加热法对石膏刨花板性能影响的研究

研究了加热温度和加压时间对石膏刨花板性能的影响。试验结果表明石膏固化时加适量的热量有助于提高石膏刨花板的性能;加热温度较高时石膏刨花板的性能比常温条件下压制的板的性能低。石膏固化时是吸热反应,石膏刨花板加压固化时,外加一定的热量有助于提高石膏的固化强度,因此板具有较好的物理力学性能。     

新型水稻种绳捻制机捻绳机构的设计

水稻种绳捻制机就是在工厂内将水稻种子以精确的穴距和每穴粒数卷在20mm宽的纸带内并捻制成种绳,供大田播放。在前期研究的基础上,将捻制机的捻绳机构与卷绳机构分成独立工作的两部分,设计出一种新型的水稻种绳捻绳机构。该机构可提高机器的工作效率,保证种绳的捻劲个数,增强种绳的抗拉强度,降低种绳的漏种率,为制造出高质量的种绳奠定了基础。     

根土复合体的抗剪特性研究

为了研究根系对土体的加固效应,模拟矿区排土场边坡恢复植被油松样地的含水率与土壤密度,以根径和埋根方式为控制因素,制备根土复合体,利用全自动三轴仪,进行了固结不排水(CU)剪切试验。结果表明,与素土相比,根系能够提高土体的极限主应力差,增强土体抵抗破坏的能力。根土复合体是一种特殊的弹塑型材料,其主应力差与轴向应变曲线呈光滑非线性特征,随着围压的增大,表现出由应变硬化型向应变软化型转型的特征;围压对极限主应力差影响显著,埋根方式、根系直径对极限主应力差的影响不显著。随着根径的增加,不论是水平埋根还是垂直埋根,根土复合体的粘聚力均为增加的趋势;垂直埋根的根土复合体则随着根径的增加内摩擦角增大,而水平埋根的根土复合体的内摩擦角则有轻微的减小。根土复合体的Wu-Waldron根粘聚力模型修正系数K″范围为0.11~0.37。     

玉米秸秆自干后的材料力学性质研究

玉米秸秆直接还田或沤肥是大量增加土壤有机质的优质有机肥,也是生物质能源转化及混合饲料利用的重要资源。目前,在这几方面的应用中均需进行粉碎、揉丝、切段等加工,针对加工参数的优化需要研究其力学性质。为此,试验研究了越冬后自然干燥的玉米秸秆的弯曲强度、皮质层和内芯的剪切强度、拉伸强度、弹性模量及穿刺强度等力学性质指标,以及应力应变规律、抗弯折特性、茎秆不同节间的力学性质变化等材料力学特性,为相关加工设备及工艺参数优化提供了理性参考依据。     

Compressive strength of Super Soft wheat endosperm

Wheat endosperm texture (hardness) largely determines end-product suitability. Since its development 25 years ago, the single kernel classification system (SKCS, a mechanical instrument that measures, among other properties, the force imparted on a kernel during crushing) has been used in breeding programs to differentiate soft wheats from hard wheats. Nominally, these have a soft to hard SKCS hardness index (HI) range of 25–75 (dimensionless units). However, in recent years, breeders have developed extremely soft (‘Super Soft’) lines having SKCS HI < 0. Until now, these very low SKCS HIs have not been corroborated with traditional methodologies that characterize mechanical strength. Herein, we report on the relationships between SKCS HI and three compressive strength properties (maximum stress, Young's modulus, and work) in Super Soft wheat. With respective correlation coefficients of 0.76, 0.66, and 0.75, we have found that the relationships between SKCS HI and compressive strength agree with prior research involving ordinary soft and hard wheats.     

The effects of sodium reduction on the mechanical properties of doughs made from flours with a range of strengths using a mixograph

To devise strategies for meeting Health Canada's target for reduced-sodium bread production, relationships between dough formula (i.e., red spring wheat flour, salt (NaCl) and water content) and dough mechanical properties were examined. Mixograph energy to peak (ETP), peak height (PKH), and peak bandwidth (PBW) were used to define changes in the properties of doughs induced by sodium reduction. ETP measurements indicated that dough strength characteristics were less responsive to sodium reduction as water content was increased. ETP was a good indicator of the cultivar-dependent response of doughs to sodium reduction, with doughs made from stronger flours being more sensitive to sodium reduction. According to ETP results, sodium reduction led to a decrease in flour strength discrimination. Sodium reduction at NaCl contents below ~1.5% led to more obvious changes in dough mixing characteristics (indicated by the ratio of PBW to PKH). Mixograph analyses of dough tolerance to sodium reduction will guide wheat breeding programs to select cultivars suitable for reduced sodium breadmaking.     

有初始缺陷板件超屈曲强度的半分析法研究

本文应用大挠度理论分析了初始缺陷对板件超屈曲强度的影响,并为板件后屈曲分析提出了一个样条函数半分析计算法.该法对各种载荷及位移边界条件板件均可进行计算,与有限元法等相比较,具有计算量少,精度高等显著特点.数值计算结果为冷弯型钢结构设计提供了较完善的理论依据.     

Approaches to enhance power density of gearboxes for wind turbines

Based on pitting strength, some approaches to enhance power density of gearboxes for wind turbines are discussed. The calculation load is greatly reduced by power division. Allowable stress numbers are effectively increased by improving property of quality materials, precision heat treatment or shot peening. Load capacities can be also obviously enhanced by improving the tooth shape of morphology optimization of tooth root, tooth correction or superfinishing of tooth surface. The center distance is effectively decreased by minishing minimum allowable safety factor or enlarging face width. The power density of gearbox can be further improved by means of structure optimization of planet carrier or uniform load of planetary gear transmission.     

混凝土拉压强度尺寸效应的细观非均质机理

为了从材料细观非均质角度揭示混凝土强度尺寸效应机理,建立了混凝土细观单元等效非均质力学模型,开展了立方体抗拉、抗压强度尺寸效应细观数值模拟研究。研究结果表明：混凝土强度尺寸效应根源于材料细观非均质性,随着模型尺寸的增加,混凝土材料细观单元弹性模量变异系数增大,材料细观非均质性增强,大尺寸模型内部存在更多的低强度单元或缺陷,导致混凝土立方体抗拉、抗压强度降低,极限应变减小,脆性增大;混凝土损伤破坏由少量集中区域,发散扩展形成多条非贯通的裂纹带;数值模拟结果与尺寸效应实验数据相吻合。     

Relationship between allelic variation of Glu-1 and Gli-1/Glu-3 prolamin loci and gluten strength in hexaploid wheat

Summary Allelic variation of prolamin loci was examined in the F₂ from crosses between the hexaploid wheat varieties: Cajeme 71, Yécora 70, Ablaca, Anza, Pané 247 and Axona. Different allelic blocks for gliadins and LMW glutenin subunits were determined in Gli-1, Gli-2 and Glu-3 loci. A percentage of recombination of 1.5 ± 0.3 was determined between Gli-A1 and Glu-3 in the F₂ progeny of Yécora 70 x Axona. A significant positive association was found between gluten strength, measured by SDS-sedimentation volume, and the prolamins coded by Anza Gli-D1/Glu-D3 loci and Yécora 70 Gli-A1/Glu-A3 loci. Interactions between non homeologous loci Glu-1 and Gli-1/Glu-3 were also found.