甘蓝型冬油菜在西北寒旱区适应性分析

为了研究甘蓝型冬油菜在西北寒旱区的适应性,以29份甘蓝型冬油菜品系为材料,分析在天水、兰州两个试点越冬率、生育期、产量、含油量及农艺性状的差异。结果表明,参试品系在天水试点越冬率均高于兰州试点,在天水试点,21份参试品系越冬率80.00%以上,而兰州试点在覆盖条件下越冬率平均为14.49%,最高为平甘1号(48.50%)。联合方差表明,试点气候差异是引起越冬率差异的最主要原因。与天水试点相比,参试品系北移至兰州试点后越冬期延长,冬后生育期缩短,全生育期延长;在天水试点参试品系株高、分枝部位、主花序长度、千粒重、折合每667 m~2产量、含油量平均值分别为133.52 cm、32.79 cm、51.37 cm、3.15 g、184.20 kg、40.16%,较兰州分别高22.11 cm、31.58 cm、2.47 cm、0.66 g、160.54 kg、22.54%;变异分析表明,在天水试点参试品系越冬率、主要农艺性状、产量、含油量变异系数相对兰州试点较小,相对稳定。结论:天水试点气候条件更适合甘蓝型冬油菜的生长,参试品系越冬率高、农艺性状良好、产量高、含油量高,适应性强。     

菜心炭疽病苗期抗病性鉴定技术

试验采用人工喷雾接种方法,通过对接种体浓度、保湿时间和苗龄试验,摸索出了一套适合于菜心炭疽病苗期抗病性鉴定的方法,即在气温为２３￣３２℃范围内,用６×１０＾６￣１×１０＾７个／Ｌ的分生孢子悬浮液于３￣４片叶期接种,保湿２４￣４８ｈ,７ｄ后调查病情,可明显地区分出菜心品种对炭疽病的抗病性差异。     

贵州省甘蓝型油菜主推品种的SSR遗传多样性分析(英文)

[目的]从分子水平上了解贵州省甘蓝型油菜主推品种的遗传多样性。[方法]利用国家油菜区域试验DNA指纹鉴定使用的40对SSR引物对贵州省9个甘蓝型油菜主推品种进行多态性检测,并进行聚类分析。[结果]试验共扩增出条带191个,其中多态性条带143个,多态性比率为75%。经聚类分析,9个油菜品种被分为A、B 2簇,其中A簇包含7个品种,B簇为贵州省油料研究所选育的2个品种。A簇在相似系数0.643 4处又分为A1和A2 2个亚簇,A1亚簇为贵州省油菜研究所选育的3个品种,A2亚簇为贵州省油料研究所选育4个品种。[结论]同一单位选育出的品种都有更为接近的遗传背景;在该研究所用品种中,贵州省油料研究所选育的品种遗传基础相对较广,但黔油17与黔油29的遗传相似性系数达0.87,遗传基础较为相近。     

模拟酸雨胁迫对油冬菜生理特性的影响

[目的]研究模拟酸雨胁迫对油冬菜叶片生理特性的影响,为制定油冬菜酸雨防治措施提供参考依据.[方法]对盆栽油冬菜品种黑油冬分别喷施pH为5.6、4.5、3.5和2.5的模拟酸雨,以喷施清水(pH 7.0)为对照(CK),测定分析不同酸度模拟酸雨处理的油冬菜生理生化指标.[结果]随着模拟酸雨酸度的增强,油冬菜叶片的叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素总含量及丙二醛(MDA)含量均呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,前三者在模拟酸雨pH 4.5时升至最高,MDA含量在模拟酸雨pH 3.5时达最高;脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白及可溶性糖含量呈先降低后升高的变化趋势,前二者在模拟酸雨pH 4.5时降至最低,可溶性糖含量在模拟酸雨pH 5.6时降至最低;类胡萝卜素含量持续降低;在pH 4.5的模拟酸雨胁迫下,油冬菜脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量均出现急剧变化,分别比CK降低58.37%和50.89%.[结论]pH 4.5可能是酸雨对油冬菜造成隐性伤害的阈值,适度酸雨胁迫可激发油冬菜自身的抗逆系统.酸雨较重的南方地区可在油冬菜定植前选用适量石灰改善土壤酸性,也可采用设施栽培来避免酸雨对其叶片产生危害.     

甘蓝型油菜杂交种混播制种效应

利用甘蓝型油菜隐性无蜡粉遗传标记杂交组合对混播制种效应进行了研究。2002、2003、2004和2007共4个年度的研究结果表明,混播制种比行播制种产量年度平均高18．7％,杂种率高5．1％,纯杂种产量高20．1％。混播制种的增效主要得益于父本植株在田间均衡的分布和良好的个体发育。混播制种法在油菜遗传标记杂种、抗除草剂杂种、掺合杂种等方向上具有潜在应用价值。     

田间施用硝化抑制剂DMPP对小青菜贮藏过程中硝酸盐与Vc含量的影响

采用田间施药方法,研究了施用硝化抑制剂3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐(3,4-dimethylpyrazolephosphate,DMPP)对冰箱贮藏条件下小青菜可食部分硝酸盐、维生素C(Vc)含量变化的影响。结果表明,在贮藏过程中,施与不施DMPP2种处理小青菜硝酸盐含量呈现先降低后略有升高的趋势,Vc含量呈降低的趋势;DMPP在贮藏前期能够有效地降低硝酸盐含量,延缓Vc含量的降低。贮藏2d后,DMPP处理小青菜硝酸盐、Vc含量分别降低了74.4和9mg·kg-1,而对照处理分别降低了54.4和50mg·kg-1,处理间硝酸盐、Vc降幅差异均达5%显著水平。贮藏2～4d中,DMPP处理硝酸盐、Vc含量分别降低了20.1和91mg·kg-1,而对照处理分别降低了144.7和84mg·kg-1,处理间硝酸盐含量降幅差异达5%显著水平。贮藏4～6d中,对照处理硝酸盐含量升高了60.6mg·kg-1,DMPP处理升高了76.2mg·kg-1,Vc含量分别降低23和117mg·kg-1,且处理间降幅差异达5%显著水平。蔬菜贮藏时间不要过长,以不超过4d为宜。     

PCR-based detection of Xanthomonas campestris pathovars in Brassica seed

Xanthomonas campestris is a seedborne bacterium that causes black rot of crucifers. Substantial crop losses may result from the rapid spread of the bacteria under favourable conditions, especially those occurring during seedling production. A PCR-based method has been developed for the rapid and sensitive detection of the pathovars of X. campestris that affect crucifers. Primers were designed to specifically amplify a 619 bp fragment of the hrpF gene from X. campestris . Amplification products were not detected from other Xanthomonas species, or from other pathogenic or epiphytic bacteria occurring on these plants. To avoid false-negative results arising from the presence of amplification inhibitors in plant extracts, primers targeting a 360 bp section of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region from Brassica spp. were included in a multiplex PCR. The assay readily detected X. campestris pv. campestris infections in diseased plants and from bacterial colonies isolated on growth media, and was more sensitive and specific than traditional plating methods and a commercially available ELISA. A seed-washing protocol was optimized to allow the detection of a single artificially infected seed among 10 000 healthy seeds using the multiplex PCR.     

Effect of the Antisense BcMF12 Driven by the BcA9 Promoter on Gene Silencing in Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis

The study analyzed the silencing of BcMF12 gene regulated by BcA9 promoter in the transgenic pakchoi and confirmed the effect of antisense BcMF12 gene on the pollen development. A conserved BcMF12 gene fragment was amplified from the cDNA of flower buds in pakchoi (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis, syn. B. rapa L. ssp. chinensis) and was fused to the anther specific BcA9 promoter. The plant antisense expression vector was constructed and then introduced into pakchoi via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The transgenic plants were screened by antibiotics and molecular analysis. PCR and Southern blot revealed that the antisense BcMF12-GUS fusion gene regulated by BcA9 promoter was integrated into transgenic plants. Northern blot suggested that the expression of BcMF12 gene was down-regulated significantly. The pollen germination rate of transgenic plants with antisense BcMF12 gene decreased as compared with that of the control plants. The expression of the gene BcMF12 related to the pollen development was inhibited by the antisense BcMF12 driven by BcA9 promoter, which consequently affected the pollen development in pakchoi.