果蔗脱毒种苗组培快繁技术研究

采用不同浓度的6-BA对果蔗进行了茎尖分生组织的诱导和幼芽增殖试验研究,利用不同状态的培养基对增殖芽进行了培养。结果表明,当6-BA浓度为4-5mg／L时,比较适宜于果蔗茎尖分生组织的诱导。在幼芽增殖前期．6-BA的浓度采用2-3mg／L;在将进入生根阶段时,6-BA的浓度采用0．5-1．5mg／L,有利于获得粗壮的幼苗。果蔗幼芽在增殖阶段。适宜采用液体培养基,可降低成本。     

甘蓝型油菜GZ522早花性状形成的分子基础

选择适当早花早熟的油菜资源是解决多熟制生产中冬季作物油菜与其它夏季作物接茬矛盾的关键;早花是早熟的基础,对油菜早花材料的早花形成原因开展研究,有利于通过分子育种加速选育适合生产需要的新品种.本研究选取稳定的早花早熟品系GZ522作为研究对象,以甘蓝型油菜XY15为对照,采用生物统计学和分子生物学方法对其农艺性状和早花形...     

湘红菜薹一号的选育

湘红菜薹一号是以自交不亲和系９４１５－２和孤雌生殖系Ｊ－７－２配制的紫菜薹一代杂种,极早熟,从播种到始收４５天左右,早期产量高,菜薹亮紫色,无蜡粉,味甜,品质好,耐热,抗软腐病能力强,适应性广,适用于长江流域夏秋栽培和早熟秋冬栽培。     

种子超干贮藏对紫花苜蓿前期生长和生理特性的影响

采用硅胶室温干燥法对陇东紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa L. cv. Longdong）种子进行超干处理,使其含水量由9.03%（CK）分别降至7.09%～4.59%共八个不同含水量水平,用铝箔纸密封,常温下贮藏1年后,采用沙培盆栽试验,研究种子超干贮藏对苜蓿生长和生理的影响。结果表明,超干贮藏后,紫花苜蓿种子的出苗数、植株的株高比CK显著提高,MDA含量显著降低。播种第30天时,含水量为6.36%～4.59%处理种子的出苗数较CK提高25%～50%;播种第60天时,种子含水量为6.36%～5.46%处理的植株株高较CK提高11.02%～15.68%,各超干处理种子的植株MDA含量仅为CK的44.92%～70.29%;所有处理植株的根体积、地上干重、地下干重和可溶性糖含量仅为CK的55.36%～89.29%、63.06%～88.05%、50.71%～76.69%和63.35%～97.86%;除4.59%含水量处理的叶片数和5.18%含水量处理的根瘤数与CK比差异不显著,其它各处理的单株叶片数与根瘤数均显著低于CK,其中各超干处理的根瘤数仅为CK的63.00%～92.56%。说明超干贮藏能够提高苜蓿种子的出苗数、植株的株高和耐受性,但降低了植株的生物量及根体积,并影响了叶片生长及根瘤的形成。     

京郊西兰花小菜蛾的田间防治药剂筛选与评价

为评价高效氯氰菊酯、溴氰虫酰胺、苏云金杆菌、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、乙基多杀菌素等5种杀虫剂对小菜蛾的田间药效,本文采用喷雾法进行了田间试验。结果表明,10%溴氰虫酰胺可分散油悬浮剂、6%乙基多杀菌素悬浮剂对小菜蛾在药后1~7 d的防效较好;32000 IU/mg苏云金杆菌可湿性粉剂、32000 IU/mg苏云金杆菌可湿性粉剂与10%溴氰虫酰胺可分散油悬浮剂分别按50%推荐用量组成的1∶1的混配剂,药后1 d的防效仅在60%左右,速效性较差,但是药后3~7 d的防效较好。其中,混配剂药后3 d的防效高达90.70%。5%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐水分散粒剂和4.5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油在药后1~7 d的防效均较差。因此,在西兰花生产上可使用减量的溴氰虫酰胺与苏云金杆菌混配剂进行小菜蛾的防治,以达到农药减量增效防治小菜蛾的目的;在小菜蛾暴发时,可使用溴氰虫酰胺或乙基多杀菌素,以达到迅速防治的目的。     

沙冬青茎甲醇提取物对小菜蛾幼虫生长发育抑制作用研究

室内测定了沙冬青茎甲醇提取物对小菜蛾幼虫生长发育的抑制作用。研究结果表明,其提取物对小菜蛾幼虫相对生长率(RGR)、近似消化率(AD)、食物利用率(ECI)和食物转化率(ECD)虽在一段时间内连续发生变化,但最高浓度为0.2g/mL时,这4项指标始终低于其他处理。沙冬青茎甲醇提取物对小菜蛾幼虫历期的影响不明显,但使蛹期延长,幼虫死亡率升高,且提取物浓度越高,这些作用效果越明显。     

中国帕米尔高原黄耆属的分类学研究

通过野外考察、查阅文献和标本鉴定,对中国帕米尔高原黄耆属(Astragalus L.)植物进行形态分类学研究。结果表明:中国帕米尔高原有黄耆属植物23种,其中神圣黄耆(Astragalus dignus)是中国新记录种,高山黄耆(A.alpinus)是中国帕米尔高原新记录种。对物种学名的考证发现,以前国内文献记载的产于本区的A.mendax,A.alatavicus,A.laspurensis分别是A.charguschanus,A.pamirensis,A.petraeus,同时也采集到了A.laspurensis的标本,证实本种在该区确有分布。同时还给出了23种黄耆属植物的分种检索表,并对其生境和分布作了介绍。     

Biological Control of Sclerotinia Diseases of Rapeseed by Aerial Applications of the Mycoparasite Coniothyrium minitans

Indoor and field experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of applying the mycoparasite Coniothyrium minitans to the aerial parts of rapeseed plants at the flowering stage to control sclerotinia diseases caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Under controlled conditions, a petal inoculation technique was used to determine the effect of conidial suspensions of C. minitans on suppression of sclerotinia leaf blight. Results showed that C. minitans was effective in inhibiting infection initiated by ascospores of S. sclerotiorum on flower petals by restricting mycelial growth of the pathogen. Suppression of lesion development was related to the conidial concentration of C. minitans, with larger lesions at low concentration (5×10³conidia ml⁻¹), but smaller lesions at high concentration (5×10⁴ conidia ml⁻¹ or higher). When C. minitans-treated rapeseed leaves were inoculated with mycelia of S. sclerotiorum, C. minitans failed to prevent infection of leaves, but caused a significant reduction in number of sclerotia produced on the diseased leaves. No significant difference in efficacy was detected between the two isolates of C. minitans, LRC 2137 and Chy-1, on the two rapeseed cultivars, Westar (spring type) and Zhongyou 821 (winter type). Results of field trials showed a significant reduction of stem rot of rapeseed in four (1997, 1999, 2003 and 2004) out of five years by aerial application of C. minitans, compared with controls. No significant difference in suppressive efficacy was observed between the treatments of C. minitans (10⁶ conidia ml⁻¹), C. minitans (10⁶ conidia ml⁻¹) + benomyl (50 μg ml⁻¹) and benomyl (100 μg ml⁻¹) in 2003, and between the treatments of C. minitans (10⁶ conidia ml⁻¹), C. minitans (10⁶ conidia ml⁻¹) + vinclozolin (100 μg ml⁻¹) and vinclozolin (500 μg ml⁻¹) in 2004. Sclerotia of S. sclerotiorum collected from diseased plants in plots treated with C. minitans in 1999, 2000 and 2003, or with C. minitans + benomyl in 2003 were infected by C. minitans at frequencies ranging from 21.3 to 54.5%. This study concludes that aerial spraying of C. minitans is an effective method for controlling sclerotinia diseases of rapeseed.     

孜然种子中杀菌活性成分分离及结构鉴定

以小麦白粉病菌Blumer graminis、黄瓜霜霉病菌Pseudoperonispora cubensis、杨树溃疡病菌Dothiorella gregaria、棉花枯萎病菌Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.vasinfectum、白菜黑斑病菌Alternaria oleracea和稻瘟病菌Pyricularia grisea 6种病原菌为指示菌种,对孜然种子中的杀菌活性成分进行了跟踪分离及活性测定。采用柱层析分离技术,从孜然种子乙醇浸膏石油醚萃取液中分离得到两个具有杀菌活性的化合物,其结构经质谱、核磁共振氢谱及碳谱等分析确定其分别为枯茗酸(对异丙基苯甲酸,p-isopropyl benzoic acid)和枯茗醛(对异丙基苯甲醛,p-isopropyl benzaldehyde)。采用菌丝生长速率法测定了两化合物对油菜菌核病菌Sclerotinia sclerotiorum和辣椒疫霉Phytophthora capsici的毒力,其中枯茗醛对两种病原菌的EC50值分别为2.093和 15.40 mg/L,枯茗酸的EC50值分别为7.298和19.66 mg/L。