层次分析法在庆阳市行道树选择中的应用

结合庆阳市立地条件与能源化工基地建设,运用层次分析法构建了庆阳市行道树综合评价体系,进行定性与定量相结合评价。评价结果表明,在庆阳市行道树的选择中以生态效益较好的法国梧桐、臭椿、银杏、国槐、桑树等为主,以常绿针叶树种侧柏、刺柏等为辅。     

日本落叶松与天然萌芽阔叶树人工混交培育效果的分析

通过对日本落叶松与天然萌生阔叶树人工混交林的调查分析,结果表明:日本落叶松与天然萌芽阔叶树人工混交培育降低了培育成本,提高了生态效益,混交林培育28a后,林分生长稳定,生产力较高;混交林中的植物种类丰富,数量较多,各层次的物种多样性指数均好于人工营造的日本落叶松与白桦针阔混交林和日本落叶松纯林;日本落叶松与天然萌生阔叶树人工混交林,对恢复森林生态原始林貌有一定促进作用。     

Effects of arrangement of surge-rootirrigation emitters on growth,yield andwater use efficiency of apple trees

Six-year old apple trees were selected for field experiment. The objective of this study was to obtain the reasonable arrangement of surge-root irrigation emitters in apple orchards. There were three factors: the buried depth H( 25,40,55 cm),the horizontal distance L( 30,40,60 cm) between the emitters and the trunk of the experimental tree,and the number of the irrigation emitters N( 1,2,4). The effect of the arrangement of surge-root irrigation emitters on the growth,yield and irrigation water use efficiency( IWUE) of apple trees were studied in Northern Shaanxi where the irrigation quota takes 60%-75% of the field water capacity. The results showed that the arrangement of emitters for surge-root irrigation had a significant effect on apple tree yield and IWUE,especially,the yield and IWUE reached 28 388. 17 kg/hm2 and 16. 83 kg/m3 in treatment T3,respectively. At the same L and N levels( T1,T2,and T3),the yield and IWUE in treatment T3 were the highest,and the yields in treatments T1 and T2 were decreased by 26.22% and 31.48%,while IWUE is reduced by14.02% and 18.12% compared with T3,respectively. At the same H and N levels( T3,T4,and T5),the yield and IWUE of apple trees were decreased with increasing L level. Especially,when L was 30 cm( T3),the yield and IWUE were the highest. The same L and H levels( T3,T6,and T7) could promote the growth of apple trees when N was 2( T3). Compared with treatment T3,it was found that the increment of new shoots was decreased by 8.07%-18.71%,and the fruit diameter was decreased by 5.41%-9.11%. Therefore,two emitters should be arranged symmetrically on both sides of an apple tree,each was buried at a 40 cm depth and 30 cm away from the trunk of the tree to effectively improve the yield and IWUE of the apple tree in mountainous areas in Northern Shaanxi.     

植保无人飞机喷施叶面肥作业参数对枇杷冠层雾滴沉积分布的影响

为探究植保无人飞机（大疆T30）作业参数对枇杷冠层雾滴沉积分布的影响。本文利用3个因素（作业高度、作业速度、亩用液量）,3因子的正交实验,进行植保无人飞机喷洒枇杷树的喷雾试验。试验结果表明：从雾滴沉积密度、雾滴覆盖率和雾滴穿透性等因素来看,植保无人飞机对枇杷树的最佳作业参数为：作业高度2.0m、作业速度4.5m·s-1、亩用液量2.0L。对雾滴穿透冠层的影响最大的因素是工作高度;在1.5m的作业高度下雾滴沉积穿透性最佳。本研究对指导植保无人飞机枇杷树精准喷施叶面肥具有重要意义。     

四川地区区域性果树的园林观赏性综合评价

对四川地区10种区域性果树进行了观赏性的综合评价,以期为其在园林绿化中的应用提供参考资料。采用灰度关联分析法,选择了花量与花色、花期、果形与果色、挂果期、株形和株高6个指标,对四川地区10种区域性果树的园林观赏性进行综合评价。结果表明,石榴的观赏性与理想果树最接近。其次是荔枝、脆红李、甜樱桃、水蜜桃、柠檬、苹果、雷波脐橙、五星枇杷和红心猕猴桃,其中五星枇杷（γ5=0.5960）和红心猕猴桃的观赏性较差（γ6=0.5715）。石榴、荔枝、脆红李、甜樱桃和水蜜桃的观赏性较好,可广泛的应用于园林绿化。     

大连市主要行道绿化树种固碳释氧功能研究

为今后行道树绿化结构及功能研究奠定基础,从城市生态角度出发,采用LI-6400红外气体分析仪,实测大连市内几种常见绿化树木的净光合速率,计算其在不同月份吸收二氧化碳和释放氧气的能力。结果表明:各树种日固碳释氧能力表现为夏季>秋季>春季,在乔木树种中,日固碳释氧能力的排列顺序为榆树>白桦>元宝枫>雪松>杜仲>国槐;灌木树种中,日固碳释氧能力的排列顺序为碧桃>连翘>榆叶梅>大叶黄杨。     

早实核桃幼树施肥效果研究

试验设置N、P、B 3种肥料9种不同施肥处理,研究不同施肥处理对早实核桃产量和对不同枝类的单枝结果量和产量比例的影响。结果表明:N、P、B 3种肥料的不同配比对核桃产量有很大的影响,P肥是影响干果重和核仁重的主要肥料,低水平的P肥处理的干果重和核仁重都明显低于其他处理;P、B肥是影响长、中、短结果枝产量比例的主要肥料。施肥处理8(N3P3B2K)的肥料配比效果最好。     

浙江第一古樟就地保护措施研究

通过对浙江第一古樟的生长现状调查、生长影响因素分析,提出了古樟保护与景点建设相结合,筑堤保树与改路保树、拆庙护树相结合,以低水位人工湖指示地下水位高度,通过泵提排水控制古樟地下水位等古樟就地保护的具体措施。     

中国特有植物"摇钱树"野生资源及保护利用研究

对中国特有树种———”摇钱树”资源进行了认定、评价,筛选出青钱柳Cyclocarya paliurus(Batal.)Iljinsk、金钱槭Dipteronia sinensisOliv.、太白金钱槭D.sinensisOliv.var.taipeiensisFang et Fang f、云南金钱槭D.dyeranaHenry、铜钱树Paliu-rus hemsleyanusRehd、短柄铜钱树P.orientalis(Franch)Hemsl.等6种主要种源,并就其保护措施、开发技术和利用前景提出建议.     

果树废弃枝条资源化处理研究现状

随着中国果园种植面积的不断扩大,果树废弃枝条数量日渐增长。果树废弃枝条蕴含丰富的矿物质,是宝贵的生物资源,但是,目前不当利用方式造成了资源的浪费。综述了果树枝条利用概况和处理研究现状,归纳果树废弃枝条资源化处理存在的问题,并针对问题提出意见和建议。为今后果树废弃枝条处理的深入探索及推广应用提供参考。