不同氮效率水稻品种苗期吸氮效率差异及其机理研究

以大田筛选得到的不同生物学特性的12个水稻品种为材料,研究了水培条件下这些品种苗期的吸N效率差异,结果表明大田N效率不同的品种在苗期水培条件下吸N效率也不相同,并且大田相同类型的品种在苗期N效率也不完全相同。供试7个大田高产品种中只有桂单4号、云粳38和黔育421这3个水稻品种在水培环境中同样保持较其它品种生物量大,N响应高的特性;另外3个大田高产品种南光、予粳7号和4007在苗期N效率表现很差;红稻Vmax虽然很大,但是生物量很小,所以综合表现一般。3个低产品种Elio、抚宁小红芒和黄金糯中,Elio在苗期N效率很高,另外2个品种N效率不高。研究发现,生物量(尤其是根系的生物量)和对NH4 的亲和力(1/Km)以及Vmax是水稻苗期吸N效率的主要决定因素。典型的苗期N高效品种有桂单4号、黔育421、Elio和云粳38,这些品种苗期N累积量高,N响应值高,原因在于桂单4号、黔育421和Elio在水平增加后Vmax都成倍增加,尤其Elio的Vmax一直都很高,而云粳38则主要是靠较高的生物量来获得高吸N量。典型的低效品种有南光、4007、武运粳7号和予粳7号,这些品种N累积量小,N响应值小,原因在于其中前3个品种在N水平增加后Vmax都降低,Km大幅度增加,而予粳7号虽然Vmax稍有增加,但亲和力则降低最大而成为所有品种中最低的,所以综合结果仍是低效。     

沼气同时脱硫脱碳过程模拟

[目的]模拟沼气同时脱硫脱碳过程模型的建立。[方法]采用Aspen流程模拟软件建立了沼气同时脱硫脱碳的过程模型,以此为基础考察了吸收剂流量、浓度、温度和塔器的操作压力、塔板数等因素对脱除效率的影响。[结果]吸收剂MDEA的体积流量和浓度对沼气中H2S和CO2的脱除率有直接的影响;考虑到脱除成本,采用相对较低的MDEA浓度,最佳质量分数为10%左右;温度升高,吸收速率降低,低温更有利于吸收脱碳操作。增加吸收塔的操作压力能够提高H2S和CO2的脱除率,对H2S具有较高的选择性;对于含硫量偏高的沼气,增加操作压力,有助于提高处理效果。吸收塔板数对脱硫脱碳效果的影响不明显,一般采取11块板左右能够达到分离要求。[结论]该模拟结果对工业规模的吸收塔的设计和运行具有参考意义。     

Plasma Concentration of Glucosamine and Chondroitin Sulfate in Horses after an Oral Dose

This study was conducted to study absorption of glucosamine (GlucN) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) in horses immediately after feeding. Six mature mares were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin-square-designed experiment. The experiment consisted of three 15-day periods, which included 10 days of diet adaptation followed by a 5-day sampling period. Blood was drawn after feeding on one day during each sampling period. Horses were fed a control diet (40% hay, 60% concentrate) balanced to meet NRC requirements for maintenance of mature horses (NRC, Nutrient requirements of horses, 1989). In one experimental diet, 2.0 g CS and 5.5 g GlucN were added to the basal ration at each feeding. In the other experimental diet, 3.5 g CS and 8.5 g GlucN were added to the basal ration at each feeding. After collections, blood was centrifuged and plasma was harvested and stored until analyzed for the presence of each compound. Analyses for plasma GlucN were performed using high-performance liquid chromatography. CS in the plasma was analyzed using a color reagent, dimethylmethylene blue, followed by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. There were no significant differences (P < .05) in the concentration of either CS or GlucN in plasma, when comparing the three different diets. This leads to a conclusion that these compounds were not absorbed intact through the intestinal wall into the bloodstream. This poses a question as to whether oral forms of these compounds are absorbed and are able to migrate to joints through the blood to improve joint function.     

小肽的吸收与转运及其营养作用

随着动物营养学研究的发展,蛋白质营养的研究也在逐步深入,由原来的粗蛋白营养发展到氨基酸营养,进一步发展到现在的小肽营养。本文就小肽的吸收、转运、营养及其在动物生产中的应用,以及目前小肽研究领域中存在的问题等方面进行阐述。     

施氮对高产春大豆氮素吸收分配的影响

以高油品种黑农41为材料研究了高产条件下,氮肥对春大豆植株氮素吸收的影响.结果表明,始花期施氮肥促进氮素吸收,提高氮素的积累速率,推迟氮素积累高峰期,氮素积累总量增加,促进氮素向子粒分配,提高子粒产量和蛋白质含量.在施氮量为0-90kg/hm2范围内,每生产100kg子粒,氮、磷(P2O5)、钾(K2O)吸收量略增,三者之间的比率稳定,约为1:0.28:0.69,再增加氮肥施用量,钾的吸收比率明显下降.     

Estimating soil moisture content using laboratory spectral data

Monitoring soil moisture is important for agriculture and forestry and plays an essential role in land surface processes as well as providing feedback among the earth’s surface ecosystems. Large-scale regional soil moisture spatial data can be obtained with a reliable and operational approach using remote sensing. In this paper, we provide an operational framework for retrieving soil moisture using laboratory spectral data. The inverted Gaussian function was used to fit soil spectral data, and its feature parameters, including absorption depth (AD) and absorption area (AA), were selected as variables for a soil moisture estimate model. There was a significant correlative relationship between soil moisture and AD, as well as AA near 1400 and 1900 nm. A one-variable linear regression model was established to estimate soil moisture. The model was evaluated using the determination coefficients (R2), root mean square error and average precision.Four models were established and evaluated in this study. The determination coefficients of the four models ranged from 0.794 to 0.845. The average accuracy for soil moisture estimates ranged from 90 to 92%. The results prove that it is feasible to estimate soil moisture using remote sensing technology.     

不同氮效率油菜种质苗期氮吸收转运与利用差异研究

氮效率研究是油菜营养性状遗传改良的前提,为探究不同氮效率油菜种质苗期氮吸收、转运和利用的异同,以2个氮效率差异油菜种质H6（氮高效）和L18（氮低效）为供试材料,利用水培营养液设置正常氮（CK）和低氮（LN）2个氮浓度处理,培养14d后检测植株氮含量,计算氮累积量、氮转运系数和氮利用效率。结果显示,不同氮浓度处理对油菜苗期氮的吸收、转运和利用效率影响的差异达到极显著水平（P＜0.01）。与CK相比,LN处理的油菜生物量、氮含量和氮累积量均显著降低,而氮利用效率和根冠比显著提高;氮高效油菜种质H6的生物量、氮累积量、氮转运系数和氮生理利用效率均显著大于氮低效种质L18,分别为L18的2.07、1.42、3.23和1.56倍。从氮的吸收、转运和利用3个方面探讨了低氮胁迫处理下油菜种质苗期氮效率差异的原因,对深入开展油菜氮高效机理研究及油菜品种氮效率改良具有一定的指导意义。     

Pharmacokinetic disposition of triclabendazole in cattle and sheep; discrimination of the order and the rate of the absorption process of its active metabolite triclabendazole sulfoxide

A comparative pharmacokinetic study was conducted to determine the order and the rate of absorption of triclabendazole (TCBZ) in cattle and sheep. A commercial suspension of TCBZ (Biofasiolex, Biogénesis S.A., Argentina) was administered at a dose rate of 10 mg/kg by the oral route to six Holstein female calves and six Corriedale female sheep. The plasma concentration profiles of the metabolites triclabendazole sulfoxide (TCBZ-SO) and triclabendazole sulfone (TCBZ-SO₂) were analysed by means of the non-compartmental method. The order of the absorption process of the active metabolite, TCBZ-SO, was determined by construction of curves of cumulative absorbed fraction of the drug by means of the Wagner-Nelson method. The appearance of TCBZ-SO in plasma of cattle and sheep resembles the entry of a constant quantity of drug into the organism per unit time. This is explained by the reservoir effect of the rumen, which acts as a biological slow-release system for TCBZ-SO and its precursor TCBZ to the posterior digestive tract where they are absorbed. The plasma concentration profiles of TCBZ-SO in both species were well described by a one-compartment open model with zero-order process of absorption and first-order process of elimination. The values of AUC_0-∞ and C _max of TCBZ-SO did not differ between species, while other kinetic parameters except for λ _z had higher values in calves than in sheep. In the case of TCBZ-SO₂, t _max was the only parameter that did not differ between species, while other kinetic parameters except for λ _z had higher values in calves than in sheep.     

植物生长过程中对营养元素吸收情况分析研究

选用三倍体毛白杨的幼苗作为培养材料, 选用MS培养基在组培室进行培养,从植物培养15 d开始每隔5d取样1次,进行培养基中K、Ca、Mg、Zn 、Fe、Mn元素的含量测定,以确定在这段时期内植物对上述6种元素的吸收程度.结果表明:Zn、Mn、Ca、Mg在培养物的生长过程中吸收比较均匀,K在早期吸收强烈,后期几乎不吸收.Fe在早期以及后期吸收量比较大,中期吸收量比较少.     

玉米根系的生长规律及其与产量关系的研究 Ⅰ.玉米根系生长和吸收能力与地上部分的关系

玉米初生根和1～4层次生根发生于苗期,5～6层次生根发生于拔节至孕穗期,第7层以上气生根发生于孕穗至抽雄期。在玉米生长的每一时期中,均以当时较新发生的,较上层的根发挥较大的吸收作用。根系总的吸收面积和叶面积指数都随着整个植株生长而增长,而前者达到最大值的时间早于后者。玉米地上部干物质的积累在拔节后至乳熟前急剧