生物钾肥不同施用方法对冬小麦生长发育及产量效应的分析

本文根据硅酸盐菌剂即生物钾肥具有分解和氧化土壤硅酸盐矿物，破坏矿物晶体构造，转化土壤中无效钾的机能，于１９９２～１９９４年进行了生物钾肥对冬小麦生长发育与产量效应的试验研究。探讨出以播前拌种返青沟施是促使小麦促根、增蘖、抗寒、抗干热风、增穗、增粒、增重，提高缺钾麦田再创高产的重要途径。     

生物有机肥对宁夏盐碱地土壤养分和生物学特性的影响

为了探讨生物有机肥施用对宁夏引黄灌区盐碱地土壤化学和微生物特性的影响,明确生物有机肥的最佳施用量及施肥模式,以田间连续4年定位试验为依托,研究了生物有机肥施用量0(CK)、4.5(T1)、9.0(T2)、13.5 t/hm²(T3)及生物有机肥9.0 t/hm²配施无机化肥N 360 kg/hm²(T4)对盐碱地土壤养分含量、酶活性、微生物生物量、微生物群落碳源代谢活性及多样性和玉米产量的影响。结果表明:(1)施用生物有机肥可明显降低土壤p H和全盐含量,土壤养分含量及土壤酶活性随着生物有机肥施用量增加呈递增趋势,且在T2处理基础上增施无机化肥可显著增加土壤速效钾含量14.73%;(2)土壤微生物群落碳源代谢活性及多样性指数均随着生物有机肥施用量的增加而增加, T3处理土壤培养192 h时AWCD值为0.84,经Tukey检验分析, Shannon和Mcintosh指数较CK处理分别增加10.11%和62.67%;(3)随着生物有机肥施用量增加,土壤微生物生物量碳、氮、磷含量呈递增趋势,各处理平均分别比CK处理增加66....     

莫桑比克鳗鲡养殖生物学主要特性研究

对莫桑比克鳗鲡（Anguillamor morata）玻璃鳗经形态学鉴定品种后,开展了主要养殖生物学特性研究。耐受高温和低温分别为39℃和7℃,适宜生存水温15℃～33℃;耐受盐度与水温相关,水温30℃致死盐度2．9％,适宜盐度小于1．1％,20℃致死盐度2．7％,适宜盐度小于1．8％,10℃致死盐度2．1％,适宜盐度小于2．0％;耐受pH值与水温相关,30℃致死pH值分别为3．5和11．0,适宜pH值6．0—7．0,20℃致死pH值分别为4．0和11．0,适宜pH值6．0～8．0,10℃致死pH值分别为3．5和10．5,适宜pH值5．5—8．5。常用药物S高聚碘、二氧化氯、三氯异氰尿酸、苯扎溴铵、溴氯海因、甲醛、敌百虫的安全浓度高于或接近常用浓度,硫酸铜、溴氰菊脂乳油、氯氰菊脂、甲苯咪唑的安全浓度低于常用浓度。水体中非离子态氨的安全浓度为2．51mg／L,亚硝酸氮的安全浓度为55．12mg／L。     

A Comparison of Three Different Hydroponic Sub-systems (gravel bed, floating and nutrient film technique) in an Aquaponic Test System

Murray Cod, Maccullochella peelii peelii (Mitchell), and Green Oak lettuce, Lactuca sativa, were used to test for differences between three hydroponic subsystems, Gravel Bed, Floating Raft and Nutrient Film Technique (NFT), in a freshwater Aquaponic test system, where plant nutrients were supplied from fish wastes while plants stripped nutrients from the waste water before it was returned to the fish. The Murray Cod had FCR's and biomass gains that were statistically identical in all systems. Lettuce yields were good, and in terms of biomass gain and yield, followed the relationship Gravel bed > Floating > NFT, with significant differences seen between all treatments. The NFT treatment was significantly less efficient than the other two treatments in terms of nitrate removal (20% less efficient), whilst no significant difference was seen between any test treatments in terms of phosphate removal. In terms of dissolved oxygen, water replacement and conductivity, no significant differences were observed between any test treatments. Overall, results suggest that NFT hydroponic sub-systems are less efficient at both removing nutrients from fish culture water and producing plant biomass or yield than Gravel bed or Floating hydroponic sub-systems in an Aquaponic context. Aquaponic system designers need to take these differences into account when designing hydroponic components within aquaponic systems.     

“十大名花”的越冬管理

介绍了十大名花的生物学特性和越冬管理。     

东海南部鲐鱼生物学特征研究

本文根据1999年～2003年7月、8月在东海南部进行的4次鲐鱼围网调查资料，对东海南部海域的鲐鱼生物学特性进行研究。鲐鱼最小叉长为15．4cm，最大为28．8cm，平均叉长22．1cm；优势叉长组为19～25cm，其出现频率为80％。2002年、2003年鲐鱼叉长组成个体比1999年、2001年大；鲐鱼叉长与体重的关系进行拟合后的关系式为：W=0．0034L^3.3404；鲐鱼胃饱满度以0级为主，占70％；年龄组成以当龄鱼为主。     

滴施生物药剂对棉花生长、黄萎病防治及土壤微生物数量的影响

设置田间小区试验,开展枯草芽孢杆菌粉剂(15.0、30.0和45.0kg/hm~2)、"施倍健"哈茨木霉菌剂(15.0、18.0和24.0kg/hm~2)和渝峰"99植保"(15.0、22.5和30.0kg/hm~2)不同的滴施用量对棉花黄萎病、生长发育及棉田土壤微生物数量的影响研究。结果显示:(1)3种施药处理均不同程度降低棉花黄萎病发病率和病指,防病效果随着枯草芽孢杆菌剂施药量的增加而显著提高;木霉菌剂施药量18.0kg/hm~2防效显著高于15.0和24.0kg/hm~2,全生育期达到61.86%;"99植保"不同的用量处理平均防效达到72.46%,但22.5和30.0kg/hm~2防效增幅差异不大。(2)3种施药处理对棉花生长表现一定的促进作用,棉花的株高、果枝数和蕾铃数随枯草芽孢杆菌剂施药量增加显著增加;木霉菌剂、"99植保"施药量的增加对株高影响不大,但果枝数和蕾铃数基本上随施药量增加而增加,中、高施药量之间的结蕾数差异较小。(3)3种药剂滴施后对棉田根际土壤微生物菌群结构具有显著影响,细菌数量均随施药量的增加而增加;枯草芽孢杆菌剂和"99植保"处理后放线菌数量表现为随施药量的增加而增加,而真菌数量随施药量增加依次降低,木霉菌剂施药量18.0kg/hm~2的放线菌数量高出15.0和24.0kg/hm~2近2倍。综合棉花防病效果及生长表现,"99植保"滴施用量建议22.5kg/hm~2、木霉菌剂18.0kg/hm~2、枯草芽孢杆菌45.0kg/hm~2。     

茶树人工诱变技术的研究 Ⅰ.茶树辐照的生物学效应

辐照茶树 M_1代成株率、苗高、叶面积以及根长与辐照剂量的关系符合多靶单击数学模型 y=1-(1-e~(-MD))~N,而它们与辐照剂量率的关系呈二次曲线型 y=a+bx+cx~2;茶树各器官敏感性大小表现为根长>叶面积>苗高。辐照剂量率在0.57—0.86戈/分的范围内效果比较明显。插穗的适宜辐照剂量为5.7—9.5戈,半致死剂量在9.5戈左右。乔木型大叶品种茶籽的适宜辐照剂量为9.3—21戈,半致死剂量在21戈左右;灌木型中、小叶种茶籽的适宜辐照剂量为27.9—37.2戈,半致死剂量在37.2—50戈     

Spatiotemporal density patterns of the pest predator Rhynchium haemorrhoidale (F.) along a land-use gradient in cacao agroforestry systems

Tropical insect species show year-round breeding activity due to favourable climatic conditions. However, most species also display seasonal reproductive peaks, but little is known about underlying causes of temporal density changes. We investigated population dynamics of the pest predator Rhynchium haemorrhoidale (F.) (Hymenoptera: Eumenidae) and its natural enemies in relation to season, climate and varying shade tree composition in cacao agroforestry systems in Central Sulawesi (Indonesia). Nesting of R. haemorrhoidale showed clear seasonality with highest densities in the wet season and lowest in the dry season, which was not related to changes in temperature. Wasp densities increased with land-use intensity, presumably because less-shaded areas offer more favourable climatic conditions and higher densities of the major prey, the cacao pest Agathodes caliginosalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Pupal body size was higher in June than in November indicating increasing intraspecific competition due to high wasp densities and food shortage at the beginning of the wet season. Body size between habitat types was similar, thus season appeared to be more important than habitat in terms of food supply. High wasp densities in the wet season were associated with high diversity of the altogether seven parasitoid species. In conclusion, we found a pronounced seasonality of the wasp R. haemorrhoidale and a preference for little shaded agroforestry, which may be due to enhanced temperature and density of its prey. Our data indicate a high potential for biological control of a major cacao pest by management of nesting sites of R. haemorrhoidale.     

凡纳滨对虾工厂化循环水养殖系统水质指标及微生物菌群结构的分析

为探究凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)工厂化循环水养殖系统的养殖水体水质情况以及微生物菌群的组成结构,本研究利用高通量测序技术和生物信息学分析手段,测定凡纳滨对虾工厂化循环水养殖过程一级移动床生物净化、二级固定床生物净化、养殖水体的水质指标、水体和生物净化载体以及对虾肠道微生物菌群的组成。结果显示,水体的氨氮(NH₄⁺-N)和亚硝态氮(NO₂^–-N)质量浓度显著降低,分别为0.85和0.21 mg/L。养殖系统水体、生物净化载体和虾肠道样品中共有的优势菌为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes),此外,一级、二级生物净化系统水体中的放线菌门(Actinobacteria)为优势菌,生物净化载体中浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)和硝化螺旋菌门(Nitrospirae)为优势菌;对虾肠道中的厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)为优势菌。另外,对虾养殖循环水系统中生物净化载体上的细菌物种含量比水样中的细菌物种少,但微生物多样性高于养殖水体,...