中草药饲料添加剂对河西肉牛血液生化指标影响的研究

为了提升河西肉牛产品特别是血液制品的质量及产业效益,利用饲料中添加中草药添加剂的方法对河西肉牛架子牛进行了育肥、屠宰试验。采取低剂量中草药组、高剂量中草药组和对照组肉牛血样,用专门仪器和方法测定了血液中5种血清矿物质离子、7种血清代谢产物及5种血清酶等生化指标的含量。结果表明:高剂量中草药组肉牛血清中的Na、Mg离子及乳酸脱氢酶含量均极显著高于低剂量组和对照组(P<0.01),Cl离子含量极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),其葡萄糖、肌酐、甘油三酯含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),谷丙转氨酶显著低于其他两组肉牛(P<0.05),而谷草转氨酶(AST)却显著高于其他两组肉牛(P<0.05);低剂量组和高剂量组肉牛血清中的高密度脂蛋白极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),碱性磷酸酶极显著低于对照组肉牛(P<0.01),而谷丙/谷酸则显著高于对照组肉牛(P<0.05)。结论:试验配制的中草药饲料添加剂对肉牛血液生化指标有良好的影响,对高剂量组肉牛的影响更为明显;饲喂中草药饲料添加剂的肉牛生长发育、营养状况均显著好于对照组,但高剂量组更优;利用高剂量中草药饲料添加剂饲喂的肉牛,其血液在制造保健用品方面有广阔开发前景。     

不同葡萄品种膜质过氧化和保护酶活性对盐胁迫的响应

研究了不同浓度NaCl处理对双丰、左山二、贝达以及金玫瑰细胞膜透性、膜质过氧化和保护酶活性的影响。结果表明:不同处理间,4个品种耐NaCl胁迫的动态响应表现出显著差异。随胁迫浓度的增大和胁迫时间的延长,MDA含量和细胞膜透性表现出增高趋势,增高幅度由高到低的顺序为双丰、左山二、贝达、金玫瑰;保护酶SOD活性整体表现出先增后降趋势,金玫瑰和贝达升高幅度相对较大;POD活性整体表现出下降趋势,但金玫瑰和贝达下降幅度相对较小。     

直接竞争ELISA检测氯霉素残留的方法建立及初步应用

用混合酸酐法合成氯霉素的CAP抗原,用过碘酸钠氧化法合成CAP酶标记抗原,用ELISA方法对合成的CAP抗原、CAP酶标记抗原进行鉴定表明其与抗CAP单克隆抗体具有特异性反应。在此基础上建立了包被二抗的直接竞争ELISA方法。特异性试验结果表明,CAP琥珀酸酯、CAP琥珀酸钠盐的交叉反应率分别为107%、106.4%;甲砜霉素、氟甲砜霉素与CAP的交叉反应率小于0.016%;与其他结构类似物间未见交叉反应。该方法对CAP的检测限可达到0.1μg/L,IC50为11.6μg/L,线性范围0.1～100μg/L,批内变异系数小于11.5%,批间变异系数小于19.6%。对猪肉、鸡肉、蜂蜜分别添加1.0、3.0、10.0、30.0μg/L CAP标准品,回收率61.0%～102.0%,变异系数为6.6%～15.8%;对猪肉、鸡肉、蜂蜜中CAP的最低检测限分别为0.48、0.42、1.20μg/kg。     

Responses of Components of Antioxidant System in Moongbean Genotypes to Cadmium Stress

Four genotypes (Pusa 9531, Pusa 9072, Pusa Vishal, PS‐16) of moongbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] grown in earthen pots were treated with cadmium at 0, 25, 50, and 100 mg kg^?1 soil. Cadmium tolerance (CdT), the ability of a plant to maintain growth at high levels of cadmium (Cd), was calculated as the ratio of dry‐matter production in the untreated and the Cd‐treated soils. The moongbean genotypes showed a differential response to Cd concentrations; Pusa 9531 was identified as Cd tolerant, whereas PS 16 was Cd susceptible. To find out the physiological basis of these differences, we investigated the possible role of antioxidant (enzymatic and nonenzymatic) defense systems. Activities of superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1), catalase (EC 1.11.1.6), ascorbate peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.11), and glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.2) and the amounts of ascorbate and glutathione were monitored in the Cd‐tolerant and Cd‐sensitive moongbean genotypes. The results revealed the presence of a strong antioxidant defense system in the Cd‐tolerant genotype (Pusa 9531) for providing adequate protection against oxidative stress caused by Cd.     

铜对土壤酶和碱解氮及甘蔗生长影响

【目的】研究土壤Cu浓度对土壤性状动态变化规律及甘蔗生长的影响,为农产品安全生产和重金属污染治理提供依据。【方法】以甘蔗为试验材料,采用盆栽法,设置不同土壤Cu浓度处理（44.15、61.65、79.15、86.65、94.15、269.15、444.15mg/kg）,在甘蔗不同生长期采样分析土壤性状及蔗株的生长情况。【结果】土壤脲酶随Cu浓度的增加（44.15-444.15mg/kg）呈先增加后降低的趋势,当Cu浓度为86.65或94.15mg/kg时达最大值;甘蔗各生长期土壤碱解N随土壤Cu浓度的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势;土壤脲酶活性与Cu浓度呈负效应,其中分蘖期和伸长期达到极显著和显著负相关;土壤碱解N与Cu浓度呈正、负效应,其中分蘖期和伸长期呈显著正相关;甘蔗株高、茎径、产量、蔗汁锤度随土壤Cu浓度的增加先增加后降低,甘蔗Cu受害临界值为土壤全Cu269.15mg/kg或蔗茎Cu7.82mg/kg。【结论】适宜的土壤Cu浓度可提高土壤脲酶活性、碱解N含量及甘蔗产量、品质;土壤脲酶活性与Cu浓度呈负效应,土壤碱解N与Cu浓度呈正、负效应。     

淀粉水解酶及其水解产物的研究进展

综述了淀粉水解酶的种类和特点,以及不同淀粉酶的酶解产物,并重点介绍了这些产品的主要功能和特性。     

贝莱斯芽胞杆菌GZ8-6对马铃薯根际土壤酶活性的影响及促生作用

为探究生防菌对马铃薯根系土壤酶活性及马铃薯生长的影响。分别以马铃薯疮痂病Streptomyces scabies X-1菌液、LB液体培养基以及生防菌贝莱斯芽胞杆菌Bacillus velezensis GZ8-6发酵液对马铃薯苗进行灌根处理, 测定和比较不同时间段的土壤酶活性和马铃薯生长相关指标。结果表明:X-1和贝莱斯芽胞杆菌GZ8-6处理后, 马铃薯根际土壤中脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶和纤维素酶的活性明显高于病原菌处理和LB液体培养基处理。X-1和GZ8-6处理后第30、60 天, 土壤蔗糖酶活性达到高峰, 分别比病原菌处理高1.70倍和2.71倍，土壤脲酶活性在施用后第10、20 天较病原菌处理分别提升了52.53%和59.48%;土壤纤维素酶和土壤过氧化氢酶活性在马铃薯生育期内呈上升-下降-上升-下降的趋势。经X-1和GZ8-6处理后马铃薯的侧根数、茎粗、地下部鲜重等各项生长指标都优于病原菌处理和培养基处理, 处理后60 d株高和地下部鲜重分别较病原菌处理提高了34.65%和124.79%, 茎粗较LB液体培养基处理平均增加0.53 cm。因此, 生防菌处理不仅对马铃薯有促生作用, 同时还能提高土壤关键酶活性。     

NADP-malic enzyme and glutathione reductase contribute to glutathione regeneration in Fragaria vesca fruit treated with protective high CO2 concentrations

Treatment of harvested strawberries (Fragaria vesca L. Mara des Bois) with high concentrations of CO₂ is an effective means of limiting fungal decay and avoiding disorders caused by low temperature storage. In the present study, we investigated the role of NADP-ME gene expression and activity in lowering malic acid contents and in the provision of NADPH required for the regeneration of the reduced form of glutathione (GSH). We also measured glutathione reductase (GR: EC 1.6.4.2) activity in strawberries treated with different high CO₂ concentrations (0, 20 and 40% for 3 days) during storage at 0 °C. A decrease in malic acid content in fruit exposed to 20% CO₂ was primarily mediated by the stimulation of NADP-ME activity, rather than associated with changes in the expression of cytosolic NADP-ME genes. Moreover, malic acid decarboxylation was associated with a marked increase in GR activity, which may account for the increased levels of glutathione in fruit following exposure to 20% CO₂. This chain of events was not observed in untreated fruit stored in air or in fruit treated with 40% CO₂, suggesting that the unique cellular redox status of 20% CO₂-treated fruit plays an important role in detoxification and protection from damage during storage. Based on these findings, we propose that NADP-ME activation in fruit exposed to 20% CO₂ provides NADPH for glutathione regeneration by GR, thereby conferring protection against the cellular damage caused by low temperatures or excessive high CO₂ levels.     

Prevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in cats, dogs and horses in Sweden

Samples of serum or plasma taken during 1986 and 1987 from 244 pet cats, 303 dogs and 219 horses, randomly selected among animals referred to the Animal Clinics of the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, were screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii. 42% of cats, 23% of dogs and 1% of horses examined were found seropositive.     

Purification and properties of β-galactosidase from Tilapia intestine: Digestive enzyme of Tilapia-X

ABSTRACT:   β-galactosidase of the intestine of Tilapia nilotica was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, followed by PAPTG-Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography, ethylenediamineetetraacetic acid ion-exchange chromatography, polyexchanger PBE 94 chromatofocusing, and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration. β-galactosidase was found to be a single band when examined by poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purifications of β-galactosidase were 27-fold from the crude extract. β-galactosidase showed optimum activity at pH 5.0 at 40°C, and was specifically found to be able to hydrolyze p -nitrophenyl β-galactopyranoside. It degrades galactan and agarose, and produces galactose. β-galactosidase was strongly inhibited by Hg²⁺ and PCMB. β-galactosidase is considered to be secreted by the upper and middle parts of the intestine and most of the activity was detected in the intestinal juice.