猪水肿病大肠杆菌F18ab菌毛A亚单位与志贺样毒素Ⅱ型变异体A亚单位的联合表达

扩增、克隆和表达了水肿病大肠杆菌的致病因子F18ab 菌毛的主要亚单位FedA全基因(包括信号肽序列),并与现有的另一致病因子志贺样毒素Ⅱ型变异体A亚单位基因(stx 2eA)连接,然后进行联合表达。同时用已制备的抗Stx 2eA 单克隆抗体和抗F18ab菌毛单克隆抗体对联合表达的融合蛋白质进行检测鉴定。     

转抗菌肽B基因和bar基因籼稻植株的再生

 运用基因枪法将含有bar基因和cecropin B基因的质粒pCB1导入籼稻品种特青的幼胚细胞,筛选后得到3株转基因植株。PCR检测和Southern杂交结果表明,外源基因已整合到水稻基因组中。转化当代植株表现出对Basta很强的抗性,同时也增强了对水稻白叶枯病的抗性。     

几种化学药剂防治日光温室番茄褪绿病毒病研究初报

为明确化学防治对日光温室番茄褪绿病毒病的防控效果,通过田间试验和室内PCR检测,评价应用化学杀虫剂防治Q型烟粉虱对日光温室番茄褪绿病毒病的防控作用,并研究病毒抑制剂对日光温室番茄褪绿病毒病的防控效果。试验结果表明,喷施杀虫剂防控Q型烟粉虱后日光温室番茄植株带毒率可降至3.00%。病毒抑制剂20%盐酸吗啉胍可湿性粉剂、0.5%葡聚烯糖可溶粉剂、30%毒氟磷可湿性粉剂在试验条件下对番茄褪绿病毒病的防治效果为44.08%~52.63%,可在一定程度上减轻番茄褪绿病毒病的危害。     

Genomewide association study reveals novel quantitative trait loci associated with resistance towards Septoria tritici blotch in North European winter wheat

Fungal diseases are a major constraint for wheat production. Effective disease resistance is essential for ensuring a high production quality and yield. One of the most severe fungal diseases of wheat is Septoria tritici blotch (STB), which influences wheat production across the world. In this study, genomewide association mapping was used to identify new chromosomal regions on the wheat genome conferring effective resistance towards STB. A winter wheat population of 164 North European varieties and breeding lines was genotyped with 15K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) wheat array. The varieties were evaluated for STB in field trials at three locations in Denmark and across 3 years. The association analysis revealed four quantitative trait loci, on chromosomes 1B, 2A, 5D and 7A, highly associated with STB resistance. By comparing varieties containing several quantitative trait loci (QTL) with varieties containing none of the found QTL, a significant difference was found in the mean disease score. This indicates that an effective resistance can be obtained by pyramiding several QTL.     

欧美国家针叶树容器苗生产与启示

针叶树是芬兰、瑞典、挪威、美国、加拿大等欧美国家主要的商品林树种。容器苗是针叶树重要的育苗类型。与裸根苗比较,容器苗具有育苗周期更短、造林季节可延长、苗木适应性更广、苗木质量更一致的优点。因此,容器育苗成为精准林业发展的必然趋势。为了借鉴欧美容器育苗的技术方法,提高我国容器苗的质量,为我国针叶树容器苗发展提供参考,文中主要从4个方面综述了欧美国家检测与提高苗木质量的方法,即列举了针叶树常用的苗木质量检测指标,总结了育苗容器与育苗基质的改良进展,介绍了养分、水分、光照与温度等培养条件的优化手段,简要概述了容器苗病虫害防控的进展,提出了我国相关树种容器苗生产的启示与借鉴。     

不同土壤消毒剂和杀菌剂防治草莓土传病害的研究

利用3种土壤消毒剂和6种杀菌剂处理草莓育苗地和种植地,研究其对草莓土传性病害的防治效果及其对草莓育苗和产量的影响.结果表明,3种土壤消毒剂处理都明显降低育苗地和种植地中草莓苗炭疽病和枯萎病的发病率,防治效果较好的是三氯硝基甲烷和四氢-3,5-二甲基-1,3,5-噻二唑-2-硫酮.其中三氯硝基甲烷降低了土传病害的发病率,草莓苗发苗数量明显提高11.23％,产量也明显增加14.78％.使用6种杀菌剂后,炭疽病发病率显著降低,在第4次用药后15d,对照发病率高达89.3％,而75％戊唑醇·肟菌酯WG3000倍液和43％戊唑醇SC5000倍液处理的防治效果较好,炭疽病发病率仅为4.0％,防效分别高达98.41％和98.54％.     

烯唑醇防治香蕉叶斑病试验

 对烯唑醇防治香蕉叶斑病效果进行试验,结果表明,烯唑醇对香蕉叶斑病有显著的防治效果,而且对香蕉生长没有抑制作用,是一个防治香蕉叶斑病优良的杀菌剂,值得在香蕉生产上推广应用。     

肥料对魔芋产量和病害影响的试验研究

陇川县1997年引种种植白魔芋33.3hm2,病害严重发生,收获量仅2.56t/hm2。1999年进行了白魔芋种植的肥料试验,结果表明,以足量腐熟农家肥为底肥的施肥措施能显著降低田间发病率和提高球茎产量,其中施腐熟农家肥1 000kg、普钙33.4kg、尿素5kg、磷酸二氢钾0.5kg/667m2作底肥的H处理,与不施肥对照相比可降低发病率50%以上,提高产量420%以上,推算产量可达12t/hm2。     

两种生物农药对温室大棚秋番茄病毒病的防治效果

为减轻番茄病毒病的发生危害,采用测报调查、随机区组设计和统计分析等方法,对生物农药香菇多糖+赤·吲乙·芸苔和宁南霉素+赤·吲乙·芸苔防治番茄病毒病进行了田间药效试验。结果表明:在温室大棚秋季番茄病毒病发生较重情况下,每1hm2用0.5%香菇多糖AS 3 000mL+赤·吲乙·芸苔WP 600g、8%宁南霉素AS 900mL+赤·吲乙·芸苔WP 600g,7d施药1次,连续施用4次,药后10d、17d、26d和35d的防治效果均在88%、87%、78%和67%以上,且2种药剂防治效果差异不显著,但均极显著高于盐酸吗啉胍(对照药剂)+赤·吲乙·芸苔。     

Pine wilt disease: a short review of worldwide research

This article summarizes the results of the research papers presented at the International Symposium on pine wilt disease (IUFRO Working Party Meeting 4.04.03) held in July 2009, at Nanjing, China. The general topics covered were on pine wilt disease (PWD), its causal organism, the pinewood nematode (PWN) Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, plus other PWN-associated microorganisms that play a significant role in PWD such as bacteria (e.g. Pseudomonas fluorescens). Most of the papers that are reviewed are based on work on PWD-PWN in East Asia and Russia. Specific topics covered include: 1) the fundamental conceptions of PWD development, 2) pathogenicity, 3) host-parasite relationships including the histopathology of diseased conifers and the role of toxins from bacteria-nematode ecto-symbionts, 4) PWN life cycle and transmission, 5) B. xylophilus dissemination models, 6) associations (with other nematodes), 7) diagnostics, 8) quarantine and control of the PWN and 9) biocontrol of the PWN.