北美浆果树种在中国西部地区引种效果及应用前景

中国西部地区水资源贫乏，生态环境极其脆弱，适合生长的造林树种十分稀少，为此近10a来引进了许多北美生态经济型灌木类浆果树种，以满足生态环境恢复和建设的需要。引种试验结果表明，多数树种适合在中国西部地区栽培，发展前景十分广阔，应尽快大面积推广。同时也指出了易出现的问题、解决方法及发展建议。     

Lasiodiplodia species associated with dying Euphorbia ingens in South Africa

Various species of Euphorbia occur in South Africa, including herbaceous, succulent and woody types. The largest of the succulent Euphorbia spp. in South Africa is Euphorbia ingens. These trees have been dying at an alarming rate in the Limpopo province during the course of the last 15 years. Investigations into the possible causes of the death have included the possible role of fungal pathogens. Amongst the fungi isolated from diseased trees were species in the Botryosphaeriaceae. The aim of this study was to identify these fungi using morphology and DNA sequence data of two gene regions (TEF 1-α and ITS). Results showed that Lasiodiplodia theobromae and L. mahajangana were present, representing the first report of Lasiodiplodia species on a succulent Euphorbia species. Pathogenicity studies showed that these Lasiodiplodia species can cause infections on healthy E. ingens trees, implicating them as contributors to the decline of E. ingens.     

内蒙古西部准格尔旗果树微灌效果分析

根据内蒙古西部准格尔旗自然气候特征和当地种植果树的历史与现状，以微灌试点的实测数据分析论证了微灌技术的适应性和开发前景，并以其较大幅度的增产效果和鲜明的生态作用证实当地经济林业存在着巨大的发展潜力，运用经济林地庞大的根系群络根治水土流失，有助于黄河流域重点治理区的水利与水保结合以及退耕还林还草、种植结构的合理调整，对于同类地区经济效益的发挥，具有一定的指导作用。     

Plant based indicators for irrigation scheduling in young cherry trees

Using a correlation between trunk diameter fluctuation (TDF) and stem water potential (SWP) it appears possible to determine water deficit threshold values (WDTV) for young cherry trees. This correlation must be based on a significant effect between SWP and at least one variable associated with the vegetative or reproductive growth of the trees. The objectives of this study are: (1) to determine the effect of several irrigation treatments on vegetative and reproductive growth and the SWP of young cherry trees; (2) to determine the correlation between TDF and SWP, and; (3) to propose a first approximation of SWP and TDF water deficit threshold values for young cherry tree plants. The experiment was carried out between September and April of the 2005-2006 and 2006-2007 seasons, in Quillota, in the Valparaiso region, central Chile. The irrigation treatments consisted of applications of 50% (T₅₀), 100% (T₁₀₀) and 150% (T₁₅₀) of potential evapotranspiration (ET₀) over the two growing seasons, using a randomized complete block design (RCB). The effect of irrigation scheduling was observed on: apical shoot growth rate (GR_AS), branch cross-sectional area (BCSA), canopy volume (CV), annual length of accumulated growth (AL_AG) and productivity. This effect showed that the T₅₀ treatment caused lower SWP (measured pre-dawn), vegetative growth and productivity. The fruit quality variables (cracking and size) were not affected by the different treatments. Combining the vegetative growth, productivity and SWP results shows that the water deficit threshold value, as a first approximation, is between 50% and 100% of ET₀, and therefore the critical SWP for defining irrigation frequency should be close to −0.5 MPa. Upon applying a post-harvest drought period (14 days without irrigation), a linear correlation was determined both between SWP and maximum daily trunk shrinkage, MDS (R² = 0.69) and between SWP and trunk growth rate, TGR (R² = 0.57). Using these correlations and the SWP reference value, reference values were obtained for MDS (165 μm) and TGR (83 μm day⁻¹), which would permit automated control of water status in young cherry trees.     

成熟期苹果树冠层器官异源图像配准

为精确构建果树冠层彩色三维空间结构,以成熟期苹果树冠层为研究对象,将PMD摄像机及彩色摄像机相结合获取冠层器官异源图像,开展异源信息配准技术研究。将SIFT算法应用于异源图像特征点提取研究中,并应用目标函数优化RANSAC算法完成同名点提纯以保证特征点匹配的有效性,避免了异源图像尺度变化及果园自然光照的影响;在分析异源图像成像效果基础上,确定了应用双线性映射模型求解异源图像空间映射关系,有效克服了应用仿射变换模型求解异源图像空间映射关系的不精确性。果园不同自然环境下的配准实验表明:提出的混合算法适用于苹果树冠层器官异源图像的配准,晴天顺光环境下的正确配准率为88.2%,晴天逆光环境下的正确配准率为84.2%,阴天环境下的正确配准率为72.7%。     

Traditional agroforestry practices in Zimbabwe

Traditional agroforestry systems in the communal areas of Zimbabwe are described. There are systems centered on main fields, on home gardens, on homesites and on grazing areas. In the main fields, the major tree-related management practice is the conservation of preferred indigenous fruit trees. Fruit trees are also the focus of forestry activities around the gardens and the homesite; but here it is the planting of exotic species. In a localized area of Zimbabwe Acacia albida is important in fields. There is almost no use of tree fallows in Zimbabwe. Trees in grazing areas have numerous roles, but at present there is little knowledge about traditional management practices in these areas. In the development of agroforestry systems in Zimbabwe it is suggested that those systems designed to improve fodder production will make a significant contribution to farm productivity because of the importance of cattle in the farming system and the present fodder shortage. Interventions involving the planting of fruit trees are likely to be very successful, as there is much interest in such planting. Another area that needs to be developed is that of tree plantings to improve soil fertility.     

成乐高速公路绿化设计

针对成乐高速公路所处的自然文化特点,突出成都、乐山等历史名城的人文特色,以生态绿色长廊为重点,提出绿化设计方案,以期成为国内高速公路绿化典范。     

古树名木普查建档及其信息化技术方案的探讨

城镇化进程中大量工程项目建设容易造成古树名木立地环境的恶化,使其面临潜在生存压力。本文从古树名木普查建档及其信息化的内容、技术路线、建设目标和预期成果等四个方面探讨技术方案,为制定古树名木保护措施和加强古树名木资源保护力度提供参考。     

园林树木遮荫功效研究进展

摘要：卫星遥感是现阶段测绘领域应用较为成熟的技术,然而在农林业病虫害监测预警方面使用较为迟缓,特别是针对省级管理机构缺乏监管技术和预警能力,本研究探索了利用卫星遥感技术开展异常变色林木监测的应用实践,以服务于区域松材线虫病防控的技术指导和督查。经过3年的应用表明,高空间分辨率卫星遥感技术具有客观、科学和实时的优势,能够为上级管理机构提供决策依据。     

河南省古树名木的保护意义与保护对策

阐述了保护古树名木的重要意义,通过对河南省古树名木的现状分析,提出了今后在保护古树名木方面应采取的措施。