一株拮抗香蕉枯萎病菌的细菌HN-1的鉴定和拮抗作用的测定

在香蕉枯萎病园区中,从土壤中分离获得一株细菌HN-1,并进行对峙培养、孢子萌发抑制测定。结果表明:HN-1对香蕉枯萎病菌的菌丝生长、孢子萌发具有良好的抑制效果。经形态特征、生理生化特征和16SrDNA序列测定和分析,将HN-1鉴定为短短芽孢杆菌(Brevibacillus brevis)。与病原真菌对峙培养的结果表明,该菌株对供试的15种植物病原真菌均有很好的抑制作用。     

薏米香蕉保健饮品的研制

以薏米和香蕉为主要原料制成一种保健饮品.通过正交试验,确定最佳生产配比为：薏米与香蕉的比例为3∶1,蔗糖13％,柠檬酸0.2％.对饮料的可溶性固形物、pH值、还原糖、金属元素等指标进行测定,结果为,可溶性固形物11.0％;pH值3.13;还原糖含量24.5 mg·mL-1;Mn、Ca、K、Mg、Zn、Cu等6种金属元素的含量分别为5.444 0,4.711 0,0.146 5,0.019 2,0.001 8g·mL-1.Cd、Pb、Cr、Co等均未测出.     

Sugar and ethanol production as a rural development strategy in Brazil: Evidence from the state of São Paulo

Sugar and ethanol production are key components of Brazil’s rural development and energy strategies, yet in recent years sugar production has been widely criticized for its environmental and labor practices. This study examines the relationship between rural development and sugarcane, ethanol, and cattle production in the state of São Paulo. Our results suggest that the value added components of sugarcane production, which include sugar refining and ethanol production, may have a strong positive affect on local human development in comparison to primary agricultural production activities and other land uses. These results imply that sugar production, when accompanied by a local processing industry can stimulate rural development. However, this paper also highlights the significant environmental and social harms generated by the sugar industry at large, which may undermine its development benefits if not addressed.     

香蕉花蕾食用价值和药用价值的开发与利用

香蕉花蕾中富含矿质元素、氨基酸、蛋白质、不饱和脂肪酸、膳食纤维等多种成分物质,具有重要的食用价值,同时具有治疗或者预防糖尿病和心脑血管疾病、消炎止痛与促进伤口愈合、抗氧化等药用价值。充分开发利用香蕉花蕾的应用价值,对在蔬菜领域中发掘出一种特菜、保健蔬菜,以及在提高我国香蕉种植业附加经济效益,延长产业链,提升香蕉产业的竞争力,为蕉农开辟一条新的创收途径等方面均具有重要意义。     

Age and changes in growth of the king weakfish Macrodon atricauda (Günther, 1880) between 1977 and 2009 in southern Brazil

The coastal demersal sciaenid Macrodon atricauda (Günther, 1880), formerly M. ancylodon (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) was sampled for ageing during four periods (1977–1979, 1984–1986, 1997–1998 and 2006–2009) in commercial fishing and scientific surveys along southern Brazil (Lat. 30°S–34°40′S). Maximum observed age was seven years, but no fish over five years old was sampled in the last period. Marginal increment analysis of thin sections validated ageing and showed that opaque and translucent bands were laid down at all ages in spring–summer and autumn–winter, respectively. Ageing M. atricauda based on sectioned otoliths is highly recommended because comparisons with readings on whole otoliths showed that ages based on whole otoliths exceeded those based on sectioned otoliths for 56.5% of the aged specimens. The growth of M. atricauda has increased in the last four decades, most noticeably in the case of adult males over two years old and females over three years old. A threefold decrease in its density and the demersal fish community as a whole are the most likely causes of the growth increase.     

不同品种香蕉种植地土壤微生物多样性及其对土壤理化性质的响应

本研究以广西不同品种香蕉种植地土壤微生物为研究对象,利用扩增子测序技术、Spearman相关性分析、RDA分析等方法对土壤微生物丰度与多样性进行测定分析,阐述了香蕉及种植地土壤理化性质对土壤微生物丰度与多样性的影响。结果表明：香蕉土壤细菌样品OTU总量与真菌样品OTU总量比率大约是2∶1;香蕉枯萎病病原菌所在属Fusarium占属水平丰度5.132%~55.132%;Spearman相关性分析显示Fusarium与土壤理化性质无显著相关;真菌的丰度与多样性比细菌更易受到土壤的理化性质与营养元素的影响,单一土壤理化性质无法显著影响土壤微生物的群落结构和物种组成;土壤真菌在一定程度上体现香蕉品种的抗病性程度。     

云南河口香蕉褐足角胸叶甲的发生危害与防治初报

采用定点监测、分级调查法对云南河口1.2万hm2香蕉受褐足角胸叶甲(Basilepta fulvipes Motschulsky)的危害情况进行了研究。结果表明：褐足角胸叶甲发生、危害每年有3次以上的高峰期分别为4～5、7～8月和10月、12月至翌年3月为发生、危害的最低期;东部褐足角胸叶甲发生、危害最重,其次是西部及中南部;海拔高度和气候与褐足角胸叶甲的发生危害关系密切,海拔越高,危害率、危害指数越低,雨热同季、高温高湿比较有利于种群繁殖与发生危害。防治试验初步结果表明,参试的3种杀虫剂均有较好的防治效果,其中45%的马拉硫磷(跳丙)乳油1 000倍较好,在抽蕾初期防治可取得较好的防治效果,后期则效果降低或无效。     

香蕉深加工在香蕉产业中的作用、发展现状与趋势及存在问题

论述香蕉深加工在香蕉产业中的作用、重要性,综述和探讨香蕉深加工的现状和发展趋势,分析香蕉深加工中存在的问题。     

豆科绿肥残体对连作蕉园土壤肥力的影响

采用室内恒温箱培养方法,探讨2种豆科绿肥残体对连作蕉园土壤理化性质和可培养微生物数量的影响。以连作障碍严重的蕉园土壤为研究背景,共设置4个处理：无残体添加（CK）、添加田菁残体（S）、添加白三叶残体（W）和添加香蕉残体（B）。结果表明：（1）在培养第5天时,与CK相比,B、S和W添加后均增加了土壤可培养尖孢镰刀菌、真菌、细菌的数量;然而在培养第45天,S和W尖孢镰刀菌数量逐渐下降。45 d时,与B相比,S和W尖孢镰刀菌数量分别降低33.09%和79.92%;（2）与CK和B相比,S显著降低土壤pH,而W能显著提高pH和速效钾含量;（3）主坐标分析 (PCoA) 和多元回归树分析 (MRT) 结果均说明,添加不同豆科绿肥残体（S和W）与CK差异显著,说明不同豆科绿肥残体添加可改善土壤肥力。因此,在高发病香蕉园地,间套作白三叶可改善其土壤理化和土壤可培养微生物状况,对香蕉连作障碍有较好的缓解作用。