太阳能光伏发电烤房烤后烟叶等级质量及节本增效效果研究

试验以气流下降式大型密集烤房为对照,研究在其基础上改建而成的太阳能光伏发电烤房烤后烟叶等级质量及其烘烤节能效果.结果表明:在农用电供电正常情况下,改建后的太阳能光伏发电烤房对烤后烟叶等级质量、烘烤效益无明显影响;在烘烤出现农用电停电情况下,改建后的太阳能光伏发电烤房对烤后烟叶等级质量、烘烤效益有明显提升.在烘烤能耗方面,改建后的太阳能光伏发电烤房与大型密集烤房相比,当太阳能光伏发电系统供给1座烤房用电时,太阳能光伏发电烤房节电率可达100％,当太阳能光伏发电系统供给4座烤房用电时,太阳能光伏发电烤房下、中、上部烟叶耗电量平均每炕分别节省达37.34％、35.89％、41.12％,节电效果明显.因此,将太阳能光伏发电系统作为整个烘烤工场的备用电源,可有效保障烟叶烘烤的顺利进行,保证烤烟烘烤烟叶质量.     

不同繁殖代数对烟草品种性状影响

[目的]研究不同年代采收和不同繁殖代数对烟草(Nicotiana tabacum)品种性状的影响。[方法]烟草品种分别为吉烟七号、翠碧一号、K346、NC82和V2,对不同烤烟品种的种子进行田间种植试验。[结果]不同烟草品种间以NC82现蕾较早,翠碧一号和吉烟七号等现蕾较晚;对同一品种不同年代的种子而言,随着繁种代数的增加,吉烟七号、翠碧一号、V2等品种的种子现蕾期推迟,其中吉烟七号、翠碧一号、V2较早年份或较早代的种子现蕾期要比较晚年份或较晚代数的种子早2～9 d。随着种子繁殖代数的增加,多数品种叶片的长和宽增大,导致叶片变大,叶片数增多或减少。不同品种不同年代的种子产量无显著差异,产值、上等烟比例、均价等有显著差异。随着年代或繁殖代数的延长,翠碧一号、NC82和V2等品种的种子产值下降,各品种最晚一代的种子均价比最早一代的低。[结论]该研究可为烟草种子繁殖代数的相关研究提供指导。     

秸秆沼气化发电技术生命周期评估及经济分析

该研究基于生命周期评价方法和时间价值动态分析方法对沼气直燃发电技术、沼气燃料电池发电技术作可行性分析,并与燃煤发电技术相比,旨在综合评估三种发电技术在环境和经济上的特点,为发电方式选择提供参考依据。结果表明：沼气燃料电池发电技术环境效益最佳,总环境影响负荷为8.55×10^-4,沼气直燃发电技术总环境影响负荷为2.15×10^-2,两者相较于燃煤发电(2.97×10^-1)的减排量分别为99.71%和92.76%。在经济上,沼气直燃发电技术的投资回收期最短(12.03 a),运营期净现值可达1 361 246 Yuan/MW;其次是燃煤发电技术(14.5 a),净现值为423 933 Yuan/MW;沼气燃料电池发电技术动态回收期>20 a且未实现盈余。说明沼气直燃发电技术在近期内将仍是替代燃煤发电的最佳发电技术之一。     

风力发电场进场道路曲线设计应注意的问题

风能已成为世界上增长最快的清洁可再生能源,风力发电世界各国争相发展.然而我省风力发电项目进展较为缓慢,主要原因在于,我省公路网密度较低,许多公路等级偏低,平面线性较差,运输风电设备的长货车通行较困难.风电路的设计有一定的特殊性,我们在进行风电路设计时不能照搬规范上的数据,特殊数值需要通过计算求得,以保证风电设备的顺利运输.     

基于马斯洛需求理论的新生代农民工劳动关系的构建

新生代农民工的需求较上一代农民工有其特殊性。基于马斯洛需求理论,分析当前新生代农民工的生理需求未得到满足,对安全的需求增加,希望受尊重和社交的愿望强烈,并且有迫切的自我实现需求。然而,目前社会纯经济利益化的劳动关系难以满足新生代农民工的生理需求,劳动保障措施也无法完全满足新生代农民工的安全需求,劳资双方关系不对等不能满足新生代农民工尊重和社交的需求,劳动关系不稳定也影响了新生代农民工自我实现需求。新生代农民工同时存在的生理、安全、尊重、社交和自我实现这五种需求与现在经济利益化、不安全、不平等、不稳定的劳动关系形成了突出的矛盾。需要通过创建员工与企业共享式发展的劳动关系、建立和完善社会保障制度、建立平等的劳动关系以及建立稳定的劳动关系,满足新生代农民工不同层次的需求,建立稳定和谐的劳动关系。     

Comparison of physiological and yield traits between purple- and white-pericarp rice using SLs

Five physiological and eleven yield traits of two pairs of sister lines generated from a high generation with similar genetic background (SLs) for purple pericarp were investigated to explore the reasons behind low-yield production of colored rice. Of the five physiological traits examined, except grain anthocyanin content, there were generally similar trends between the P (purple-pericarp) lines and the corresponding W (white-pericarp) lines over two seasons (in the year 2009 and 2010 separately). The results demonstrated that the chlorophyll content of flag leaves, the net photosynthetic rate of flag leaves, and the grain anthocyanin content could be easily influenced by the environment. The physiological functions of the traits for the P lines were more active than those of the corresponding W lines in the year 2010. The grain anthocyanin content of the P lines was much greater in the year 2010 than in the year 2009 during the growth period. The investigation of yield traits revealed that the P lines had reduced 1000-grain weight, yield per plot and grain/brown rice thickness compared to the W lines. A difference comparison of these traits and a source-sink and transportation relationship analysis for these SLs suggested that small sink size was a key reason behind yield reduction of purple pericarp rice.     

Induction of Systemic Resistance in Cucumber against Several Diseases by Plant Growth-promoting Fungi: lignification and Superoxide Generation

Five fungal isolates (Trichoderma, Fusarium, Penicillium, Phoma and a sterile fungus) from zoysiagrass rhizosphere that promote plant growth were tested for their ability to induce systemic resistance in cucumber plants against Colletotrichum orbiculare. Roots of cucumber plants were treated with these fungal isolates using barley grain inocula (BGI), mycelial inocula (MI) or culture filtrate (CF). Most isolate/inoculum form combinations significantly reduced the disease except BGI of Trichoderma. These fungal isolates were also evaluated for induction of systemic resistance against bacterial angular leaf spot and Fusarium wilt by treatment with BGI. Penicillium, Phoma and the sterile fungus significantly reduced the disease incidence of bacterial angular leaf spot. Phoma and sterile fungus protected plants significantly against Fusarium wilt. Roots treated with CFs of these fungal isolates induced lignification at Colletotrichum penetration points indicating the presence of an elicitor in the CFs. The elicitor activity of CFs was evaluated by the chemiluminescence assay using tobacco callus and cucumber fruit disks. The CFs of all isolates elicited conspicuous superoxide generation. The chemiluminescence activity of the CF of Penicillium was extremely high, and its intensity was almost 100-fold higher than that of other isolates. The chemiluminescence activity was not lost following treatment with protease or autoclaving or after removal of lipid. The MW 12,000 dialyzed CF fraction was highly effective in eliciting chemiluminescence activity. Chemiluminescence emission from cucumber fruit disks treated with Penicillium was the same as that obtained from tobacco callus, except that the lipid fraction also showed a high activity. Both the MW 12,000 fraction and the lipid fraction induced lignification in the epidermal tissues of cucumber hypocotyls.     

Components of resistance to late blight (Phytophthora infestans) in eight South AmericanSolanum species

Four components of partial resistance toPhytophthora infestans were measured after inoculation in the greenhouse and in the field ofSolanum arnezii x hondelmannii, S. berthaultii, S. circaeifolium, S. leptophyes, S. microdontum, S. sparsipilum, S. sucrense andS. vernei, and four hybrid progenies ofS. microdontum withS. tuberosum. The four components were infection efficiency, lesion growth rate, generation time and sporulation capacity. The results were compared with resistance ratings derived from field experiments, and with observations made on the potato cultivars Bintje, Bildstar, Libertas and Pimpernel. Genetic variation for all components was found, while the relative importance of the components of partial resistance appeared to vary between the species. InS. microdontum, generation time, infection efficiency and lesion growth rate, and inS. tuberosum infection efficiency, lesion growth rate and sporulation capacity appeared positively associated, but in other species no such association was found. A strong hypersensitive reaction, the expression of which appeared to depend on environmental conditions, was found inS. microdontum. ForS. berthaultii, infection efficiency appeared to be the main resistance component.Abbreviations ADPC area under the disease progress curve - IE infection efficiency - LGR lesion growth rate - GT generation time - SC sporulation capacity     

华北棉田二代棉铃虫发生程度中期预测

在华北棉区用扫网法和目测查虫法调查麦田一代棉铃虫幼虫发生量，用比较法和生命表分析法预测二代棉铃虫在棉田的发生程度和虫口密度。经1991—1994年应用检验，预测结果均与实际发生情况吻合。     

姥山马尾松1代种子园良种选育

经过１０多年努力，姥山马尾松１代无性系种子园建成投产，经造林测定，６年生子代林的树高、胸径、村积生长量分别比对照提高１５．２％、１８．４％、５６．８％．良种效益显著，并经浙江省林木良种审定委员会审定通过。