番茄绿果与橙果间果实颜色及主要色素含量的遗传研究

对番茄组合绿樱(绿果)×金珠1号(橙果)的6个世代遗传群体(P1、P2、F1、BC1、BC2和F2)进行果色性状、番茄红素含量、叶绿素含量和胡萝卜素含量等的遗传规律分析。结果表明:正反交F1的果色性状无明显差异,而色素含量存在显著差异;说明番茄果色性状受核基因控制,而色素含量遗传除受核基因控制外还可能存在胞质效应。采用多世代联合分析法的分析结果表明,番茄绿果与橙果间的果色性状符合2对加性主基因+加性-显性多基因(MX2-A-AD)遗传模型,其BC1、BC2和F2主基因遗传率分别为73.42%、78.25%和61.41%,多基因遗传率分别为22.87%、15.35%和34.94%,即果色性状遗传的主基因遗传力较强;叶绿素含量符合1对负向显性主基因+加性-显性多基因(MX1-AEND-AD)遗传模型,其BC1、BC2和F2主基因遗传率分别为0、1.73%和0.65%,多基因遗传率分别为45.47%、0和37.82%,即主基因遗传力在BC2群体中最高,多基因遗传力在BC1群体中最高;番茄红素含量与胡萝卜素含量均符合2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性多基因(MX2-ADI-AD)遗传模型,其BC1、BC2和F2主基因遗传率分别为75.74%、1.79%、84.26%和61.53%、87.21%、81.05%,多基因遗传率分别为20.32%、74.12%、12.68%和0.68%、0、0,表明番茄红素含量和胡萝卜素含量的主基因遗传力较强。     

Population dynamics of the potato cyst nematode,Globodera pallida,in relation to temperature,potato cultivar and nematicide application

The impact of increasing temperatures on the population dynamics of the soil-dwelling nematode Globodera pallida, a persistent and economically important pest of potatoes, was investigated. The reproductive factor (final population⁄initial population) and length of life cycle were found to be temperature sensitive. Pot experiments performed over 4 months allowed comparison of the effect on development of G. pallida of two temperature regimes: an average temperature comparable to current field conditions (14.3 °C) and an average temperature above current field conditions (17.3 °C). A larger second generation of juveniles was observed at 17.3 °C compared to 14.3 °C. Multiplication of G. pallida at field sites in Shropshire and East Lothian (average soil temperatures of 15.5 and 14.1 °C, respectively, during potato cropping) was also examined. A quantitative PCR assay and visual examination of roots were used to monitor the dynamics of the G. pallida populations in both field sites at 4-weekly intervals. Four cultivars, Desirée, Cara, Maris Piper and Estima, were grown with and without nematicide treatments. Nematicide treatments suppressed population increases at both sites. Females were observed on the roots of cvs Cara and Desirée at the end of the growing season in Shropshire, but not at East Lothian, and are likely to represent a second generation.     

欧盟27国小水电的发展对我国的战略思考

详细介绍和分析了欧盟27国发展小水电的现状和战略规划、欧盟可再生能源和分布式能源的结构比例,以及欧洲小水电协会系统推进小水电发展所起的作用.根据国家水利部颁发的《＂十二五＂全国水电新农村电气化规划》,介绍和分析了我国小水电的发展现状和战略规划;对我国发展小型和微型水电中存在的突出问题进行了详细的分析,例如：小水电的权责不清晰;小水电站数量多和管理难;小水电开发产业的延续性差和未来趋势不清晰;小水电设备的制造企业面临的问题,例如技术水平低、技术储备不足、科研投入少和科研能力差、管理程度浅等;小水电站年利用小时数偏低和径流式电站的问题.提出了5点建议：明晰小水电的权责关系,规范小水电的开发和经营;建立小流域发展综合管理委员会,采取＂电站群＂的管理方式;把握我国和国际市场的小水电发展趋势,把小水电产业做大做强并保持可持续发展;提出了从＂一个科研中心、两个方向＂出发,提升小水电设备制造企业技术水平低的思路;提高小水电站年满发小时数即设备的利用率,增加小水电的发电效益.     

基于代码生成的电控空气悬架系统电子控制单元

为提高某型SUV车辆的行驶平顺性、通过性等,对其进行空气悬架改装,并设计了由最小系统、车速信号调理模块、电动气泵控制模块、组合电磁阀控制模块、车身高度检测模块、CAN总线模块、车身加速度测量模块等组成的以Freescale XDP512为核心芯片的电控空气悬架系统电子控制单元,利用Real-Time Workshop(RTW)代码生成技术将所制定电控空气悬架系统控制策略转化为ANSI C代码并下载至电子控制单元,然后对安装电控空气悬架系统的试验车辆进行了车身高度与车速耦合试验、转向试验、急加速试验、急减速试验、平顺性试验,结果表明所设计的电控空气悬架系统控制单元能够实现车速信号调理、车身高度与车速耦合、电动气泵控制及组合阀控制等功能。     

抗虫杂交棉F1、F2代纤维品质的比较研究

2003年,在山东尹庄、江苏扬州、安徽宿松、湖北荆州、湖南长沙、湖南南县、湖南澧县等7个地点,对包括对照中29在内8个组合的F1、F2代共计16个材料进行纤维品质的比较研究,结果表明:抗虫杂交棉F1和F2代间除纤维长度达到显著差异外,其他7项指标差异均无显著,但F2代纤维品质变异范围增大,劣质纤维比例增加,优良纤维比例减少,从而出现纤维品质的衰退。     

Anti-Inflammatory Cembranoids from a Formosa Soft Coral Sarcophyton cherbonnieri

The present investigation on chemical constituents of the soft coral Sarcophyton cherbonnieri resulted in the isolation of seven new cembranoids, cherbonolides F–L (1–7). The chemical structures of 1–7 were determined by spectroscopic methods, including infrared, one- and two-dimensional (1D and 2D) NMR (COSY, HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY), MS experiments, and a chemical reduction of hydroperoxide by triphenylphosphine. The anti-inflammatory activities of 1–7 against neutrophil proinflammatory responses were evaluated by measuring their inhibitory ability toward N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine/cytochalasin B (fMLF/CB)-induced superoxide anion generation and elastase release in primary human neutrophils. The results showed that all isolates exhibited moderate activities, while cherbonolide G (2) and cherbonolide H (3) displayed a more active effect than others on the inhibition of elastase release (48.2% ± 6.2%) and superoxide anion generation (44.5% ± 4.6%) at 30 µM, respectively.     

茎用芥菜新品种1年2代繁育研究初报

为了探索福建省茎用芥菜1年2代繁育技术,选择6个茎用芥菜品种,分别进行冬春季正常繁育和夏秋季高山加代繁育的2代繁育试验,并对比各品种2代繁育的生育期、株高、株幅和种子产量。结果表明：所有参试茎用芥菜品种只要通过打破种子休眠、衔接好2代繁育的播种期都能完成1周年2代繁育,夏秋季高山加代繁育的全生育期比冬春季正常繁育平均缩短约50 d;冬春季繁育比夏秋季高山加代繁育株高增加31.2%～132.9%,株幅增加1.5%～21.8%,所有参试品种冬春季繁育的种子产量都极显著高于相应夏秋季高山加代繁育,种子产量增加17.8%～153.6%。     

多代杉木人工林生长发育效应的研究

在全国杉木中心产区,选择不同栽植代数（１、２、３代）、不同发育阶段（５、１０、１５、２０年）、不同立地（１４、１６、１８地位指数）的杉木人工林,进行不同栽植代数杉木人工林生长发育特点的比较研究,结果表明：连栽导致了杉木生长的明显衰退,２、３代杉木戏分别比１代杉木下降７．２９％￣１１．６１％和１５．６３％￣２１．４７％,树高分别下降７．８９％￣１１．７６％和１７．７６％￣２２．３５％,蓄积量分别下降２１．０２％￣２４．６１％和３８．７０％￣４４．１８％,而且随栽植代数的增加,杉木戏、树高生长速生期开始时间推迟,速生期缩短,林木分化日趋明显,中级木比例减少,大、小级木比例增加。     

Application of Line Thinnings in Practice

The discussion covers the need to change our present system of harvesting pine timber thinnings in order to increase productivity. It points out that this productivity increase can only be achieved through technical innovation and by the introduction of machinery suited to do the job. The machinery and work methods call for a type of neutral thinning in conjunction with a selective thinning or followed by a selective thinning. The advantages of this type of thinning, as practised in this country, are illustrated.     

太阳能光伏发电烤房烤后烟叶等级质量及节本增效效果研究

试验以气流下降式大型密集烤房为对照,研究在其基础上改建而成的太阳能光伏发电烤房烤后烟叶等级质量及其烘烤节能效果.结果表明:在农用电供电正常情况下,改建后的太阳能光伏发电烤房对烤后烟叶等级质量、烘烤效益无明显影响;在烘烤出现农用电停电情况下,改建后的太阳能光伏发电烤房对烤后烟叶等级质量、烘烤效益有明显提升.在烘烤能耗方面,改建后的太阳能光伏发电烤房与大型密集烤房相比,当太阳能光伏发电系统供给1座烤房用电时,太阳能光伏发电烤房节电率可达100％,当太阳能光伏发电系统供给4座烤房用电时,太阳能光伏发电烤房下、中、上部烟叶耗电量平均每炕分别节省达37.34％、35.89％、41.12％,节电效果明显.因此,将太阳能光伏发电系统作为整个烘烤工场的备用电源,可有效保障烟叶烘烤的顺利进行,保证烤烟烘烤烟叶质量.