在回-直肠吻合猪日粮中添加可溶性糖对养分消化率的影响

为探明回－直肠吻合荷术猪日粮中补加可溶性糖的得失利弊，本文采用4头术后14周的回－直肠吻合猪，研究了在日粮中补加可溶性糖对养分消化率测值的影响，结果为：（1）在试验日粮中添加可溶性糖对于干物质的表观消化率有提高的趋势，但本试验条件差异不显著（P＞0．05）；（2）日粮中添加可溶性糖对氮的消化率和代谢率没有影响（P＞0．05）；（3）在日粮中添加可溶性糖对氨基酸的表观消化率测值没有影响（P＞0．05）。本研究表明在回－直肠吻合猪日粮中添加10％的可溶性糖不仅可以在一定程度上弥补回－直肠吻合荷术猪在能量代谢上的亏损，而且对氨基酸消化率的测值测有影响。     

不同胎次和产奶量的奶牛鲜奶脂肪酸含量比较

用气相色谱测定了不同胎次及不同产奶量奶牛鲜奶的脂肪酸含量。一胎４２个、二胎４８个、三胎２０个鲜奶样品。２０００～３０００千克１５个、３００１～４０００千克４１个、４００１～５０００千克３５个、５００１～６０００千克７个鲜奶样品。结果发现，１８：１脂肪酸含量为３３．４８％～３４．８６％；１８：２为８．５１％～１０．０８％；１４：０为７．９４％～１０．１４％；１６：０为２４．０４％～２６．２４％；１８     

鲜血包被玉米对肉牛瘤胃发酵、玉米淀粉消化率及相关血液指标的影响

研究了鲜血包被玉米对肉牛瘤胃发酵、玉米淀粉的消化率及相关血液指标的影响。试验按4×4拉丁方设计 ,4头成年肉牛按1.2M饲养水平供给羊草 ,在此基础上过瘤胃玉米淀粉量分别为0、300、600和900g/d。试验结果如下 :1)过瘤胃玉米淀粉量为0、300、600和900g/d时 ,瘤胃液TVFA浓度分别为54.87、68.08、61.64和61.46mmol/L ,丙酸摩尔比分别为18.44、19.60、19.09和19.03mol/100mol,VFA产量分别为14.47、17.95、16.22和16.17mol/d ,丙酸摩尔比与瘤胃内淀粉发酵量(g/d)呈正线性相关 ,r=0.9918 ;2)过瘤胃玉米淀粉量为300、600和900g/d时玉米淀粉的瘤胃后消化率分别为61.63 %、70.78 %和53.64 % ,全消化道分别为84.05 %、78.93 %和63.84 % ;3)过瘤胃玉米淀粉量增加时 ,血液中血糖、甘油三酯、生长激素、总蛋白和肌酐的浓度均有不同程度的提高 ,尿素氮浓度下降。     

梅花鹿血与发酵梅花鹿血酒氨基酸含量的比较分析

利用 8 35 50型氨基酸分析仪对梅花鹿血及发酵梅花鹿血酒的氨基酸含量进行了分析测定 ,结果表明 ,二者均含有 1 7种氨基酸 ,总氨基酸含量梅花鹿血高于发酵梅花鹿血酒 ,而各种游离氨基酸的含量 ,却是后者高于前者 ,且后者是前者的 3～ 1 0 3倍。     

Dried green leaf powders of Jew's mellow (Corchorus), persimmon (Diosphyros kaki) and sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas poir) lower hepatic cholesterol concentration and increase fecal bile acid excretion in rats fed a cholesterol-free diet

A cholesterol-free diet containing dried powder of Jew's mellow leaves, persimmon leaves or sweet potato leaves respectively at 5% level as dietary fiber was fed to male Sprague-Dawley rats for about one month. The experiment was conducted twice except for sweet potato leaves. In the groups fed the diet mixed with powders of any of the three different dried green leaves, the hepatic cholesterol concentration significantly decreased. Such lowering was not observed in serum cholesterol concentration compared with the control (cellulose) group. A significant increase in fecal weight was observed in all the groups fed the green leaf samples. All the dried green leaves increased fecal excretion of bile acids per gram or per day compared with the control group in both experiments, but only the dried Jew's mellow leaves showed an increased excretion of neutral sterols. These results suggest that lowering of hepatic cholesterol by powdered green leaves is not necessarily due to the same factor, but to the increased fecal excretion of bile acids due to inhibited enterohepatic circulation in animals given these samples.     

Treatment of Culicoides hypersensitive horses with high-dose n-3 fatty acids: a double-blinded crossover study

In this double-blinded crossover study the clinical efficacy of high dose α-linolenic acid (linseed oil) for the treatment of Culicoides spp. hypersensitivity was evaluated. Seventeen privately owned horses from north Florida, USA completed the 18-week study. Criteria for inclusion included negative dermatophyte cultures, negative skin scrapes, failure to respond to ivermectin treatment, compatible clinical signs, positive skin test to Culicoides spp.antigen and a history of seasonal pruritus consistent with Culicoides spp. hypersensitivity. Horses were randomized and each horse's feed was supplemented with 200 mL of linseed oil (n-3 source) or 200 mL of corn oil (n-6 source) per day for a 6-week period. After a 6-week washout period, each horse was crossed over to the other supplement for an additional 6 weeks. Horses were evaluated every 3 weeks. The level of pruritus was determined by counting pruritic acts in a 30-min period. Total lesional surface area was determined by computerized evaluation of scanned photographs and documented physical examination findings. There was no significant change in level of pruritus observed between the groups ( P  = 0.89). Additionally, lesional surface area was not significantly different between the groups ( P  = 0.06). However, most owners stated that horses improved while supplemented with linseed oil.     

长期施用炭基有机肥对土壤铜形态及微生物群落的影响

为明确炭基有机肥施用对土壤重金属污染的缓解作用以及对土壤微生态的改良效果,设计小区试验,研究相同施氮量条件不同炭基有机肥处理（T1、T2和T3处理炭基有机肥中生物质炭的质量分数分别为3%、6%和9%）下,连续施用5年后,对土壤养分、土壤铜形态以及微生物群落的影响。结果表明：与对照组CK1（有机肥处理）相比,T1、T2和T3处理土壤pH分别显著提高0.65、0.86和0.90个单位,T2和T3处理显著提高土壤铵态氮含量,分别提高了1.94 和1.66倍,T3处理土壤有机碳含量显著提高22.7%;只有T3处理对可交换态和可还原态Cu分配率的影响较大,分别显著降低了21.9%和45.1%;T2和T3处理能显著提高土壤基础呼吸速率（增幅分别为51.5%和37.6%）; T3处理能够显著提高土壤细菌、革兰氏阴性菌以及PLFAs总量（增幅分别为15.5%,16.8%和17.2%）。此外,冗余分析表明,pH和总Cu是影响土壤微生物群落特征变异的主要环境因子。综上,炭基有机肥T3处理在改善土壤化学性质、钝化重金属Cu有效性、提高土壤微生物活性和数量方面的效果最佳。     

核桃壳木醋液植物生长促进剂响应面法配方优化

为优化以核桃壳木醋液为主的植物生长促长剂配方,在单因素试验的基础上,以核桃的叶面积为响应值,采用响应面法检测不同混合物比例对核桃的促生效果,结果表明：在木醋液体积分数0.5 %（200倍液）,KH2PO4质量浓度0.2%,过磷酸钙质量浓度1%,硼酸质量浓度0.2%,尿素质量浓度0.3%时,一年生核桃叶面积最大,达到82.77cm2,与预测值（85.23cm2）无显著差异,表明促生条件最佳,在回归方程中核桃壳木醋液对叶面积的影响最为显著,可用于进一步制备核桃壳木醋液生长促进剂。     

The effects of dietary n-3 vs. n-6 fatty acids on ex-vivo LTB4 generation by canine neutrophils

Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are widely used for amelioration of inflammatory skin disease in dogs. In this study, a diet containing two different sources of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid–triglyceride (from menhaden oil) and concentrated ethyl esters–was fed to one group of six purpose-bred dogs, while an isocaloric isonitrogenous diet with corn oil (n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids) was fed to another group of eight purpose-bred dogs for six weeks. Peripheral blood neutrophils, isolated at week–1 (baseline), week 2 and week 6, were stimulated with calcium ionophore A23187 and the amount of leukotriene B₄ produced was determined via reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Analysis of variance of log-transformed data revealed a significant effect for diet ( P  = 0.005) at six weeks, with dogs fed the high n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid diet having significantly less mean ex vivo neutrophil leukotriene B₄ production than dogs fed the high n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid diet. Further studies on the clinical usefulness of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ethyl esters are warranted.     

Dietary methionine requirement of juvenile Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus (L.)

The dietary methionine requirement of juvenile Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus (L.) was assessed by feeding diets supplemented with graded levels of DL-methionine (9, 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 g kg⁻¹dietary protein) for 16 weeks at 12°C. All diets contained 400 g kg⁻¹ protein, 170 g kg⁻¹ lipid, 66 g kg⁻¹ ash and an estimated 17.5 MJ digestible energy (DE) kg⁻¹. When live-weight gain was examined using quadratic regression, the estimate of methionine requirement for optimal growth was 17.6 g kg⁻¹ of dietary protein (DP) or 7 g kg⁻¹ of the diet. Requirements estimated on the basis of carcass protein and energy gains were 18.8 and 17.9 g kg⁻¹ DP, respectively. Plasma methionine concentrations and ocular focal length variability measurements did not provide a sensitive measure of requirement, because each responded in a linear fashion to increasing dietary methionine levels. Based on the prevalence of cataracts, the methionine level required to prevent lens pathology (26.7 g kg⁻¹ DP) appears to be higher than that required for maximum growth.