不同灌溉方式对香蕉产量和品质的影响

采用大田试验方法,研究了滴灌、漫灌、微喷灌3种灌溉方式对香蕉产量及品质的影响。结果表明,香蕉产量以微喷灌处理最高,分别比漫灌和滴灌处理增产2.3%和4.3%;漫灌处理的香蕉总糖、维生素C含量均显著高于滴灌和微喷灌处理,微喷灌处理的维生素C含量显著高于滴灌处理;可食率以微喷灌处理最高,漫灌处理最低,3种灌溉方式之间差异均显著;干物质含量以微喷灌处理最高,滴灌处理最低,二者间差异显著。在香蕉约100d的生长期内,微喷灌处理的用水量比漫灌少约19%。综合来看,在3种灌溉方式中,微喷灌是在最适宜于香蕉的方式。     

中国与巴西农产品贸易的动态及前景分析

在中国农产品进口需求持续增长和巴西农产品市场亟需拓展的共同作用下,中国和巴西两国的双边农产品贸易快速发展,并对世界农产品贸易格局产生了重要影响。为深入了解中国和巴西两国的双边农产品贸易状况,利用贸易强度指数、产业内贸易指数、显性比较优势指数和贸易互补性指数就中国和巴西两国的双边农产品贸易模式和动态进行分析,并对其发展前景进行了展望。研究发现,中国与巴西的双边农产品贸易是基于各自的农业资源禀赋而开展的,两国的农产品比较优势差异较大,这是导致二者双边贸易市场地位极不对等的重要原因;中国和巴西农产品贸易具有较高的贸易强度,但更多体现为产业间贸易,产业内贸易程度则明显偏低;中国和巴西农产品贸易具有较强的互补性,所以两国贸易的提升空间仍然较大,但双边贸易的进一步发展将会扩大中国农产品贸易的逆差。     

香蕉果汁的防褐变技术研究

以香蕉果肉为原料,采用果胶酶酶解的方法,先对香蕉果浆进行高温钝化酶处理,再通过正交试验来研究香蕉果汁防褐变的最佳工艺条件。探讨了温度、时间、pH值对护色效果的影响,获得的最佳工艺条件是:将一定量的香蕉果肉置于95℃初始护色溶液,其体积(mL)为原料重量(g)的2倍,并持续加热5min,酶解,然后加入含柠檬酸0.32%、维生素C0.06%、EDTA0.10%、植酸0.02%的混合护色液。此方法可使香蕉果汁保持2～3个月不发生褐变,保证了其在较长时间内的品质要求,提高了香蕉制品的附加值。     

Effects of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and two plant-parasitic nematodes on<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Musa</Emphasis> genotypes differing in root morphology

In this study, the effect of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) and two migratory endoparasitic nematodes on Musa plant growth, including the root system, were examined. In addition, the AMF-nematode interaction was studied. Seven Musa genotypes with different root systems were selected. Based on their relative mycorrhizal dependency, two genotypes (Calcutta 4 and Obino l'Ewai) were selected for AMF-nematode interaction studies. The experiments were performed under greenhouse conditions. Mycorrhization with Glomus mosseae resulted in a significantly better plant growth even in the presence of nematodes. The effect of AMF on the root system was genotype-dependent and seemed to be related to the relative mycorrhizal dependency of the genotype. The nematodes also affected the root system, decreasing branching. Nematode population densities were significantly reduced in the presence of AMF, except for Pratylenchus coffeae in Obino l'Ewai. In the root system, it appeared that the decreased branching caused by the nematodes was counterbalanced by the increased branching caused by the AMF.     

Forest Taxes,Timber Concessions,and Policy Choices in the Amazon

Abstract

In many countries of Africa and Asia, timber production is dominated by concession contracts in public forests. In the neo-tropics, however, timber production occurs on both public and private lands; a mixture that moves countries of the neo-tropics towards the complex systems of forestry sectors in the developed world. Therefore, much of the forest taxation and public forest management literature that currently exists is pertinent to new forest policy decisions in developing countries. Unfortunately, the similarities between forest policies in the neo-tropics and those of developed countries have largely been ignored. This paper begins the process of bridging that gap to show how existing literature is important to the design of timber concessions and accompanying policy instrument design. Although the principles we discuss here apply in any mixed harvest forest economy, we use Brazil as an example because it is in the process of adopting a system of timber concessions in national forests. In our discussion, we suggest that concessions are not a perfect substitute for private forestry in the neo-tropics; concession and other instrument policies must be designed jointly; and because concession policies and government revenue objectives may be linked, the expansion of concessions must be carefully monitored.     

The effect of plant growth regulators on somaclonal variation in Cavendish banana (Musa AAA cv. ‘Zelig’)

The effect of the type and concentration of plant growth regulators and sub-culturing on somaclonal variation were studied in Cavendish banana cv. ‘Zelig’ obtained from African Biotechnologies Ltd., South Africa. In vitro grown plants at the fourth multiplication cycle were used for the investigation. Auxins (IAA, IBA and NAA) and cytokinins (BA and TDZ) were used to multiply shoots for 10 generations. Bands generated through RAPD-PCR were scored according to whether they were present (1) or absent (0) to determine the extent of somaclonal variation. Results were then analyzed using cluster analysis. The relationship between multiplication rate and somaclonal variation was assessed using correlation analysis. Results indicated that treatments with higher multiplication rates produced more variants; sometimes as high as 72%. Dwarf off-types accounted for 88% of the variation. A dwarf-specific band, about 1500 kb in size, was amplified by the primer OPC-15. The band appeared consistently in normal plants but was absent in all dwarf plants.     

MALDI-TOF MS identification of Prototheca algae associated with bovine mastitis

We evaluated the use of MALDI-TOF MS for the identification of 3 major, dairy-associated Prototheca species, namely, Prototheca bovis (formerly P. zopfii genotype 2), P. blaschkeae, and P. ciferrii (formerly P. zopfii genotype 1). The MALDI-TOF MS spectra established for those species were introduced into the reference spectra library of the Bruker Biotyper MALDI-TOF MS analysis software. Next, 31 Prototheca isolates from Holstein cows with mastitis, from herds located in the midwestern area of São Paulo State, Brazil, were subjected to MALDI-TOF MS profiling. MALDI-TOF MS allowed identification of 22 of 27 P. bovis and 3 of 4 P. blaschkeae isolates with scores >2.0, with 5 of 27 P. bovis and 1 of 4 P. blaschkeae isolates identified only to the genus level. With our extended algae database, MALDI-TOF MS can contribute to quick and effective speciation of Prototheca from mastitis cases.     

5份香蕉种质对枯萎病的抗性评价

【目的】评价5份香蕉种质对不同枯萎病菌生理小种的抗性,为香蕉枯萎病抗性种质材料快速筛选和优良品种的推广提供科学依据。【方法】采用苗期和田间抗性评价方法,分别测试两份粉蕉品种（粉杂1号和海南KKF）对枯萎病1号生理小种、3份香焦品种（海南KK1、海南KK2和新北蕉）对枯萎病4号生理小种的抗性。【结果】两份粉蕉品种对枯萎病1号生理小种均表现为高抗,抗性较广西当家品种金粉1号（中抗）好;3份香蕉品种中,海南KK2对枯萎病4号生理小种表现为高抗、海南KK1和新北蕉表现为抗,3份香蕉品种对枯萎病4号生理小种的抗性均优于广西当家品种威廉斯B6（感）。【结论】测试的5份香蕉种质对枯萎病均有良好的抗性,均具有推广价值。     

“粉杂1号”粉蕉广西引种试验初报

[目的]引进高抗枯萎病粉蕉品种“粉杂1号”在广西南宁试种,以期找到适合广西种植的高产、优质、高抗枯萎病粉蕉品种.[方法]2010年以金粉1号为对照在广西南宁进行粉杂1号粉蕉种植试验,测定其生育期、果实性状、产量、品质、抗病性等,明确其在广西的适应性.[结果]粉杂1号田间表现高抗香蕉枯萎病,丰产性好,品质优,果指较短而粗,果肉奶油色或乳白色,肉质软滑,味浓甜带微酸,风味佳,成熟期与普通栽培的粉蕉相似.[结论]粉杂1号粉焦的品质、产量较好,适应性强,高抗枯萎病,可在广西大面积推广种植.     

外源甜菜碱对香蕉幼苗抗冷性的影响

研究了外源甜菜碱对香蕉幼苗抗冷性的影响,结果表明,外源甜菜碱能提高香蕉幼苗叶片的脯氨酸(Pro)含量,减少O2·-的积累,提高超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(ASP)的活性,维持质膜的稳定性,从而有效地提高香蕉幼苗的抗冷能力,其中以甜菜碱10.0 mmol/L的保护效果最好.