大豆菌核病病原菌生物学特性的研究

对大豆菌核病病原菌进行分离、纯化、培养,在人工控制的环境条件下,探讨病原菌部分生物学特性。结果表明,２０～２５℃为菌丝生长的最适温度;酸性条件有利于菌丝的生长发育,中性条件菌丝生长缓慢,碱性条件对菌丝的生长起抑制作用;Ｃ／Ｎ越低,菌丝的生长速度越快;光照对菌丝的生长速度无显著影响。     

烟草黑胫病生物防治研究进展

从烟草黑胫病的诱抗剂、拮抗菌及植物源杀菌剂等方面综述了烟草黑胫病生物防治的研究进展,并展望了今后对烟草黑胫病的防治方法及其发展前景。     

生物农药防治芳香木蠹蛾药效试验

研究生物农药防治以山茱萸为寄主的芳香木蠹蛾。以苏云金杆菌2、5%溴氰菊酯乳油、50%的杀螟松乳油、1.8%阿维菌素乳油和5%抑太保为试验药剂,于2005~2006年采用5点取样法对芳香木蠹蛾进行药效试验。这5种杀虫剂对芳香木蠹蛾的防治效果都很好,药后7 d防治效果显著,均达90%以上,但所有药剂的速效性均不太理想,其中苏云金杆菌效果相对较好。生物农药不伤害天敌,更不会影响寄主的观赏价值和药用价值,在生产实践中均可选择使用。     

广西北海甘蔗锈病生物学特性研究及防治对策

甘蔗锈病是危害甘蔗叶片的主要病害。对在广西北海蔗区发现的甘蔗锈病病原进行了生物学特性研究。结果表明：黑暗条件和浓度为1.5%的葡萄糖可促进该病菌夏孢子萌发;较适宜萌发温度范围为20～25℃,最适宜温度是25℃;在相对湿度为80%以上的条件下,夏孢子均能萌发,最适宜的萌发湿度是100%＋水滴,萌发率达28.3%;在pH值4.0～11.1范围内,夏孢子均能萌发,最适合萌发的pH值是7.0;常规条件下,夏孢子的存活期最长达120d。防治对策着重在于选种抗病品种和加强栽培管理。     

Trichoderma asperellum is effective for biocontrol of Verticillium wilt in olive caused by the defoliating pathotype of Verticillium dahliae

Verticillium wilt caused by a highly virulent, defoliating (D) pathotype of Verticillium dahliae is threatening olive production in Spain and other Mediterranean countries. This disease must be managed by an integrated strategy, in which biocontrol agents can play an important role. We have investigated the potential of Trichoderma asperellum strains for antagonism against V. dahliae and suppression of Verticillium wilt of olive caused by the D pathotype. First, we tested the antagonistic potential of T. asperellum strains Bt2, Bt3 and T25 against six V. dahliae isolates, four of the D and two of the nondefoliating (ND) pathotypes, in different in vitro assays. All T. asperellum strains overgrew the colonies of all V. dahliae isolates to a similar extent. However, extracellular compounds from strains Bt3 and T25 showed higher anti-V. dahliae activities than those of Bt2 in membrane assays. Also, growth of Bt2 was reduced by ND V. dahliae whereas that of Bt3 and T25 was not affected by V. dahliae-secreted compounds. In planta assays using strains Bt3 and T25, and ’Picual’ olive plants, showed that the two T. asperellum strains significantly reduced the severity of symptoms and the standardized area under the disease progress curve caused by highly virulent D V. dahliae, but not the final disease incidence. Strain T25 significantly increased growth of ‘Picual’ plants and displayed higher ability for colonizing the olive rhizosphere and establishing endophytic infection in olive roots than Bt3.     

Predicting the spread of the American grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) in Europe: A call for a co-ordinated European approach

The introduction of the American eastern grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) in Europe is causing a dramatic decline of the native European red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris), due to competition. We used spatially explicit population dynamics models to illustrate the potential expansion of the grey squirrel from Italy, the only continental country with the species, into neighbouring countries. Simulations started with the known grey squirrel distributions in 1996 and modelled the spread for the next 100 years in two different scenarios. One “best case” in which a random seed crop pattern of poor, good and mast seed crops was simulated with concomitant effects on squirrel fecundity and mortality and one “worst case” scenario in which poor years were not included. In the best case scenario, it will take 30-40 years for grey squirrels to start invading the Alps and about 70-75 years to cross the border between Italy and France. First populations in Switzerland are predicted in 2051-2066. In the worst case scenario, the spread will be significantly faster: the species is predicted to reach France in 2026-2031 and Switzerland in 2031-2041. Removing two of the three populations of grey squirrel will likely postpone the invasion of Switzerland but not of France. Large areas of Europe contain potentially good habitat for grey squirrels, and expansion from Italy, to France, Switzerland and belong to most of Eurasia is simply a matter of time. This will represent a serious risk for the conservation of the native red squirrel and will have implications for national forest operations. However, a European policy towards introduced species is still lacking. There is therefore a need for a co-ordinated European approach to the management of the grey squirrel and other introduced species.     

混凝法去除镉及含镉絮体的稳定性研究

以广西龙江河的河水和底泥为研究对象,通过混凝沉淀实验验证聚合氯化铝(PAC)对人工配制的超标40倍河水中镉的去除效果,并考察不同pH模拟洪水对含镉絮体释镉的影响。结果表明:在pH为(9.00±0.05)的浑浊河水中,PAC对河水中的镉具有很好的去除效果,投加PAC后12h,PAC对河水中镉的去除率可达到98.52%～99.42%;在pH为(6.00±0.05)～(8.00±0.05)的模拟洪水过后72h内,河水中的Cd2+浓度均低于5μg/L,含镉絮体不释镉或少量释镉,稳定性较好;在pH为(5.00±0.05)的模拟洪水过后72h内,河水中的Cd2+浓度部分高于5μg/L,含镉絮体释镉量较大,稳定性较差。因此,在龙江河的生态环境影响后评估工作中应加强洪水期的监测。     

无乳链球菌研究进展

VII型分泌系统存在于无乳链球菌 (Streptococcus agalactiae) 中,其组成膜蛋白对底物蛋白的分泌转运至关重要。为此利用热敏型自杀质粒,构建了含氯霉素筛选标签的膜蛋白重组敲除载体pSET4s-ΔessA、pSET4s-ΔessB、pSET4s-ΔessC,经同源重组后,利用PCR技术筛选到了其缺失突变株-无乳链球菌ΔessA、ΔessB、ΔessC。通过菌株生长曲线分析,ΔessA、ΔessB、ΔessC敲除株均较野生株 (WT) 生长过程变慢,其中ΔessA、ΔessB敲除株在生长早期有显著性差异 (P<0.01)。对ESAT6蛋白分泌影响分析显示,与WT株相比,ΔessA、ΔessB、ΔessC敲除株ESAT6的表达量均显著下调 (P<0.01)。结果显示,ΔessA、ΔessB、ΔessC敲除株均较WT株毒力显著降低 (P<0.01)。研究表明,essA、essB、essC为无乳链球菌VII型分泌系统重要的膜蛋白,其基因缺失造成了分泌蛋白ESAT6 mRNA表达水平下降,影响了菌株毒力。     

魁蚶血细胞分类及其免疫功能的初步分析

借助显微观察和鳗弧菌免疫刺激等手段,首次对魁蚶血细胞进行分类及免疫功能分析.魁蚶血细胞可分为3大类:红细胞、白细胞和血栓细胞,红细胞发育过程大致经历新生、成熟、衰老和死亡4个阶段.白细胞分为:嗜酸性、嗜中性、嗜碱性细胞,以及淋巴细胞和巨核细胞.嗜酸性、嗜中性、嗜碱性细胞和血栓细胞均参与血液的凝固;红细胞、白细胞均有吞噬病原菌能力,红细胞具有被动吞噬作用和免疫吸附作用,白细胞具有主动吞噬作用,嗜酸性和嗜中性细胞是吞噬病原菌的主体,嗜碱性细胞具有吞噬大颗粒异物的作用,魁蚶感染病原菌后白细胞增多并表现炎症.研究表明,魁蚶血细胞在应对外界的免疫刺激时,能作出系统免疫应答,且血细胞免疫分工明确,以抵御外界不良刺激.     

黄河龙羊峡—刘家峡河段浮游植物调查及水质的生物评价

对黄河上游龙羊峡—刘家峡段16个采样地进行采样和鉴定,分析了黄河上游浮游植物的种类组成和生态分布特点,共检出藻类117个种属,隶属于硅藻门、绿藻门、蓝藻门、裸藻门和甲藻门。采用指示生物法和生物多样性指数法对水质进行评价,评价结果表明该河段属轻度污染。