及固化温度对固化物性能的影响.研究结果表明,黏度及粒径均较小的水性环氧乳液AB-EP-20与固化剂CA-921复配所...     

Effect of bulk density and soil water tension on denitrification in the rhizosphere of spring wheat (Triticum vulgare

Summary Pot experiments were carried out to study the influence of bulk density (D _b), soil water tension (pF) and presence of plants (spring wheat) on denitrification in a low-humus B_t-horizon of a udalf. Pots of only 5-cm depth were found to be most suitable for the experiments when using the acetylene inhibition method. Almost homogeneous soil compaction between 1.1 and 1.6g soil cm^–3 was achieved by a Proctor tamper. Water tensions were adjusted by means of ceramic plates on which negative pressure was applied. No denitrification was detected in unplanted pots. With planted pots and increasing bulk density denitrification increased more in pots with 14-day-old plants than in pots with 7-day-old plants. With 14-day-old plants N₂O emission pot^–1 increased steadily from 2 mol at D _b 1.1 to 8 mol at D _b 1.6, when soil moisture was adjusted to pF 1.5, although root growth was impaired by higher bulk density. From an experiment with different bulk densities and water tensions it could be deduced that the air-filled porosity ultimately determined the rate of denitrification. When low water tension was applied for a longer period, water tension had an overriding effect on total denitrification. Denitrification intensity, however, i.e. the amount of N₂O g^–1 root fresh weight, was highest when low water tension was accompanied by high bulk density. The results suggest that the increase in denitrification intensity at oxygen stress is partly due to higher root exudation.     

烘烤过程多酚氧化酶抑制剂对烤烟多酚的影响

 选用4种多酚氧化酶抑制剂处理备烤烟叶,与对照进行烘烤比较试验。通过对烤后烤烟样品总酚、绿原酸、芸香苷含量及烘烤前鲜烟匀浆中多酚氧化酶活性的检测。比较结果显示：常规烘烤条件下4种抑制剂对烤烟多酚含量无明显影响;在不当的烘烤条件下,4种处理样品的多酚含量明显高于对照,其中对烤烟多酚降解抑制作用最强的是NaDiCa,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮相对弱些但无异味,它们可能是防止不当烘烤导致烟叶褐变的有效抑制剂。鲜活烤烟匀浆中4种抑制剂对多酚氧化酶活性抑制作用由强到弱依次为NaDiCa,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,EDTA和硫脲。匀浆酶活性检测结果与整叶烘烤处理后烤烟样品总酚含量高低顺序不完全一致,可能是不同抑制剂在烟叶组织中渗透性不一致引起,值得进一步研究。     

装烟密度对密集烘烤过程中烟叶主要生理指标的影响

采用河南农业大学设计的电热式温湿自控密集烤箱,对不同装烟密度和变黄温度下烟叶的淀粉酶、过氧化物酶(POD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(AAO)及叶绿素的动态变化作了探索性研究。结果表明:整个烘烤过程中,装烟密度为5 5～6 5kg/m3的处理烟叶淀粉酶、过氧化物酶、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶的活性相对较高,叶绿素含量最低     

2种类型烤房烘烤过程中气体成分变化的差异

【目的】研究烘烤过程中密集烤房和普通烤房内气体成分变化的差异,探讨其原因及对烟叶质量的影响。【方法】以烟株中部烟叶为试验材料,参照三段式烘烤工艺烘烤,利用气体分析仪测定烘烤过程中关键温度点密集烤房和普通烤房2种烤房内气体成分的变化。【结果】烘烤过程中,2种烤房内O2体积分数和O2/CO2均呈现出先降低后升高的趋势,且在各温度点均未达到显著性差异。CO2体积分数和O3含量均呈现出先升高后降低的趋势,密集烤房中CO2气体分数变化较为剧烈,且在42℃止显著高于普通烤房;在38℃起、止密集烤房内O3含量分别极显著或显著低于普通烤房,在42℃起~54℃止极显著高于普通烤房。【结论】烘烤过程中2种烤房内气体成分相同,变化趋势相似,其中CO2体积分数和O3含量差异明显,可以用作密集烤房气调指标,以改善烟叶质量。     

纳米二氧化硅对脲醛树脂胶性能的影响

研究了纳米SiO2对低摩尔比脲醛树脂游离甲醛含量、粘度、固化时间、羟甲基含量及胶合强度的影响,结果表明:纳米SiO2的加入可降低脲醛树脂胶的游离醛含量,增大粘度,提高胶合板的胶合强度,使羟甲基含量略有降低,但对固化速度影响不大     

香料烟有色膜棚调制过程生理特性研究

对云南保山香料烟在不同有色膜棚调制过程中呼吸强度、淀粉酶活性、相对含水量等生理指标进行了研究。结果表明,在调制过程中叶片呼吸强度、生理活性均有所改变。蓝色膜、土黄色膜和淡黑色膜可以显著提高调制前期叶片的呼吸强度;叶片采摘时淀粉酶活性最低,调制过程中淀粉酶活性发生明显的波动并呈现升高的趋势;调制过程淀粉含量降低,至调制结束时淀粉含量稳定在4%~7%的水平;无色膜、乳白色膜内叶片失水较快,淡黑色膜调制结束时叶片含水量大,达不到生产上的要求。有色膜调制有利于维持叶片的生理活性,各处理叶片调制过程平均淀粉酶活性、调制结束时叶片相对含水量和类胡萝卜素含量均高于对照,淀粉降解量也高于对照。     

热泵型烟叶自控密集烤房的应用研究

对热泵型烟叶自控密集烤房与普通烤房的性能及其所烤烟叶的品质进行了对比试验。结果表明,热泵型烟叶自控密集烤房性能较好,平面温差和垂直温差较小,风速适宜,通风排湿顺畅,烤房的能耗及用工减少;所烤烟叶颜色加深且色度均匀,平衡含水率和填充值适宜,出丝率高,化学成分间比例协调,香气质好,香气量足;说明热泵型烟叶自控密集烤房较普通烤房显著提高了烟叶的烘烤质量。     

Identification of RAPD markers linked to nut weight and plant stature in cashew

Cashew is an important edible nut crop of tropics. Bulk segregant analysis (BSA) was carried out on DNA bulks constituted from F₂ population and germplasm in order to link or associate molecular markers with economic characters. In all 458 RAPD, 31 ISSR and 21 pairs of SSR primers were used and identified polymorphic markers between parents. Though screening F₂ bulks with these markers identified markers polymorphic between the bulks but none could be validated with the individuals of their bulks. Hence screening with germplasm bulks was carried out and could identify four RAPD markers polymorphic between the bulks for nut weight and plant stature and also between the individuals of their bulks. Of the four, three markers were associated with nut weight amplifying at 775, 475, 275, bp region in primers OPN 14, UBC 184 and UBC 185 respectively. Out of these three, two markers were specific to low nut weight and one marker was specific to high nut weight and their bands were present in greater frequency (50–77.8% and 75%) of individuals constituting the respective bulks. Similarly, the another marker UBC 185₂₇₅ was detected which was specific to low plant stature and was present in 66.7% and 10% individuals constituting short and tall bulks respectively. Markers identified with bulks and with the individuals of bulks were validated further with more individuals of F₂ and germplasm.     

Hydro-physical responses of gypseous and non-gypseous soils to livestock grazing in a semi-arid region of NE Spain

Pasture productivity depends on soil hydro-physical properties, which in turn are deeply affected by livestock grazing. However, the comparative response of different soil types, and particularly gypseous soil types, to grazing has hardly been studied before. This paper compares the effect of grazing on the soil hydro-physical properties of silty gypseous (Gy) and non-gypseous (NGy) soils located in a semi-arid region (Middle Ebro Valley, NE, Spain). Two different soil managements were selected: ungrazed natural shrubland (N) and grazed shrubland (GR) soils. The gypsum, CaCO₃ and organic matter content (OM), soil texture, soil bulk density (ρ_b), penetration resistance (PR), saturated sorptivity (S), hydraulic conductivity (K), and the water retention curve (WRC) for undisturbed soil samples from 1 to 10 cm depth soil layer were measured. The ρ_b and PR in NGy soils were significantly higher than those observed in the Gy ones. Soil compaction due to grazing treatment tended to increase ρ_b and decrease the K and S values. While no differences in PR were observed in the Gy soils between grazing treatments, the PR measured in the NGy soils under GR was significantly higher than the corresponding values observed under N. Differences in K and S between GR and N treatments were only significant (p < 0.05) in NGy soils, where K and S values under the N treatment were almost four times greater than the corresponding values measured under GR. Overall, no differences in the WRCs were observed between soil types and grazing treatments. While the WRCs of NGy soils were not significantly affected by the grazing treatment, Gy soils under N treatment present a significantly higher level of soil macropores than under GR treatment. The hydro-physical features of Gy soils tended to be less affected by grazing than those of the NGy soils. These results suggest that livestock grazing, in both Gy and NGy soils, has a negative effect on the physical soil properties, which should be taken into account by land managers of these semi-arid regions where silty gypseous and non-gypseous areas coexist.