Grundkalkung stark schwefelsaurer Kippsande des Braunkohlebergbaus – ein praxisnaher Technikversuch: Basic amelioration of acid sulphurous sandy mine soils of lignite mining – a technology experiment

Reclamation of acid sulphurous substrates of lignite mining needs amelioration with limestone. Good agronomic results are achieved with an amelioration depth of 100?cm. However, in reclamation practice the result of amelioration is often insufficient. Therefore, on the basis of a field experiment technological aspects of amelioration, especially of limestone incorporation, are discussed. On sandy mine soils a working depth of 100?cm is achieved with conventional deep rotary tillers. In contrast, even under favourable conditions none of the tested tillers ensures an adequate incorporation depth of limestone. With respect to the acidification potential of the substrates sufficient amounts of limestone are incorporated to a depth of 60?cm, below there is no appreciable effect on pH at present.     

生物质炭对酸性土壤改良作用的研究进展

由于生物质炭在农业和环境中的巨大应用前景和对土壤碳的增汇减排作用,近期成为土壤学家和环境学家研究的热点。本文综述了生物质炭对热带和亚热带地区酸性土壤的改良作用及其机制,总结了生物质炭对土壤肥力和养分有效性及作物生长和产量的影响的研究进展,分析了该领域未来的发展趋势,可为酸性土壤改良和管理提供参考。     

内蒙古科尔沁左翼后旗的泥炭资源及其改良苏打盐渍土的研究

内蒙古自治区哲里木盟科尔沁左翼后旗广泛分布着沙碱化土壤，其风沙土与盐碱土的面积占其总土壤面积的７６％，自然肥力贫瘠．但是，该旗同时分布着储量约达６２×１０６ｍ３的泥炭资源，埋藏较浅，泥炭层较厚，易于开采．研究表　明，在盐渍土种植玉米的条件下，大量增施泥炭，能获得显著的改土增产效果．     

Effects of trench planting and soil chiselling on soil properties and citrus production in hilly ultisols of China

Trench planting and soil chiselling are special techniques of soil utilization and reclamation for citrus production in the hilly red soil region of China. Serious erosion, acidity, compactness, low fertility, and seasonal drought are major problems in this region. These problems in the red soil (i.e., ultisol in US taxonomy system) limit plant production, especially that of deeply rooting plants. Trench planting was aimed at improving the entire rooting space for the citrus tree growth before the citrus saplings are transplanted to the red soil. Several years later, in order to provide more rooting space for the mature citrus trees, another soil chiselling trench was made beside the planting trench. Materials, including lime, fertilizer and organic manure, were mixed in both planting and chiselling trenches, rapidly increasing soil nutrients in the entire rooting depth and improving soil structure and other soil physical conditions. The yield observations showed that the citrus trees bore fruit one year earlier in the trench planted orchard than in the conventional orchard, and that the citrus yield increased more than three times in eight years after the citrus saplings were transplanted.     

几种重盐碱地土壤改良利用模式的比较

对重盐碱地几种改良利用模式的应用条件和优缺点进行了对比分析后认为，深松土壤、化学改良与种植耐盐牧草相结合的模式适合在黄河三角洲推广应用。     

半干旱风沙区疏林式草牧场防护林的土壤改良效应

对半干旱地区疏林式草牧场防护林土壤改良效应进行了研究。与无防护林庇护的草场相比，疏林式草牧场防护林具有明显的土壤改良效应。可以调节地表极温、地中温度和地表温度，提高土壤的含水率，降低土壤密度，改善土壤孔隙度、透气度和土壤水分等物理特性，可提高庇护草场土壤的有机质、全氮、速效磷和速效钾等差分的含量，进而可改善土壤的物理性质及化学性质，为防护林内牧草的生长提供良好的土壤环境。     

台安县水稻田养分含量现状及改良措施

近些年,台安县农业技术推广中心实施了测土配方施肥工程,对包括14 666 km2水稻在内的耕地土壤开展了土壤养分分析测定工作,基本查清了台安县水稻田土壤养分现状。内文通过把台安县水稻田测土配方施肥工程的测土数据与第二次土壤普查结果相比较,分析了现状,并针对实际情况,提出具体改良措施。     

环境矿物材料改良土壤的研究进展

简要综述了应用环境矿物材料改良土壤的研究进展,主要包括改良土壤结构、提高土壤保水、保肥能力、调节土壤酸碱度、修复重金属污染土壤等,并且提出一些建议.     

风化煤改变黄河三角洲盐渍化土壤溶液组分的过程

黄河三角洲盐渍土改良具有重要的经济和社会意义。风化煤(0%、1%、3%、5%)添加到不同含盐量(1.0 mg·g~(-1)、7.5 mg·g~(-1)、35.3 mg·g~(-1))的滨海盐渍化土壤后,可降低土壤浸提液的钠吸附比(Sodium adsorption ratio,SAR)及Cl~-/SO_4~(2-)比,有助于减轻盐渍危害。7.5 mg·g~(-1)含盐量土壤在5%添加下SAR由7.81降为6.61,Cl~-/SO_4~(2-)由10.20降为8.25。风化煤中丰富的羧基等表面官能团及Ca~(2+),可通过三个作用过程改变盐渍化土壤溶液的离子组成,涉及:(1)风化煤固相Ca~(2+)与溶液Na~+离子的交换,从而降低土壤溶液中Na~+的浓度和危害;(2)溶液中Ca~(2+)与土壤交换性Na~+的置换,有助于土壤团聚体的形成和Na~+的淋洗;(3)溶液中的Na~+与风化煤中的溶解性有机质形成络合物,使Na~+的活度和植物有效性降低,间接起到减害作用。此外,钠吸附比和氯硫比可用于在实验室初步判断风化煤等物料用于盐渍土改良的潜力和效果。     

钢渣与生物质炭配合施用对红壤酸度的改良效果

采用厌氧热解方法制备污泥生物质炭和花生秸秆炭,研究了钢渣和生物质炭单独施用及配合施用对红壤酸度的改良效果,结果表明,钢渣、花生秸秆炭和污泥生物质炭均含有一定量的碱性物质,向红壤中添加钢渣和生物质炭可以中和土壤酸度,提高土壤pH,增加土壤交换性盐基阳离子含量,降低土壤交换性铝含量.90天培养实验结束时,这3种改良剂分别使土壤pH相对对照提高1.10、0.72和0.48.钢渣与花生秸秆炭配合施用对土壤酸度的改良效果最好,使土壤pH相对对照提高2.14,单施污泥生物质炭的改良效果最小.钢渣和生物质炭含一定量的养分元素,添加钢渣和生物质炭可以同时改善土壤肥力.钢渣含丰富的钙,添加钢渣使土壤交换性钙含量增幅最大,相对对照增加4.5倍;添加花生秸秆炭使土壤交换钾增加最显著,相对对照约增加7倍;污泥生物质炭含丰富的磷,添加污泥生物质炭使土壤有效磷增加最显著,相对对照增加5.4倍.添加钢渣和2种生物质炭均显著提高了土壤交换性镁含量,将钢渣与生物质炭配合施用,土壤交换性镁含量的增幅更大.由于钢渣和2种生物质炭的碱含量和养分含量各有特点,因此可以根据土壤酸度状况和养分含量选择将钢渣与不同生物质炭配合施用,以达到既能最大限度中和土壤酸度又能补充土壤所必需养分的目的.