碎米蛋白的提取及多孔淀粉的制备

碎米蛋白和大米淀粉可以作为碎米综合利用的2个主产品。采用碱法将碎米蛋白和淀粉分离。研究表明:蛋白最适提取条件为碱液质量分数0.3%,提取时间8 h,提取温度为室温,料液比为15∶,蛋白得率67.3%。同时,研究了以碎米淀粉为原料,采用α-淀粉酶水解的处理方法制备多孔淀粉。研究表明多孔淀粉的最佳反应条件为:反应时间8 h,温度50℃,pH 6.0,α-淀粉酶用量1.5%,制备的多孔淀粉具有良好的吸水和吸油性能。     

煤矿覆岩离层注浆减缓地表沉降技术的应用

地表沉陷控制的关键是治理覆岩破坏。控制覆岩破坏的途径有多种,覆岩离层注浆减沉技术是一种控制覆岩破坏的新方法。本文介绍了该技术在国内外的应用情况,论述了注浆减沉的理论基础和减沉机理,并提出了下一步要解决的问题,为提高减沉率和推广该技术奠定了基础。     

海南红碎茶电子舌技术应用及其与感官审评比较

基于电子舌技术，对海南红碎茶样品进行分析，并与专家的感官审评结果进行比较。结果表明：电子舌技术主成分1和主成分2的味觉识别贡献率分别为90.592％和7.839％，区分指数为96.57，可以很好地区分不同碎级海南红碎茶的滋味；感官审评中不同等级海南红碎茶相似度与电子舌所得结果是一致的。     

The influence of organic litter on the erosive effects of raindrops and of gravity drops released from desert shrubs

This paper reports on a laboratory study of the effects of water drop impacts on litter and sand splash beneath desert shrubs. Individual drops of 5.7 mm diameter were released from heights of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 m (selected to encompass the height range of typical desert shrubs) onto targets of bare or partially litter-covered, saturated fine sand. The natural litter, largely derived from the saltbush Atriplex vesicaria, was collected from desert shrubland sites in western New South Wales (NSW). The drop impacts caused both sand and litter particles to undergo splash displacement. The mass of sand splashed was found to increase with drop fall height, while mass of litter particles splashed did not vary significantly with fall height. Weights of sand moved by airsplash were significantly diminished by surface litter applied at the rate of 200 g/m². These findings indicate that gravity drops released from desert shrubs may provide both an erosive force beneath these plants, and a means for dispersing litter from the plant base into the surrounding landscape, where litter may continue to affect hydrologic and erosional processes. By restricting splash of mineral particles, litter acts to limit soil splash from beneath shrubs, and in this way may contribute to the persistence of plant mound microtopography that is common in desert shrublands. Under open-field conditions, large raindrops delivered in convective showers must cause similar airsplash transport of litter particles, thus playing a role in the distribution of litter within the landscape.     

茶叶揉捻的数学模型

茶叶揉捻中,成条率随揉捻时间的增加而表现出二次曲线变化规律,其数学模型为: y=5.6277x-0.077x2-17.1439; 细胞破损率随揉捻时间的增加而表现出指数曲线的变化规律,y=85.3e-11.9/x;为了提高绿茶品质,揉捻时间宜控制在30~40 min。     

Preparation, physicochemical and texture properties of texturized rice produce by Improved Extrusion Cooking Technology

Using broken rice and rice bran as raw material, texturized rice (TR) was prepared by Improved Extrusion Cooking Technology (IECT) in which gelatinization is formed by means of low temperature and high pressure. The expansion of extrudate was hardly changed so that TR showed similar texture properties and shape with polished rices. The effect of rice bran addition (0% and 4%) and IECT conditions, including feed moisture content (26.6-33.4%), screw speed (20.1-32.6 rpm) and shearing compression metering zone temperature (SCMT, 69.8-120.2 °C) on the physicochemical, texture and nutritional characteristics of TR, were investigated by response surface methodology using Central Composite Design. When the bran addition was 4%, feed moisture content was 30%, screw speed was 26.6 rpm, SCMT was 95 °C, prepared TR contained 16.61 ± 0.02% of total dietary fiber, 9.40 ± 0.04% of protein, 3.68 ± 0.03% of fat, 2.42 ± 0.02 μg/g of thiamin, 0.52 ± 0.01 μg/g of riboflavin and 16.07 ± 0.12 mg/100 g of γ-oryzanol (dry matter content). The content increase of TDF for TR was 15.81% and the content increases of nutrients for thiamin, riboflavin, and γ-oryzanol were 1.39 μg/g, 0.24 μg/g, and 8.99 mg/g dry matter content, respectively, compared with those of polished rice.     

不同夏玉米品种及其密度对子粒机收质量的影响

选用不同基因型玉米品种,设置3个种植密度,研究不同基因型夏玉米子粒机收质量及其对种植密度的响应。结果表明,不同处理组合机收子粒破损率为1.03%～6.26%,杂质率为0.17%～2.12%,含水率为23.9%～35.80%。除60 000株/hm~2密度下创玉107、粒收1号和先玉335外,其他处理组合的破碎率均低于5%;所有处理组合杂质率均低于3%。随种植密度从60 000株/hm~2增加到90 000株/hm~2,机收脱粒时子粒含水率、破碎率和杂质率均呈降低趋势。机收子粒腐籽率为0.58%～5.89%,除迪卡517、华皖267和粒收1号外,其他品种均超过2%;90 000株/hm~2密度下子粒腐籽率显著高于60 000株/hm~2和75 000株/hm~2。在黄淮海地区评价玉米品种的子粒机收质量时需关注腐籽率。种植密度、基因型及其交互作用均显著影响子粒机收质量,基因型的影响效应大于种植密度。     

基于破窗理论的用户体验服务研究

对于高校图书馆来讲,任何“破窗”现象都会影响用户体验,只有对“破窗”现象实行“零容忍”,才能增强用户体验,提高服务质量。笔者从“破窗理论”的起源与内涵出发,详细分析了影响高校图书馆用户体验的“破窗”现象,并提出了相应解决措施,以期对高校图书馆用户体验服务起到一定的参考作用。     

新疆玉米机械收获籽粒含水率与相关性状的关系

采用大田试验,在新疆昌吉以18个玉米品种为材料收获5次,在新疆奇台以5个玉米品种为材料收获4次,分析籽粒含水率、品种及地区差异对玉米机械收获质量的影响。结果表明:两地籽粒破碎率和杂质率均与籽粒含水率呈极显著正相关关系,其中,含水率与破碎率符合二次曲线关系,与杂质率符合指数关系。昌吉和奇台各次收获满足损失率国家标准≤5%的样本量分别占总样本量的90.0%和87.5%,满足杂质率国家标准≤3%的样本量分别占总样本量的80.7%和87.5%,表明损失率和杂质率不是限制两地玉米机械粒收发展的主要因素。昌吉和奇台适宜机械粒收的籽粒含水率分别为15.4%～20.0%与12.3%～23.5%。     

稻谷加工业副产物碎米中蛋白的超声提取工艺研究

以稻谷加工业副产物碎米为原料,采用超声波技术提取其可溶性蛋白质,研究了不同超声处理时间、超声功率、固液比对碎米蛋白质提取率的影响。结果表明:超声提取碎米蛋白的最优条件是超声处理时间32 min、超声功率495W、固液比1∶15;在该条件下,碎米蛋白的提取率可达90.47%。